Renin and Aldosterone in Essential Hypertension

1971 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 321-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. Kotchen ◽  
P. J. Mulrow ◽  
L. B. Morrow ◽  
P. M. Shutkin ◽  
N. Marieb
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Primary Aldosteronism ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Upright Posture ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Low Sodium Diet ◽  
Low Sodium ◽  
History Of

1. The renin-aldosterone system was studied in seventy-one selected hypertensive patients. Nine (13%) were diagnosed as having primary aldosteronism. Of the twenty-three patients who presented with a history of unprovoked hypokalaemia, the incidence of primary aldosteronism was 40%. 2. Renin and aldosterone responses to the combined stimuli of a low sodium diet and the upright posture were suppressed in patients with essential hypertension. There was no evidence that the suppression was due to abnormal adrenal function, sympathetic neuropathy, or the level of the blood pressure. The mechanism of the suppressed plasma renin activity response and its significance in the pathogenesis of hypertension are unknown.

Development of two-kidney Goldblatt hypertension in rats under dietary sodium restriction

1980 ◽  
Vol 238 (6) ◽  
pp. H889-H894 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Munoz-Ramirez ◽  
R. E. Chatelain ◽  
F. M. Bumpus ◽  
P. A. Khairallah
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
Sodium Restriction ◽  
Sodium Diet ◽  
Low Sodium Diet ◽  
Low Sodium ◽  
Goldblatt Hypertension

In Sprague-Dawley rats with unilateral renal artery stenosis and an intact contralateral kidney, administration of a low-sodium diet did not prevent the development of hypertension. Despite an elevated blood pressure, hyponatremia, marked activation of the renin-angiotensin system, and increased hematocrit values, only 10% of the rats showed lesions of malignant hypertension. Systolic blood pressures of one- and two-kidney sham-operated rats fed a low-sodium diet were significantly higher than that of normotensive controls fed a normal diet. Uninephrectomy did not reduce plasma renin activity. The low-sodium diet increased plasma renin activity to about the same level in one- and two-kidney normotensive rats. However, the increase in plasma renin activity elicited by dietary sodium restriction was markedly less in one-kidney Goldblatt hypertension. Systolic blood pressure reached similar levels in one- and two-kidney Goldblatt hypertensive rats fed a low-sodium diet. These data indicate that a decrease in sodium intake does not prevent the development of two-kidney Goldblatt hypertension.

Reduced Plasma Renin Activity in Essential Hypertension: Effects of Blood Pressure, Age and Sodium

1976 ◽  
Vol 51 (s3) ◽  
pp. 185s-188s ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. Thomas ◽  
J. G. G. Ledingham ◽  
L. J. Beilin ◽  
A. N. Stott
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Significant Inverse Relationship ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
And Control

1. Supine plasma renin activity and its responsiveness to erect posture and frusemide were reduced in fifty-one patients with essential hypertension, compared with fifty-one age- and sex-matched control subjects. 2. Twenty-four hour urinary sodium excretion was similar in hypertensive patients and control subjects, but after intravenous frusemide hypertensive patients excreted significantly less sodium. 3. A significant inverse relationship between plasma renin activity and diastolic blood pressure was demonstrated in hypertensive patients and in normotensive control subjects. 4. A significant inverse relationship between plasma renin activity and age, independent of blood pressure, was shown in hypertensive patients and control subjects. 5. It is concluded that the reduced renin values found in essential hypertension are, in part, the result of the elevated blood pressure acting on the kidney.

Plasma Catecholamines and Renin Activity in Response to Exercise in Patients with Essential Hypertension

1975 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 511-514
Author(s):  
J. Chodakowska ◽  
K. Nazar ◽  
B. Wocial ◽  
M. Jarecki ◽  
B. Skórka
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Plasma Catecholamines ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Work Load ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Plasma Noradrenaline ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Control Subjects

1. The effect of physical exercise on blood pressure, plasma catecholamines and plasma renin activity was studied in fourteen patients with essential hypertension and in eight healthy subjects. 2. Resting plasma noradrenaline and adrenaline and plasma renin activity of the hypertensive patients did not differ from those of the control subjects. 3. In response to graded exercise producing successive heart rates of 120, 140 and 160 beats/min, significantly greater increases of blood pressure were found in the patients than in the control subjects. 4. Plasma noradrenaline increased significantly in both groups at all levels of exercise, the responses being significantly greater in the hypertensive patients. 5. The mean arterial blood pressure was significantly correlated with plasma noradrenaline concentration in the control subjects but not in the hypertensive patients. 6. In the hypertensive group plasma adrenaline increased significantly after exercise at all work loads whereas, in the control group, significant increase occurred only at the highest work load. The differences in the response of the two groups were significant at each work load. 7. Plasma renin activity increased significantly after exercise at the heart rate of 120 beats/min, both in the hypertensive patients and in the control subjects. The magnitude of the response was similar in the two groups.

Blood Pressure Decrease and Responsiveness to Renin-Releasing Stimuli under Increasing Doses of Propranolol in Patients with Essential Hypertension

1974 ◽  
Vol 48 (s2) ◽  
pp. 77s-79s
Author(s):  
G. Leonetti ◽  
G. Mayer ◽  
A. Morganti ◽  
L. Terzoli ◽  
A. Zanchetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Moderate Hypertension ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Hypotensive Effect ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Small Doses ◽  
Oral Doses

1. Stepwise increases of oral doses of propranolol produced both a significant lowering of blood pressure and suppression of plasma renin activity in sixteen patients with mild or moderate normal-renin essential hypertension. 2. The hypotensive and the renin-suppressive actions of propranolol were differently related to plasma propranolol concentrations. At the lowest propranolol concentrations (15–40 nmol/l), there was almost no decrease in blood pressure whereas plasma renin activity and responsiveness to renin-releasing stimuli (standing, intravenous frusemide) were already strongly depressed (greater than 50%). Therefore in a large number of normal-renin hypertensive patients under small doses of propranolol, the renin-suppressive action of the drug can be dissociated from the hypotensive effect. Dissociation of the two effects, though in the opposite way, was also observed in three of four low-renin hypertensive patients, whose blood pressure was decreased by propranolol without further reduction of the already suppressed plasma renin activity. 3. It is concluded that in patients with mild and moderate hypertension and low or normal plasma renin activity, the hypotensive effect of propranolol cannot be attributed to suppression of renin activity. These conclusions do not necessarily apply to high-renin hypertensive patients.

scholarly journals Correlation of Salt Sensitivity, Plasma Renin Activity and Aldosterone in Hypertensive Patients

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (s1) ◽  
pp. 55-60
Author(s):  
Nebojsa Tasic ◽  
Danijela Tasic ◽  
Dalibor Dragisic ◽  
Miroslav Mitrovic
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Salt Loading ◽  
High Sodium ◽  
Sodium Diet ◽  
Low Sodium Diet ◽  
Low Sodium ◽  
Resistant Group

Abstract Plasma-renin values vary in normotensive and hypertensive populations. Some studies consider renin to be a key factor in the aetiology of hypertension, but other studies note that renin is an important factor in cardiovascular homeostasis and functions more as a growth factor than as a pressor hormone. The aim of this study was to assess the PRA and aldosterone values under different salt intake regimes in patients with essential hypertension. The study group consisted of 50 untreated patients (27 women and 23 men; average age 42±9,2 yrs.; average BMI 27,91±4,6 kg/m2) with essential hypertension. All patients were put on a high-sodium diet (200 mmol NaCl per day) for one week after a week on a low-sodium diet (20 mmol NaCl per day). Sodium sensitivity (SS) was defined as a 10-mmHg increase in the mean blood pressure at the end of the high- vs. the low-sodium diet. The SS group consisted of 26 patients, and the sodiuminsensitive group consisted of 24 patients. The PRA and aldosterone levels were determined in 12 patients. PRA values in the SS group during rest were significantly lower compared with the salt-resistant group during all regimes of salt intake (F=10,56, p=0,0012). Salt loading in SS patients causes a significant decrease in PRA (in rest and effort) values in comparison to values during a low salt intake regime (rest: t=4,49, p<0,001; effort: t=3,45, p<0,01). The PRA values in the salt-resistant group did not vary significantly under the different salt intake regimes. The aldosterone values followed the pattern of the PRA values. It is necessary to distinguish investigations on salt intake effects based on incidence and value of blood pressure and investigations on salt restriction’s effects on of blood pressure levels (i.e., non-pharmacological hypertension therapy).

Plasma Renin Activity in Patients with Ischaemic Heart Disease

1977 ◽  
Vol 16 (02) ◽  
pp. 68-70
Author(s):  
O. Hofman ◽  
R. Reisenauer ◽  
A. Slaby ◽  
J. Urbánek
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Ischaemic Heart Disease ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Upright Posture ◽  
Angiotensin I ◽  
History Of

SummaryPlasma renin activity (PRA) stimulated by upright posture was measured in 300 men aged 45 - 64 years using a radioimmunoassay of angiotensin-I. The examined subjects were normotensive or patients with benign essential hypertension and were divided into 6 groups according to the absence of manifest atherosclerosis, the presence of definite angina pectoris or a history of myocardial infarction. Each group contained 50 unselected subjects, with a comparable mean age. Significant differences in mean PRA were found between corresponding groups of hypertensives and normotensives, the values in hypertensives being lower. The percentage of low renin values was higher in hypertensives with ischaemic heart disease than in other groups. It is suggested that this finding might be explained by functional disturbances in the kidneys in hypertensives with ischaemic heart disease.

Urinary Kallikrein Excretion and Plasma Renin Activity in Patients with Essential Hypertension and Primary Aldosteronism

1978 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Lechi ◽  
G. Covi ◽  
C. Lechi ◽  
A. Corgnati ◽  
E. Arosio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Primary Aldosteronism ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Urinary Kallikrein ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Urinary Kallikrein Excretion ◽  
Low Renin Hypertension

1. The 24 h urinary excretion of kallikrein has been studied in 40 normotensive control subjects and in 74 age-matched patients with essential hypertension under similar conditions. By use of the renin-sodium index, hypertensive patients were divided into two subgroups: low-renin hypertension and normal-renin hypertension patients. Urinary kallikrein determinations were also obtained from six hypertensive patients with primary aldosteronism. 2. Urinary kallikrein was significantly lower both in patients with normal-renin and low-renin essential hypertension. Urinary kallikrein excretion was very high in the patients with primary aldosteronism. 3. In nine hypertensive patients β-adrenoreceptor-blocking therapy caused a significant decrease of plasma renin activity, but had no significant effect on urinary kallikrein excretion. 4. The results support the concept that low urinary kallikrein is likely to be a marker of essential hypertension. Under certain conditions its excretion is positively related to mineralocorticoid hormone concentrations but it is not primarily related to the renin-angiotensin system.

Relationship of Basal Plasma Noradrenaline to Blood Pressure, Age, Sex, Plasma Renin Activity and Plasma Volume in Essential Hypertension

1978 ◽  
Vol 55 (s4) ◽  
pp. 93s-96s ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. Chobanian ◽  
H. Gavras ◽  
J. C. Melby ◽  
Irene Gavras ◽  
H. Jick
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Urinary Sodium Excretion ◽  
Plasma Noradrenaline ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Basal Plasma ◽  
Relationship Of

1. The relationship of basal plasma noradrenaline to blood pressure, age, sex, urinary sodium excretion, and plasma volume has been examined in 117 untreated ambulatory patients with essential hypertension. 2. No significant correlations between basal plasma noradrenaline and either age or sex were apparent in the total group of essential hypertensive patients. In addition, no significant correlations were observed between plasma noradrenaline and 24 h urinary sodium excretion. 3. Basal plasma noradrenaline concentration was significantly higher in high renin essential hypertensive subjects compared with those with normal or low plasma renin activity. 4. Plasma noradrenaline was reduced significantly in relatively young patients with low renin essential hypertension, but appeared to be normal in other low renin subjects. 5. Basal plasma noradrenaline correlated significantly with blood pressure in patients with normal or low renin essential hypertension but the relationships were only significant in male patients. 6. No significant relationship between basal plasma noradrenaline and either blood pressure or plasma volume could be demonstrated in this population of essential hypertensive patients.

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