scholarly journals Enamel interproximal reduction during treatment with clear aligners: digital planning versus OrthoCAD analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppina Laganà ◽  
Arianna Malara ◽  
Roberta Lione ◽  
Carlotta Danesi ◽  
Simonetta Meuli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Plan ◽  
End Of Treatment ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Dependent Sample ◽  
University Of Rome ◽  
The University ◽  
Enamel Reduction ◽  
Lower Arch

Abstract Background The aim of the study was to compare the amount of interproximal enamel reduction (IPR) provided on ClinCheck software with the amount of IPR carried out by the orthodontist during treatment with clear aligners. Methods 30 subjects (14 males, 16 females; mean age of 24.53 ± 13.41 years) randomly recruited from the Invisalign account of the Department of Orthodontics at the University of Rome “Tor Vergata” from November 2018 to October 2019, were collected according to the following inclusion criteria: mild to moderate dento-alveolar discrepancy (1.5–6.5 mm); Class I canine and molar relationship; full permanent dentition (excluding third molars); both arches treated only using Comprehensive Package by Invisalign system; treatment plan including IPR. Pre- (T0) and post-treatment (T1) digital models (.stl files), created from an iTero scan, were collected from all selected patients. The OrthoCAD digital software was used to measure tooth mesiodistal width in upper and lower arches before (T0) and at the end of treatment (T1) before any refinement. The widest mesio-distal diameter was measured for each tooth excluding molars by “Diagnostic” OrthoCAD tool. The total amount of IPR performed during treatment was obtained comparing the sum of mesio-distal widths of all measured teeth at T0 and T1. Significant T1–T0 differences were tested with dependent sample t-test (P < 0.05). Results In the upper arch, IPR was digitally planned on average for 0.62 mm while in the lower arch was on average for 1.92 mm. As for the amount of enamel actually removed after IPR performing, it was on average 0.62 mm in the maxillary arch. In the mandibular arch, the mean of IPR carried out was 1.93 mm. The difference between planned IPR and performed IPR is described: this difference was on average 0.00 mm in the upper arch and 0.01 in the lower arch. Conclusions The amount of enamel removed in vivo corresponded with the amount of IPR planned by the Orthodontist using ClinCheck software.

scholarly journals Orthodontic treatment stability predictors: A retrospective longitudinal study

2016 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paloma González-Gil de Bernabé ◽  
José María Montiel-Company ◽  
Vanessa Paredes-Gallardo ◽  
Jose Luis Gandía-Franco ◽  
Carlos Bellot-Arcís
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Peer Assessment ◽  
Anterior Segment ◽  
End Of Treatment ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Stability

ABSTRACTObjective: To examine medium- to long-term orthodontic treatment stability and its possible association with certain variables.Materials and Methods: In a retrospective longitudinal study of 70 postretention patients, the Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) index was measured at the start (T1) and end (T2) of treatment and between 4 and 10 years afterwards (T3). The stability was considered absolute when the T2 and T3 values were identical and relative when the difference was within the ±5 range.Results: Among the 70 patients, 65.8% were female and 34.2% were male. Their mean age was 14.5 years. The mean treatment length was 2.4 years. The mean retention phase was 3.3 years. The mean pre- and posttreatment PAR scores were 29.8 (T1) and 6.3 (T2). The mean T1–T2 difference was 23.6. The mean T2–T3 difference was −0.39.Conclusions: Within the study, 7.1% presented absolute stability and 68.6% presented relative stability. Lower anterior segment alignment and overbite were the most unstable occlusal features and tended to worsen. Fixed retainer (odds ratio [OR] 0.31; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.10–0.98) as a protective factor and years without retention (OR 1.32; 95% CI 1.03–1.68) as a risk factor are predictor variables of instability in the case of lower anterior segment alignment. The PAR value at the end of treatment (OR 1.29; 95% CI 1.08–1.54) and extractions (OR 4.76; 95% CI 1.05–21.6) before treatment are predictors for midline instability.

In vivo accuracy of image guidance performed using optical tracking and optimized registration

2006 ◽  
Vol 105 (4) ◽  
pp. 561-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher R. Mascott
Keyword(s):  
Image Guidance ◽  
Optical Tracking ◽  
Guidance System ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Mr Images ◽  
Common Error ◽  
Depth Electrodes ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

Object Image guidance systems involving the use of frameless referencing of surgical space to compile volumetric imaging data sets recently have come into widespread use. Few studies have addressed the true intraoperative surgical accuracy (that is, the application accuracy) of these systems except in a subjective manner. Calculated accuracies given by the systems do not necessarily reflect true intraoperative accuracy. Methods To objectively assess the stereotactic accuracy of a frameless image guidance system using optical spatial referencing, the author analyzed postoperative magnetic resonance (MR) images after placement of depth electrodes for the investigation of epilepsy. Preoperative planning for the treatment of seven patients included implanting skull fiducial screws and obtaining computed tomography/MR fusion images by using ImMerge image fusion software on the StealthStation (Medtronic, Inc.). A total of 42 electrodes were placed. Postoperative volumetric MR images were fused with preoperative study images. The difference between the planned electrode trajectories and targets and the visualized electrodes was measured in stereotactic space. Conclusions The mean distance between the distal electrode contact and the distal end of the planned trajectory for the 42 targets was 3 ± 1.5 mm. The most common error was in depth. The author’s technique did not involve rigid skull fixation of electrodes because they were subsequently tunneled subcutaneously and later removed at the bedside of the patient. Errors in depth were known to be due to traction at the time of tunneling and not due to stereotactic factors. Correcting for depth along the electrode trajectory, the mean accuracy was found to be 2.4 ± 1 mm.

scholarly journals A study of factors affecting weight gain among tuberculosis patients under DOTS in district Amritsar

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 4804
Author(s):  
Pooja Sadana ◽  
Harpreet Kaur ◽  
Vishal Verma
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Continuation Phase ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
End Of Treatment ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

Background: Wasting is a common feature in tuberculosis and treatment is aimed at achieving weight gain in pulmonary tuberculosis patients. The aims and objectives of the study were to study the extent of body weight gain during treatment and to identify the effect of different factors on weight gain among TB patients.Methods: The study was conducted on a total of 326 patients residing in the area of PHC Verka and registered with District Tuberculosis Centre, Amritsar. Weight change was assessed by taking the difference of weight at initial diagnosis and after completion of continuation phase therapy.Results: A total of 228 patients participated in the study. The mean (±SD) body weights (in kg) for the patients were 44.92±12.7 at diagnosis and 48.79±12.9 at the end of treatment. The mean (±SD) weight gain was 3.86±4.55 kgs at the end of treatment. The gain in weight at the end of treatment was associated with supervision of treatment and outcome of the TB patient.Conclusions: The findings showed that there is an association between gain in weight with supervision of treatment and outcome of the TB patient.

Morphological Changes of The Root Apex In Anterior Teeth With Periapical Periodontitis: An In-Vivo Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen-chen Zhang ◽  
Ya-jing Liu ◽  
Wei-dong Yang ◽  
Qian-nan Zhang ◽  
Ming-zhu Zha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Root Apex ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Reconstruction Technique ◽  
Apical Constriction ◽  
Anterior Teeth ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Periapical Periodontitis

Abstract Introduction: The aim was to analyze the morphological changes of root apex in anterior teeth with periapical periodontitis. Methods: 32 untreated anterior teeth with periapical periodontitis were enrolled, compared with the healthy contralateral teeth. Cone-beam computed tomography was used to measure diameter of the apical constriction. 3D reconstruction technique was used to reconstruct the teeth, analysis the constriction forms, and measure the distances of constriction to apical foramen and anatomical apex respectively. Results: The difference value between buccolingual and mesiodistal diameter was (0.06±0.09) mm in periapical periodontitis and (0.04±0.04) mm in healthy teeth (p<0.05). The mean distances between apical constriction and anatomical apex were (0.97±0.25) mm and (1.59±0.48) mm in periapical periodontitis and healthy teeth. The mean distances of apical constriction to apical foramen were (0.39±0.12) mm and (0.70±0.18) mm in periapical periodontitis and healthy teeth. The most common form of apical construction was flaring (65.6%) in periapical periodontitis. Conclusions: The anterior teeth with periapical periodontitis had shorter distances of apical constriction to anatomical apex and apical foramen, bigger disparities between the diameters of buccolingual and mesiodistal, and higher proportion of flaring apical construction.

scholarly journals The Evaluation of Osseointegration of Dental Implant Surface with Different Size of TiO2Nanotube in Rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young-Ah Yi ◽  
Young-Bum Park ◽  
Hyunmin Choi ◽  
Keun-Woo Lee ◽  
Sun-Jai Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Implant Surface ◽  
Removal Torque ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Dental Implant Surface ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Perfusion Fixation

With the development of nanotechnology, many researches have shown that nanometer-scaled materials especially TiO2nanotube have a positive effect on cellular behavior and surface characteristics of implant, which are considered to be crucial factors in osseointegration. However, it has not yet been verified which nanotube size is effective in osseointegrationin vivo. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of implant surface-treated with different size of TiO2nanotubes on osseointegration in rat femur. The customized implants (threaded and nonthreaded type), surface-treated with different diameter of TiO2nanotubes (30 nm, 50 nm, 70 nm, and 100 nm nanotube), were placed on both sides of the femur of 50 male Sprague-Dawley rats (6 weeks old). Rats were sacrificed at 2 and 6 weeks following surgery; then the specimens were collected by perfusion fixation and the osseointegration of implants was evaluated by radiographic and histologic analyses and removal torque value test. The mean of bone area (%) and the mean of removal torque were different in each group, indicating that the difference in TiO2nanotube size may influence new bone formation and osseointegration in rats.

Comparison of Absorption Rates of Glucose and Maltose in Man in Vivo

1973 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 425-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. C. Cook
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Solution ◽  
Glucose Absorption ◽  
Double Lumen Tube ◽  
Proximal Jejunum ◽  
Perfusion Technique ◽  
Double Lumen ◽  
Lumen Tube ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

1. Using a double-lumen tube perfusion technique in vivo, the absorption rates of glucose from a glucose (200 mmol l−1) and from a maltose (100 mmol l−1) solution were measured in the proximal jejunum of six Zambian African adults. 2. In all of the subjects the rate of glucose absorption from the maltose solution was greater than that from the glucose solution. The difference between the mean rates was approximately 15% and is significant (P < 0.01).

scholarly journals In vitro estimation of iron availability from a range of plant foods: influence of phytate, ascorbate and citrate

1987 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Hazell ◽  
I. T. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Orange Juice ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Prolonged Storage ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Permeable Membrane ◽  
Plant Foods ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

1. Plant foods were digested in vitro and the proportion of iron which diffused across a ssemi-permeable membrane was used as an index of Fe availability.2. The mean (with SEM) Fe diffusibility from a group of eighteen cereals, legumes and nuts was very low, 2.1 (0.25)%, whereas from a group of sixteen fruits and vegetables it was high, 13.7 (1.09)%. The difference between the two food groups was highly significant (P< 0.001).3. The results for Fe diffusibility correlated well with literature values for the in vivo absorption of Fe from similar foods (r0.84,P< 0.01).4. When phytate, citrate and ascorbate were added to selected foods in amounts corresponding to endogenous levels, only phytate and citrate gave the expected effects on Fe diffusibility. Ascorbate only enhanced Fe diffusibility to the expected extent when it was added in much larger amounts, not normally found in foods.5. When added to cereal foods, orange juice was found to enhance greatly Fe diffusibility even when its content of ascorbate was completely destroyed by boiling followed by prolonged storage. When citrate and ascorbate were added to cereal foods in amounts equivalent to those found in fresh orange juice, both enhanced Fe diffusibility but citrate was far more effective.6. It is concluded that phytate is a major inhibitor of Fe diffusibility in cereals, legumes and nuts. However, citrate rather than ascorbate would appear to be the major enhancer of Fe diffusibility from many fruits and vegetables.7. The implications of the present results are discussed in relation to the relative influence of phytate, citrate and ascorbate on dietary Fe availability.

scholarly journals A Double-blind Cross-over Study evaluating the Efficacy of a Light-activated Toothbrush

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-60
Author(s):  
Gerry Uswak ◽  
Jinhwa Lee ◽  
Jennife Li
Keyword(s):  
Solar Panel ◽  
Gingival Inflammation ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Mean Differences ◽  
And Control ◽  
Plaque Biofilm

ABSTRACT Aim The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of a new, light-activated toothbrush, (Soladey-J3X) incorporated with a TiO2 semiconductor and a solar panel (test) with a similar toothbrush but without the active semiconductor and solar panel (control). Materials and methods Forty-nine adults aged 19 to 34 years completed a double-blind, cross-over study with each participant using the test and control brush for a period of 3 weeks each. The mean differences between baseline plaque and gingivitis scores and, after the subjects used, the test and control brushes were analyzed by the paired t-test. Results The test and control brush demonstrated a reduction in overall plaque scores, but the difference between the two brushes was not statistically significant. The Soladey-J3X, however, showed a statistically significant difference in the overall mean reduction in gingivitis and on the buccal and interproximal surfaces compared to the control. Conclusion Both the test and the control toothbrushes induced a reduction in plaque scores after 3 weeks of use but the differences between the two type of brushes were not statistically significant. However, the test brush was more efficacious than the control in reducing overall gingival index scores and on the buccal and interproximal surfaces. Additional in vivo and longer term clinical trials are, however, warranted to fully investigate the mechanism and efficacy of TiO2 semiconductor toothbrushes on plaque biofilm and gingival inflammation. How to cite this article Uswak G, Hoover J, Lee J, Li J, Karunanayake C. A Double-blind Cross-over Study evaluating the Efficacy of a Light-activated Toothbrush. Int J Experiment Dent Sci 2012;1(2):57-60.

Quantification of Circulating Activated Protein C in Human Plasma by Immunoassays - Enzyme Levels are Proportional to Total Protein C Levels

1996 ◽  
Vol 75 (01) ◽  
pp. 056-061 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco España ◽  
Isabel Zuazu ◽  
Vicente Vicente ◽  
Amparo Estellés ◽  
Pascual Marco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein C ◽  
Activated Protein C ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Circulating Levels

SummaryWe have developed a simple assay that measures the circulating activated protein C (APC) in plasma. The assay requires collection of duplicate blood samples, one in citrate plus heparin and the other in citrate plus inhibitors of the enzyme. In the heparin tube, APC reacts completely and irreversibly with its major plasma inhibitors, protein C inhibitor (PCI) and α1-antitrypsin (α1AT), and the complexes formed are measured by ELISAs. The amount of circulating APC is calculated from the difference between the total amount of complexed APC (sample in citrate plus heparin) and the amount of APC complexed in vivo (sample in citrate plus inhibitor). Over 95% of the APC added to blood collected with heparin was recovered in the assay. The assay can easily be performed in four hours, and had a detection limit of 0.1 ng/ml APC. The mean APC level in 18 protein C heterozygous members from seven kindreds was significantly lower (0.6 ± 0.3 ng/ml) than in 20 healthy controls (1.1 ± 0.3 ng/ml) (p <0.001), whereas the mean level in 10 non-affected members from the kindreds studied was 1.5 ± 0.3 ng/ml. In the group of 12 nonanticoagulated heterozygous protein C-deficient individuals, the three patients with a history of venous thrombosis had a mean APC level significantly lower than the nine asymptomatic members (p <0.01), both subgroups showing similar protein C levels. There was a significant correlation in all groups between the levels of APC and the levels of protein C antigen (r = 0.758, p <0.0001) and activity (r = 0.745, p <0.0001), which means that APC circulating levels are proportional to protein C levels and suggests that the protein C level is the limiting factor in the rate of protein C activation in vivo.

Data of twins born in Italy 1936-51

1954 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. N. Karn
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Smooth Curve ◽  
Similar Data ◽  
Gestation Time ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mother’S Age ◽  
University Of Rome ◽  
The University ◽  
Chief Characteristic ◽  
Length Of Gestation

SummaryData of 986 twins from the records of the Clinica Ostetrica of the University of Rome have been analysed as regards the distributions, means and standard deviations of mother's age, order of birth, birth weight and length of gestation time in groups of like and unlike sex.The chief characteristic of these data compared with similar data from English hospitals is the inclusion of cases of low birth weight and short gestation time. In the English data there are 9 cases out of 1137 of the group of weight under 680 g; in the present data there are 57 out of 1942 which fall into the lowest group under 500 g.Similarly in length of gestation the English data have only 2 cases out of 926 under 170 days compared with 33 of the Italian out of 945.The correlations between twin weights are respectively .8030 for like sex and .7604 for unlike sex; for weight and gestation period they are .3814 (like sex) and .3606 (unlike sex).The regression of weight on length of gestation runs as a smooth curve in accordance with previous findings. The mean weights for given gestation times are about the same as, or a little higher than, those for the English data.I am greatly indebted to Dr. Norma McArthur for giving me a copy of these data.

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