scholarly journals Structure of the zinc finger domain encompassing residues 13–51 of the nucleocapsid protein from simian immunodeficiency virus

2006 ◽  
Vol 393 (3) ◽  
pp. 725-732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nelly Morellet ◽  
Hervé Meudal ◽  
Serge Bouaziz ◽  
Bernard Pierre Roques
Keyword(s):  
Simian Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Zinc Finger ◽  
Solution Structure ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Zinc Finger Domain ◽  
Nucleocapsid Proteins ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Type 1 ◽  
Hiv 1

The NCps (nucleocapsid proteins) of HIV-1 (HIV type 1), HIV-2 and SIV (simian immunodeficiency virus) are small highly basic proteins, characterized by the presence of two CCHC ZF (zinc finger) domains. NCps, closely associated with the dimeric RNA genome in the core of the virus particle, were shown to promote the specific encapsidation of the viral RNA and are implicated in reverse transcription. Solution structure of the HIV-1 NCp7 and complexes of NCp7 with RNA or DNA showed the critical relationships between the structure and its various functions. HIV-1 and HIV-2 have resulted respectively from transmissions of SIV from chimpanzees and sooty mangabeys. It has been shown that the SIVlhoest (SIV from l'Hoest monkeys) also has the potential to infect human populations. Since monkeys are of great interest for clinical studies of antiviral drugs, the structure of (13-51)NCp8 (zinc finger domain of NCp8, encompassing residues 13–51) from SIVlhoest was determined by NMR to appraise the influence of major differences in the sequence, since Glu21, Gly43 and Met46 in NCp7 are replaced by Pro, Glu and Phe respectively in this particular NCp8. The structure of (13-51)NCp8 is very well defined, and surprisingly the structure of each ZF is similar in NCp7 and NCp8. Moreover, contrary to NCp7, the two ZFs are strongly locked to each other in this NCp8. This first reported structure of a simian NCp8 compared with that of NCp7 shows that the main structural differences occur at the flexible linker between the two ZFs but the essential residues responsible for the interaction with oligonucleotides adopt the same orientation in the two proteins.

scholarly journals T-Cell Vaccination Reduces Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Levels in Semen

2009 ◽  
Vol 83 (20) ◽  
pp. 10840-10843 ◽  
Author(s):  
James B. Whitney ◽  
Corinne Luedemann ◽  
Peter Hraber ◽  
Srinivas S. Rao ◽  
John R. Mascola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Simian Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Primary Infection ◽  
Sexual Transmission ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Cellular Immune Responses ◽  
T Cell Vaccination ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Cellular Immune ◽  
Hiv 1

ABSTRACT Recent findings suggest that most sexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) occurs during the acute phase of infection when viral replication is most intense. Here, we show that vaccine-elicited cellular immune responses can significantly reduce simian immunodeficiency virus levels in the semen during the period of primary infection in monkeys. A vaccine that decreases the quantity of HIV-1 in the semen of males during primary infection might decrease HIV-1 transmission in human populations and therefore affect the spread of AIDS.

scholarly journals Novel TRIM5 Isoforms Expressed by Macaca nemestrina

2007 ◽  
Vol 81 (22) ◽  
pp. 12210-12217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Greg Brennan ◽  
Yury Kozyrev ◽  
Toshiaki Kodama ◽  
Shiu-Lok Hu
Keyword(s):  
Coiled Coil ◽  
Macaca Nemestrina ◽  
Cdna Clones ◽  
Reading Frame ◽  
Spry Domain ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Type 1 ◽  
Hiv 1

ABSTRACT The TRIM5 family of proteins contains a RING domain, one or two B boxes, and a coiled-coil domain. The TRIM5α isoform also encodes a C-terminal B30.2(SPRY) domain, differences within which define the breadth and potency of TRIM5α-mediated retroviral restriction. Because Macaca nemestrina animals are susceptible to some human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) isolates, we sought to determine if differences exist in the TRIM5 gene and transcripts of these animals. We identified a two-nucleotide deletion (Δ2) in the transcript at the 5′ terminus of exon 7 in all M. nemestrina TRIM5 cDNA clones examined. This frameshift results in a truncated protein of 300 amino acids lacking the B30.2(SPRY) domain, which we have named TRIM5θ. This deletion is likely due to a single nucleotide polymorphism that alters the 3′ splice site between intron 6 and exon 7. In some clones, a deletion of the entire 27-nucleotide exon 7 (Δexon7) resulted in the restoration of the TRIM5 open reading frame and the generation of another novel isoform, TRIM5η. There are 18 amino acid differences between M. nemestrina TRIM5η and Macaca mulatta TRIM5α, some of which are at or near locations previously shown to affect the breadth and potency of TRIM5α-mediated restriction. Infectivity assays performed on permissive CrFK cells stably transduced with TRIM5η or TRIM5θ show that these isoforms are incapable of restricting either HIV type 1 (HIV-1) or simian immunodeficiency virus infection. The expression of TRIM5 alleles incapable of restricting HIV-1 infection may contribute to the previously reported increased susceptibility of M. nemestrina to HIV-1 infection in vivo.

Neuropsychological studies of asymptomatic Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Type-1 infected individuals

1995 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 304-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Desirée A. White ◽  
Robert K. Heaton ◽  
Andreas U. Monsch ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Test Battery ◽  
Neuropsychological Impairment ◽  
Ongoing Debate ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Type Test ◽  
Hiv Type 1 ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
Asymptomatic Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Asymptomatic Hiv

AbstractThe current review was conducted to address the ongoing debate regarding the presence or absence of neuropsychological impairment in asymptomatic HIV-Type 1 (HIV-1) seropositive individuals. Results were summarized from 57 studies that compared the performances of seropositive asymptomatic and seronegative individuals. Overall, the differences observed between median rates of impairment for asymptomatic (35%) and seronegative (12%) groups provided the clearest indication of deficits in asymptomatics. In addition, five variables were examined as possible contributors to inconsistencies found in the literature: mode of infection, test battery type, test battery size, sample size, and method of data analysis. Of these variables, only mode of infection and test battery size appeared to substantially influence the outcome of the studies reviewed with regard to identifying neuropsychological impairment in asymptomatics. (JINS, 1995, I, 304–315.)

scholarly journals Membrane-Anchored Peptide Inhibits Human Immunodeficiency Virus Entry

2001 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 3038-3042 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Hildinger ◽  
Matthias T. Dittmar ◽  
Patricia Schult-Dietrich ◽  
Boris Fehse ◽  
Barbara S. Schnierle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
T Helper ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Retrovirus Vector ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Entry ◽  
Hiv Type 1 ◽  
Heptad Repeats ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
Gp41 Envelope

ABSTRACT Peptides derived from the heptad repeats of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) gp41 envelope glycoprotein, such as T20, can efficiently inhibit HIV type 1 (HIV-1) entry. In this study, replication of HIV-1 was inhibited more than 100-fold in a T-helper cell line transduced with a retrovirus vector expressing membrane-anchored T20 on the cell surface. Inhibition was independent of coreceptor usage.

scholarly journals The Susceptibility of Primate Lentiviruses to Nucleosides and Vpx during Infection of Dendritic Cells Is Regulated by CA

2015 ◽  
Vol 89 (7) ◽  
pp. 4030-4034 ◽  
Author(s):  
Véronique Barateau ◽  
Xuan-Nhi Nguyen ◽  
Fanny Bourguillault ◽  
Grégory Berger ◽  
Stéphanie Cordeil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Simian Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Viral Protein ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Protein X ◽  
Primate Lentiviruses ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Hiv 1

The block toward human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection of dendritic cells (DCs) can be relieved by Vpx (viral protein X), which degrades sterile alpha motif-hydroxylase domain 1 (SAMHD1) or by exogenously added deoxynucleosides (dNs), lending support to the hypothesis that SAMHD1 acts by limiting deoxynucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs). This notion has, however, been questioned. We show that while dNs and Vpx increase the infectivity of HIV-1, only the latter restores the infectivity of a simian immunodeficiency virus of macaques variant, SIVMACΔVpx virus. This distinct behavior seems to map to CA, suggesting that species-specific CA interactors modulate infection of DCs.

scholarly journals Untruths and consequences: the false hypothesis linking CHAT type 1 polio vaccination to the origin of human immunodeficiency virus

2001 ◽  
Vol 356 (1410) ◽  
pp. 815-823 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanley A. Plotkin
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Simian Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Kidney Cells ◽  
Epidemiological Analysis ◽  
Polio Vaccination ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Belgian Congo ◽  
Hiv 1

A book published in 1999 hypothesized that the scientists who worked with the CHAT type 1 attenuated polio strain tested in the former Belgian Congo in the late 1950s had covertly prepared the vaccine in chimpanzee kidney cells contaminated with a simian immunodeficiency virus, which evolved into HIV–1 group M. This paper summarizes the results of the investigation conducted by the author to determine the legitimacy of the accusation. Testimony by eyewitnesses, documents of the time, epidemiological analysis, and ancillary phylogenetic, virologic and PCR data all concur to reject the hypothesis as false and without factual foundation.

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