Effect of Intraluminal Concentrations on the Impairment of Glycine Absorption by Glucose in the Human Jejunum

1972 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 525-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. C. Cook
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Glucose Absorption ◽  
Double Lumen Tube ◽  
Three Solutions ◽  
Lumen Tube ◽  
Jejunal Absorption ◽  
Jejunal Segment ◽  
The Mean ◽  
African Patients

1. To investigate the effect of different intraluminal concentrations on the mutual inhibitive effect of glycine and glucose on their jejunal absorption rates, eighteen convalescent Zambian African patients who had no clinical evidence of intestinal disease or of malnutrition were given constant intrajejunal infusions with those solutes either together or alone. A double-lumen tube perfusion system was used, and three solutions containing (A) glycine, (B) glycine and glucose, and (C) glucose, all of which were rendered iso-osmotic with sodium chloride, were perfused in random order at 12·0 ml/min. The concentration of glycine in the perfusing fluid was either 10 or 20 mm, and that of glucose either 100, 200 or 280 mm. By reference to polyethylene glycol 4000, the absorption rates of the solutes and water were calculated for a 30 cm jejunal segment. 2. At a glucose concentration of 200 or 280 mm, but not 100 mm, the mean rate of glycine absorption was decreased by approx. 30%. Glucose absorption rates were not significantly altered by glycine. 3. These observations, taken in conjunction with those from a previous investigation, are consistent with the view that there are two mechanisms for the jejunal absorption of glycine in man, one of which is inhibited by glucose at high intraluminal concentration.

Comparison of Absorption Rates of Glucose and Maltose in Man in Vivo

1973 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 425-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. C. Cook
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Solution ◽  
Glucose Absorption ◽  
Double Lumen Tube ◽  
Proximal Jejunum ◽  
Perfusion Technique ◽  
Double Lumen ◽  
Lumen Tube ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

1. Using a double-lumen tube perfusion technique in vivo, the absorption rates of glucose from a glucose (200 mmol l−1) and from a maltose (100 mmol l−1) solution were measured in the proximal jejunum of six Zambian African adults. 2. In all of the subjects the rate of glucose absorption from the maltose solution was greater than that from the glucose solution. The difference between the mean rates was approximately 15% and is significant (P < 0.01).

scholarly journals Independent jejunal mechanisms for glycine and glycylglycine transfer in man in vivo

1973 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. C. Cook
Keyword(s):  
Absorption Rate ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Double Lumen Tube ◽  
Transport Mechanisms ◽  
Perfusion System ◽  
Double Lumen ◽  
Lumen Tube ◽  
Jejunal Segment ◽  
Rate Of Absorption

1. Rates of absorption of glycine and glycylglycine from a 300 mm jejunal segment were compared in vivo when those compounds were given alone or together to six Zambian African subjects who had no clinical evidence of malnutrition or of gastro-intestinal disease. Solutions containing (A) glycine (100 mmol/1), (B) glycine (100 mmol/l)+glycylglycine (50 mmol/l), and (C) glycylglycine (50 mmol/l) were infused into the upper jejunum by means of a double-lumen tube perfusion system.2. Rate of absorption of glycine was significantly higher from the glycylglycine solution (C) than from the glycine solution (A). Glycine absorption rate from solution B (glycine+glycylglycine) was very similar to the sum of absorption rates of glycine from solutions A and C in each subject. Luminal disappearance rate of glycylglycine from solutions C and B were very similar; however, the rate was significantly greater than the total glycine absorption rate from solution C and indicates back-diffusion of glycine into the lumen after glycylglycine hydrolysis.3. The results are interpreted as indicating that the transport mechanisms for glycine and glycylglycine in man are partly, and possibly wholly, separate.

Comparison of Intestinal Absorption Rates of Glycine and Glycylglycine in Man and the Effect of Glucose in the Perfusing Fluid

1972 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 443-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. C. Cook
Keyword(s):  
Absorption Rate ◽  
Kinetic Curve ◽  
Glucose Absorption ◽  
Double Lumen Tube ◽  
Jejunal Segment ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Mean Glucose ◽  
Effect Of Glucose

1. Using a double-lumen tube perfusion system the rates of glycine, glycylglycine, and glycylglycine and glucose absorption from a 30-cm jejunal segment have been studied in vivo in a group of relatively normal Zambian African subjects. 2. To determine the kinetic curve for glycine absorption, four subjects were given consecutive perfusions of 50, 100 and 150 mm-glycine. 3. Six other subjects had consecutive perfusions of (1) a 100 mm-glycine and (2) a 50 mm-glycylglycine solution. Five of the six had a higher absorption rate of glycine from the glycylglycine solution. When data from a further six similar subjects in another study are included, the mean rate of glycine absorption is significantly greater from the glycylglycine compared with the glycine solution (P < 0·001). 4. A further six subjects were given consecutive perfusions of (1) 50 mm-glycylglycine, (2) 50 mm-glycylglycine and 200 mm-glucose, and (3) 200 mm-glucose. The absorption rate of glycine from glycylglycine was lower in all subjects when glucose was present in the perfusing fluid (P < 0·01). Although the mean glucose absorption rate was lower when glycylglycine was present in the perfusing fluid, the difference was not significant.

Effect of glutamine on water and sodium absorption in human jejunum at baseline and during PGE1-induced secretion

2005 ◽  
Vol 98 (6) ◽  
pp. 2163-2168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moïse Coëffier ◽  
Bernadette Hecketsweiler ◽  
Philippe Hecketsweiler ◽  
Pierre Déchelotte
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Nutritional Support ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Secretory Diarrhea ◽  
Sodium Absorption ◽  
Lumen Tube ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol 4000 ◽  
Jejunal Absorption ◽  
Threefold Increase

Glutamine, a major fuel for enterocytes, stimulates water and sodium absorption in animal models of secretory diarrhea, but data in humans are still limited. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of glutamine on jejunal absorption during hypersecretion in humans. In six healthy adults, the effects of glutamine on jejunal absorption were assessed with a triple-lumen tube on two occasions, at baseline and during PGE1-induced hypersecretion (0.1 μg·kg−1·min−1) in a random order. Isoosmolar solutions containing polyethylene glycol 4000 as nonabsorbable marker were infused in the jejunum at 10 ml/min over 1-h periods: saline (sodium chloride 308 mmol/l), glucose-mannitol 45:45 mM, glucose 90 mM, alanine-glucose 45:45 mM, glutamine-glucose 45:45 mM, and glutamine 90 mM. Net absorptive and secretory fluxes were measured at steady state. At baseline, glutamine- and alanine-containing solutions induced a threefold increase of water and sodium absorption ( P < 0.05); 90 mM glutamine stimulated water absorption more than 90 mM glucose (3.6 ± 0.6 vs. 1.9 ± 0.3 ml·min−1·30 cm−1, P < 0.05). PGE1-induced hypersecretion was reduced ( P < 0.05) by solutions of alanine-glucose, glutamine-glucose, and glutamine 90 mM ( P < 0.05) and reversed to absorption by alanine-glucose and glutamine-glucose. Glutamine and alanine absorption was nearly complete and was not influenced by PGE1. In conclusion, glutamine stimulates water and electrolyte absorption in human jejunum, even during experimental hypersecretion. In addition to the metabolic effects of glutamine, these results support the evaluation of glutamine-containing solutions for the rehydration and the nutritional support of patients with secretory diarrhea.

scholarly journals Lactose aborption kinetics in Zambian African subjects

1973 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 519-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. C. Cook ◽  
N.-G. Asp ◽  
A. Dahlqvist
Keyword(s):  
Brush Border ◽  
Narrow Range ◽  
Double Lumen Tube ◽  
Jejunal Mucosa ◽  
Lactase Activity ◽  
Perfusion System ◽  
Double Lumen ◽  
Lumen Tube ◽  
Jejunal Segment ◽  
Abdominal Colic

1. Using a double-lumen tube perfusion system, solutions of lactose (50, 125 and 250 mmol/l) were introduced into the upper jejunum of six Zambian African subjects. By reference to a non-absorbable marker, polyethylene glycol, mol. wt 4000, the rates of absorption of lactose from each solution were calculated for a 300 mm jejunal segment.2. In three subjects total lactase activity of the jejunal mucosa and brush-border lactase and other disaccharidase activities were estimated. The jejunal total and brush-border lactase activities were low. Jejunal morphology was normal for African subjects.3. All subjects suffered abdominal colic and diarrhoea during and after the lactose perfusions. The kinetic curves for lactose were very shallow, and with all perfused solutions, there was a net movement of water into the jejunal lumen. The limited number of subjects, and the low and narrow range of enzyme activity, did not permit correlation between lactose absorption rate and lactase activity.4. In Zambian African subjects with adult hypolactasia, the jejunal mucosa absorbs a very small proportion of the perfused lactose.

Nonintubated Uniportal Thoracoscopic Thymectomy with Laryngeal Mask

2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (05) ◽  
pp. 450-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhengcheng Liu ◽  
Rusong Yang ◽  
Yang Sun
Keyword(s):  
Thoracoscopic Surgery ◽  
Anterior Mediastinum ◽  
Laryngeal Mask ◽  
Double Lumen Tube ◽  
Perioperative Outcomes ◽  
Video Assisted ◽  
Incision Size ◽  
The Mean ◽  
End Tidal ◽  
Video Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery

Abstract Objective To investigate whether laryngeal mask anesthesia had more favorable postoperative outcomes than double-lumen tube intubation anesthesia in uniportal thoracoscopic thymectomy. Methods Data were collected retrospectively from December 2013 to December 2017. A total of 96 patients with anterior mediastinum mass underwent nonintubated uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic thymectomy with laryngeal mask, and 129 patients underwent intubated uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic thymectomy. A single incision of ∼3 cm was made in an intercostal space along the anterior axillary line. Perioperative outcomes between nonintubated uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (NU-VATS) and intubated uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (IU-VATS) were compared. Results In both groups, incision size was kept to a minimum, with a median of 3 cm, and complete thymectomy was performed in all patients. Mean operative time was 61 minutes. The mean lowest SpO2 during operation was not significantly different. However, the mean peak end-tidal carbon dioxide in the NU-VATS group was higher than in the IU-VATS group. Mean chest tube duration in NU-VATS group was 1.9 days. Mean postoperative hospital stay was 2.5 days, with a range of 1 to 4 days. Time to oral fluid intake in the NU-VATS group was significantly less than in the IU-VATS group (p < 0.01). Several complications were significantly less in the NU-VATS group than in the IU-VATS group, including sore throat, nausea, irritable cough, and urinary retention. Conclusion Compared with intubated approach, nonintubated uniportal thoracoscopic thymectomy with laryngeal mask is feasible for anterior mediastinum lesion, and patients recovered faster with less complications.

How clinical experience leads anesthetists in the choice of double-lumen tube size

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianluca Zani ◽  
Maitan Stefano ◽  
Bizzarri Federico Tommaso ◽  
Rispoli Marco ◽  
Buono Salvatore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Experience ◽  
Double Lumen Tube ◽  
Double Lumen ◽  
Tube Size ◽  
Lumen Tube
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