Comparison of Absorption Rates of Glucose and Maltose in Man in Vivo

1973 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 425-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. C. Cook
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Solution ◽  
Glucose Absorption ◽  
Double Lumen Tube ◽  
Proximal Jejunum ◽  
Perfusion Technique ◽  
Double Lumen ◽  
Lumen Tube ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

1. Using a double-lumen tube perfusion technique in vivo, the absorption rates of glucose from a glucose (200 mmol l−1) and from a maltose (100 mmol l−1) solution were measured in the proximal jejunum of six Zambian African adults. 2. In all of the subjects the rate of glucose absorption from the maltose solution was greater than that from the glucose solution. The difference between the mean rates was approximately 15% and is significant (P < 0.01).

Comparison of Intestinal Absorption Rates of Glycine and Glycylglycine in Man and the Effect of Glucose in the Perfusing Fluid

1972 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 443-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. C. Cook
Keyword(s):  
Absorption Rate ◽  
Kinetic Curve ◽  
Glucose Absorption ◽  
Double Lumen Tube ◽  
Jejunal Segment ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Mean Glucose ◽  
Effect Of Glucose

1. Using a double-lumen tube perfusion system the rates of glycine, glycylglycine, and glycylglycine and glucose absorption from a 30-cm jejunal segment have been studied in vivo in a group of relatively normal Zambian African subjects. 2. To determine the kinetic curve for glycine absorption, four subjects were given consecutive perfusions of 50, 100 and 150 mm-glycine. 3. Six other subjects had consecutive perfusions of (1) a 100 mm-glycine and (2) a 50 mm-glycylglycine solution. Five of the six had a higher absorption rate of glycine from the glycylglycine solution. When data from a further six similar subjects in another study are included, the mean rate of glycine absorption is significantly greater from the glycylglycine compared with the glycine solution (P < 0·001). 4. A further six subjects were given consecutive perfusions of (1) 50 mm-glycylglycine, (2) 50 mm-glycylglycine and 200 mm-glucose, and (3) 200 mm-glucose. The absorption rate of glycine from glycylglycine was lower in all subjects when glucose was present in the perfusing fluid (P < 0·01). Although the mean glucose absorption rate was lower when glycylglycine was present in the perfusing fluid, the difference was not significant.

Effect of Intraluminal Concentrations on the Impairment of Glycine Absorption by Glucose in the Human Jejunum

1972 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 525-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. C. Cook
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Glucose Absorption ◽  
Double Lumen Tube ◽  
Three Solutions ◽  
Lumen Tube ◽  
Jejunal Absorption ◽  
Jejunal Segment ◽  
The Mean ◽  
African Patients

1. To investigate the effect of different intraluminal concentrations on the mutual inhibitive effect of glycine and glucose on their jejunal absorption rates, eighteen convalescent Zambian African patients who had no clinical evidence of intestinal disease or of malnutrition were given constant intrajejunal infusions with those solutes either together or alone. A double-lumen tube perfusion system was used, and three solutions containing (A) glycine, (B) glycine and glucose, and (C) glucose, all of which were rendered iso-osmotic with sodium chloride, were perfused in random order at 12·0 ml/min. The concentration of glycine in the perfusing fluid was either 10 or 20 mm, and that of glucose either 100, 200 or 280 mm. By reference to polyethylene glycol 4000, the absorption rates of the solutes and water were calculated for a 30 cm jejunal segment. 2. At a glucose concentration of 200 or 280 mm, but not 100 mm, the mean rate of glycine absorption was decreased by approx. 30%. Glucose absorption rates were not significantly altered by glycine. 3. These observations, taken in conjunction with those from a previous investigation, are consistent with the view that there are two mechanisms for the jejunal absorption of glycine in man, one of which is inhibited by glucose at high intraluminal concentration.

scholarly journals Independent jejunal mechanisms for glycine and glycylglycine transfer in man in vivo

1973 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. C. Cook
Keyword(s):  
Absorption Rate ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Double Lumen Tube ◽  
Transport Mechanisms ◽  
Perfusion System ◽  
Double Lumen ◽  
Lumen Tube ◽  
Jejunal Segment ◽  
Rate Of Absorption

1. Rates of absorption of glycine and glycylglycine from a 300 mm jejunal segment were compared in vivo when those compounds were given alone or together to six Zambian African subjects who had no clinical evidence of malnutrition or of gastro-intestinal disease. Solutions containing (A) glycine (100 mmol/1), (B) glycine (100 mmol/l)+glycylglycine (50 mmol/l), and (C) glycylglycine (50 mmol/l) were infused into the upper jejunum by means of a double-lumen tube perfusion system.2. Rate of absorption of glycine was significantly higher from the glycylglycine solution (C) than from the glycine solution (A). Glycine absorption rate from solution B (glycine+glycylglycine) was very similar to the sum of absorption rates of glycine from solutions A and C in each subject. Luminal disappearance rate of glycylglycine from solutions C and B were very similar; however, the rate was significantly greater than the total glycine absorption rate from solution C and indicates back-diffusion of glycine into the lumen after glycylglycine hydrolysis.3. The results are interpreted as indicating that the transport mechanisms for glycine and glycylglycine in man are partly, and possibly wholly, separate.

scholarly journals Enamel interproximal reduction during treatment with clear aligners: digital planning versus OrthoCAD analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppina Laganà ◽  
Arianna Malara ◽  
Roberta Lione ◽  
Carlotta Danesi ◽  
Simonetta Meuli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Plan ◽  
End Of Treatment ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Dependent Sample ◽  
University Of Rome ◽  
The University ◽  
Enamel Reduction ◽  
Lower Arch

Abstract Background The aim of the study was to compare the amount of interproximal enamel reduction (IPR) provided on ClinCheck software with the amount of IPR carried out by the orthodontist during treatment with clear aligners. Methods 30 subjects (14 males, 16 females; mean age of 24.53 ± 13.41 years) randomly recruited from the Invisalign account of the Department of Orthodontics at the University of Rome “Tor Vergata” from November 2018 to October 2019, were collected according to the following inclusion criteria: mild to moderate dento-alveolar discrepancy (1.5–6.5 mm); Class I canine and molar relationship; full permanent dentition (excluding third molars); both arches treated only using Comprehensive Package by Invisalign system; treatment plan including IPR. Pre- (T0) and post-treatment (T1) digital models (.stl files), created from an iTero scan, were collected from all selected patients. The OrthoCAD digital software was used to measure tooth mesiodistal width in upper and lower arches before (T0) and at the end of treatment (T1) before any refinement. The widest mesio-distal diameter was measured for each tooth excluding molars by “Diagnostic” OrthoCAD tool. The total amount of IPR performed during treatment was obtained comparing the sum of mesio-distal widths of all measured teeth at T0 and T1. Significant T1–T0 differences were tested with dependent sample t-test (P < 0.05). Results In the upper arch, IPR was digitally planned on average for 0.62 mm while in the lower arch was on average for 1.92 mm. As for the amount of enamel actually removed after IPR performing, it was on average 0.62 mm in the maxillary arch. In the mandibular arch, the mean of IPR carried out was 1.93 mm. The difference between planned IPR and performed IPR is described: this difference was on average 0.00 mm in the upper arch and 0.01 in the lower arch. Conclusions The amount of enamel removed in vivo corresponded with the amount of IPR planned by the Orthodontist using ClinCheck software.

How clinical experience leads anesthetists in the choice of double-lumen tube size

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianluca Zani ◽  
Maitan Stefano ◽  
Bizzarri Federico Tommaso ◽  
Rispoli Marco ◽  
Buono Salvatore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Experience ◽  
Double Lumen Tube ◽  
Double Lumen ◽  
Tube Size ◽  
Lumen Tube

scholarly journals Essentials of Double Lumen Tube Extubation

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-202
Author(s):  
Yoshito NAKAYAMA
Keyword(s):  
Double Lumen Tube ◽  
Double Lumen ◽  
Lumen Tube

Colonic interposition for oesophageal replacement surgery in a patient with left broncho-oesophageal fistula: anaesthetic management

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. e243738
Author(s):  
Kavitha Girish ◽  
Ameya Pappu ◽  
Rashmi Ramachandran ◽  
Vimi Rewari
Keyword(s):  
Positive Pressure Ventilation ◽  
Perioperative Period ◽  
Anaesthetic Management ◽  
Double Lumen Tube ◽  
Positive Pressure ◽  
Colonic Interposition ◽  
Double Lumen ◽  
Lumen Tube ◽  
Replacement Surgery ◽  
Risk Of Aspiration

Management of an uncorrected broncho-oesophageal fistula in the perioperative period is a challenge for the anaesthesiologist. Positive pressure ventilation which is inevitable during surgery will lead to gastric insufflation and there is a high risk of aspiration of gastric contents. In this case report, we discuss how we used a double lumen tube to occlude a pericarinal broncho-oesophageal fistula. This method was quite effective as it obviated the need for isolating the lung as well as ensured smooth delivery of positive pressure ventilation during the surgery.

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