Dezincification of Brass Water Meters in a Long-term Study: Effects of Anions, Alkalinity, and Residual Chlorine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu-Ju Chao ◽  
Ming-Han Tsai ◽  
Rui-Pei Yu ◽  
Lap-Cuong Hua ◽  
Chi-Chang Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Residual Chlorine ◽  
Term Study ◽  
Water Characteristics ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Water Meters ◽  
Mixed Water

The dezincification of brass water meters in a water distribution system is affected by tap water characteristics. However, the effect of mixed water quality on corrosion and scaling formation on...

Investigating disinfectant by-products in Harare potable water supply, Zimbabwe

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 415-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuitakwashe Nhongo ◽  
Zvikomborero Hoko ◽  
Jameson Kugara
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
The United States ◽  
World Health ◽  
Residual Chlorine ◽  
By Products ◽  
Trihalomethanes Formation

Abstract Formation of disinfectant by-products was investigated in the Harare water supply system from February to April 2015. Sampling sites were selected from the lake, Morton Jaffray Water Treatment Works and critical points in the distribution system. The spatial variations of trihalomethanes and selected water quality parameters were investigated for 15 sampling points in 5 sampling campaigns to assess suitability for drinking. All trihalomethane species were measured, namely chloroform, bromodichloromethane, dibromochloromethane and bromoform. Only chloroform and bromodichloromethane were detected. The study confirmed that there is trihalomethanes formation in the Harare water distribution system and that it is affected by the residence time and presence of organic matter in the system. However, the levels of trihalomethanes are generally within the levels suggested by the World Health Organization. Only bromodichloromethane presents a risk for long-term exposure as it had levels that exceeded the limit for long-term exposure suggested by the United States Environmental Protection Agency. Bromodichloromethane, turbidity and free residual chlorine levels were not suitable for drinking in some of the zones. Boosting of chlorine residuals is necessary especially in areas with free chlorine less than 0.2 mg/L. Injection of ammonia, periodic cleaning of storage reservoirs, and flushing of lines will reduce trihalomethanes formation.

Keeping residual chlorine and decreasing unpleasant odor caused by disinfection of tap water

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Kitazawa
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Internal Surface ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Residual Chlorine ◽  
Disinfection Process ◽  
Unpleasant Odor ◽  
Sanitary Conditions

Keeping residual chlorine at a certain level in tap water is effective not only in improving sanitary conditions but also in suppressing the regrowth of microorganisms and preventing the formation of biofilms on the internal surface of distribution pipelines. However, in our recent survey about customer satisfaction, over 50% of the customers were not satisfied with tap water for drinking. One of the main reasons for the dissatisfaction was the odor or taste caused by the disinfection process. We therefore investigated the behavior of residual chlorine in the water distribution network by estimating the chlorine decay coefficients, and discussed measures to decrease the unpleasant odor while maintaining the effect of disinfection. The effective measures are shortening of retention time, replacement of aged pipes, corrosion control of distribution and service pipes, removal of organic substances in water, additional chlorination at water-supply stations, and improvement in water supply facilities with receiving tanks. By adopting these measures, and setting the target value of residual chlorine at representative water taps, we successfully controlled residual chlorine at the outlets of purification plants or water-supply stations by application of the decay coefficient of chlorine in each water distribution system.

scholarly journals Determination of Copper and Lead and Study their Poisonous Effects in Drinking Water in Baghdad

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 1226-1232
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Plumbing System ◽  
One Year ◽  
Copper Lead

The objective of this study is to determine the concentration of copper and lead (mg/L) in drinking water by using absorption spectrophotometic and Atomic Absorption spectrophotometric method from different area in Baghdad and with different intervals , The results show that the concentration of copper and Lead ( mgL) in tap water which remains motionless in plumbing system for following periods one hours, 3 hours, 6 hours, 12 hours, 24 hours, 7 days and 14 days are (1 , 2.2 , 4 , 5.3 , 7.5 , 10 and 16 mgL copper ) & ( 0.3, 0.5 , 0.8 , 1 , 2.5 , 3 , 3.8 mg /L lead ) respectively .from these results its clear that high levels of copper & Lead occur if tap water comes in contact with copper - lead plumbing and copper lead -containing fixtures in the water distribution system. If tap water remains motionless in the plumbing system for some time. These amounts of copper and Lead are believed to give rise to the symptoms of chemical food poisoning precipitated by the ingestion of alcohol on an empty stomach ( in presence of copper ). Also children under one year of age are more sensitive to copper than adults. Long-term exposure (more than 14 days) to copper - lead in drinking water which is much higher than 1,000 ug/I has been found to cause kidney and liver damage in infants, In case of Lead it can effect a children physical development & ability to learn.

Repeated Botox Injections Deemed Safe in Long-Term Study

2005 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 2
Author(s):  
BETSY BATES
Keyword(s):  
Term Study ◽  
Long Term Study

Long-Term Study Proves Permanent Filler Safety

2010 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
BRUCE JANCIN
Keyword(s):  
Term Study ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Permanent Filler

Quinapril for Sclerosis Failed in Long-Term Study

2007 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
DAMIAN MCNAMARA
Keyword(s):  
Term Study ◽  
Long Term Study

High-Dose Etanercept Found To Be Safe in Long-Term Study

2007 ◽  
Vol 38 (10) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
MARY ANN MOON
Keyword(s):  
High Dose ◽  
Term Study ◽  
Long Term Study
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document