The Response of Arginine Vasopressin and Plasma Renin to Postural Change in Normal Man, with Observations on Syncope

1976 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy Davies ◽  
J. D. H. Slater ◽  
Mary L. Forsling ◽  
Nadia Payne
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Arginine Vasopressin ◽  
Plasma Osmolality ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Initial Rise ◽  
Constant Rate ◽  
Normal Man ◽  
Plasma Arginine

1. Fourteen mildly hydropenic normal volunteers were slowly tilted at a constant rate from the horizontal to the 85° head-up position in order to study the interrelationship between plasma arginine vasopressin concentration, plasma renin activity and the change of plasma volume. 2. Nine subjects did not develop vaso-vagal symptoms and were studied for 45–60 min. Arginine vasopressin rose biphasically in all subjects: a small initial rise, which was seen at 3 min and persisted for 30 min, was followed by a striking rise between 30 and 45 min, when the fall of plasma volume had reached its maximum (17%). 3. Plasma renin activity reached a maximum at 30 min but fell by 45 min, as plasma concentration of arginine vasopressin rose. 4. Five subjects developed vaso-vagal symptoms 4–24 min after reaching 85° when the study was terminated. A striking increase of arginine vasopressin concentration was seen within 4 min of syncope, but there was no change of plasma osmolality, cortisol concentration or renin activity.

Effect of Vasopressin on Plasma Volume and Renin Release in Man

1976 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 415-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Khokhär ◽  
J. D. H. Slater ◽  
Mary L. Forsling ◽  
N. N. Payne
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Arginine Vasopressin ◽  
Pressor Response ◽  
Plasma Osmolality ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Plasma Sodium ◽  
Plasma Protein Concentration

1. Arginine vasopressin was infused into seven healthy young male volunteers at 12·5 and 25 units/min for 1 h at each dose. Plasma renin activity fell sharply and progressively in each subject. The mean fall was 47% and 66% of the initial value at the end of the lower and higher rates of arginine vasopressin infusion respectively; over 70% of the observed fall in plasma renin activity occurred at the end of the first infusion period. 2. The majority of the plasma arginine vasopressin concentrations achieved were within the physiological range observed after fluid deprivation and orthostatic stress in man, particularly at the lower rate of infusion. 3. There was no change of arterial pressure, despite a slight bradycardia at the lower rate of infusion; at the higher rate of infusion, there was only a very slight pressor response. 4. There was a concomitant and significant fall of plasma protein concentration and peripheral venous packed cell volume without any significant change of plasma sodium concentration or plasma osmolality, implying an expansion of plasma volume. 5. The results indicate that, in man, physiologically relevant amounts of arginine vasopressin suppress the rate of renin secretion indirectly by increasing the plasma volume at the expense of the extravascular fluid volume.

Effect of Chronic Low-Dose Arginine Vasopressin Infusion on Body Fluid Homoeostasis during Adaptation from a High-to a Low-Sodium Diet in Normal Man

1993 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 465-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sutters ◽  
D. J. S. Carmichael ◽  
S. L. Lightman ◽  
W. S. Peart
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Arginine Vasopressin ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Plasma Sodium ◽  
Angiotensin I ◽  
Salt Restriction ◽  
Plasma Sodium Concentration ◽  
Plasma Arginine

1. A diuresis occurs within the first 36 h of salt restriction. A decline in plasma arginine vasopressin concentration may contribute to both the diuresis and antinatriuresis. 2. We have studied six normal human subjects during 36 h of dietary sodium restriction. In one study subjects received an intravenous infusion of D-glucose, and in the other an infusion of arginine vasopressin (6 fmol min−1 kg−1). 3. In the D-glucose phase plasma arginine vasopressin concentration fell (1.77 +034 to 1.02 +0.13 pg/ml), urine flow increased (67.9 +113 to 89.8 + 17.1 ml/h), haemoconcentration occurred (packed cell volume 40.8 +0.3 to 42.8 +03%, protein concentration 71.6 +03 to 74.5 + 0.6 g/l), plasma sodium concentration fell (140 +0.2 to 138 +0.2 mmol/l) and plasma renin activity increased (1600+153 to 3700 + 356 pg of angiotensin I h−1 ml−1). 4. In the arginine vasopressin phase plasma arginine vasopressin concentration remained constant (13 + 0.13 to 134 +0.11 pg/ml), the diuresis was reversed (65.7 +9.9 to 52.1 +8.9 ml/h), plasma sodium concentration fell further (139.8 +0.4 to 136.1 +0.4 mmol/l), the rise in plasma renin activity was reduced (arginine vasopressin 2552 + 292; D-glucose, 3700 + 356 pg of angiotensin I h−1 ml−1) and creatinine clearance was lower in the last 12 h of salt restriction (arginine vasopressin, 96.1 +6.9; D-glucose 116.5 + 6.8 ml/min). Renal sodium excretion was unaffected by arginine vasopressin infusion. 5. We conclude that the fall in plasma arginine vasopressin concentration during dietary salt restriction, whilst not affecting renal sodium excretion, may be important in the regulation of plasma sodium concentration, plasma renin activity and glomerular filtration.

Oral hypertonic saline causes transient fall of vasopressin in humans

1986 ◽  
Vol 251 (2) ◽  
pp. R214-R217 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Seckl ◽  
T. D. Williams ◽  
S. L. Lightman
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Hypertonic Saline ◽  
Arginine Vasopressin ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Plasma Osmolality ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Oral Rehydration ◽  
Plasma Arginine

After dehydration, oral rehydration causes a fall in plasma arginine vasopressin (AVP) that precedes changes in plasma osmolality. To investigate further the stimulus for this effect, its specificity, and association with thirst, six volunteers were deprived of water for 24 h and given a salt load on two separate occasions. On each study day they then drank rapidly 10 ml/kg of either tap water or hypertonic saline (360 mosmol/kg). There was a significant fall in plasma AVP from 2.0 +/- 0.3 to 1.2 +/- 0.4 pmol/l (P less than 0.05) 5 min after drinking water and from 1.8 +/- 0.3 to 0.9 +/- 0.2 pmol/l (P less than 0.05) after hypertonic saline. Plasma osmolality fell 30-60 min after water and was unchanged after saline. Plasma renin activity, oxytocin, and total protein all remained unchanged. All subjects reported diminished thirst after hypertonic saline. Gargling with water reduced thirst but did not affect plasma AVP. There appears to be a drinking-mediated neuroendocrine reflex that decreases plasma AVP irrespective of the osmolality of the liquid consumed. The sensation of thirst did not correlate with plasma osmolality and was not always related to plasma AVP concentration.

Plasma vasopressin and renin activity in women exposed to bed rest and +Gz acceleration

1976 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 911-914 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. C. Keil ◽  
S. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Arginine Vasopressin ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Bed Rest ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Marked Rise ◽  
Plasma Vasopressin ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Plasma Arginine

To study the effect of prolonged recumbency on plasma vasopressin and renin activity, eight women (23–34 yr) were subjected to 17 days of absolute bed rest. The +3 Gz tolerance of the subjects was tested before and after 14 days of bed rest. From day 2 and through day 17 of bed rest, plasma arginine vasopressin (AVP) levels were reduced 33%. Plasma renin activity (PRA) increased 91% (P less than 0.05) above ambulatory control values from days 10 through 15 of bed rest. When compared to precentrifuge values, exposure to +3 Gz prior to bed rest provoked a 20-fold rise (P less than 0.05) in mean plasma AVP but resulted in only a slight increase in PRA. After bed rest, acceleration increased plasma AVP 7-fold (P less than 0.02); however, the magnitude of this increase was less than the post +3Gz value obtained prior to bed rest. After bed rest, no significant rise was noted in PRA following +3 Gz. This study demonstrates that prolonged bed rest leads to a significant rise in the PRA of female subjects, while exposure to +Gz acceleration provokes a marked rise in plasma AVP.

Water and Electrolyte Composition of Urine and Ileal Fluid and Its Relationship to Renin and Aldosterone during Dietary Sodium Deprivation in Patients with Ileostomies

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 407-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Moss ◽  
D. Gordon ◽  
Mary L. Forsling ◽  
W. S. Peart ◽  
V. H. T. James ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Arginine Vasopressin ◽  
Potassium Concentration ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Plasma Aldosterone ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
Plasma Aldosterone Concentration ◽  
Water Composition ◽  
Plasma Arginine

1. The electrolyte and water composition of urine and ileal fluid was studied in six patients with ileostomies during dietary sodium deprivation and at the same time measurements were made of plasma renin activity, plasma aldosterone concentration, renal aldosterone excretion and plasma arginine vasopressin concentration. 2. In each subject there was a reduction in renal sodium excretion within 24 h of sodium deprivation. Significant rises in plasma renin activity, plasma aldosterone concentration and renal aldosterone excretion occurred by day 2 of sodium deprivation. 3. There was only modest conservation of sodium by the ileum during sodium deprivation, but ileal potassium concentration rose progressively. There were significant associations between ileal-fluid potassium concentration and plasma renin activity or renal aldosterone excretion. 4. Under the conditions of the experiment a diuresis was observed in each subject during dietary sodium deprivation. This did not appear to depend on changes in plasma arginine vasopressin concentration.

Solitary Kidney and Ageing as Causes of Low Renin and Aldosterone Concentrations: Relevance to ‘Low-Renin’ Essential Hypertension

1976 ◽  
Vol 51 (s3) ◽  
pp. 177s-180s ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Gordon ◽  
Freda Doran ◽  
M. Thomas ◽  
Frances Thomas ◽  
P. Cheras
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
Sodium Restriction ◽  
Normotensive Subjects ◽  
The Mean

1. As experimental models of reduced nephron population in man, (a) twelve men aged 15–32 years who had one kidney removed 1–13 years previously and (b) fourteen normotensive men aged 70–90 years were studied. Results were compared with those in eighteen normotensive men aged 18–28 years and eleven men aged 19–33 years with essential hypertension. 2. While the subjects followed a routine of normal diet and daily activity, measurements were made, after overnight recumbency and in the fasting state, of plasma volume and renin activity on one occasion in hospital and of blood pressure on five to fourteen occasions in the home. Blood pressure was also measured after standing for 2 min and plasma renin activity after 1 h standing, sitting or walking. Twenty-four hour urinary aldosterone excretion was also measured. 3. The measurements were repeated in the normotensive subjects and subjects in (a) and (b) above after 10 days of sodium-restricted diet (40 mmol of sodium/day). 4. The mean plasma renin activity (recumbent) in essential hypertensive subjects was higher than in normotensive subjects. In subjects of (a) and (b) above, it was lower than normotensive subjects, and was not increased by dietary sodium restriction in subjects of (a). 5. The mean aldosterone excretion level was lower in old normotensive subjects than in the other groups, and increased in each group after dietary sodium restriction. 6. Mean plasma volume/surface area was not different between the four groups and in normotensive, essential hypertensive and nephrectomized subjects but not subjects aged 70–90 years was negatively correlated with standing diastolic blood pressure.

Effect of ovariectomy on vasopressin, ACTH, and renin activity responses to hypotension

1991 ◽  
Vol 261 (1) ◽  
pp. R223-R230 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Keller-Wood ◽  
C. E. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Arginine Vasopressin ◽  
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Plasma Acth ◽  
Blood Samples

The gonadal axis is thought to modulate adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), arginine vasopressin (AVP), and plasma renin activity (PRA) responses to stimuli in several species. These experiments were designed to compare the responses to hypotension in chronically ovariectomized ewes and intact ewes. The ewes were infused with nitroprusside at rates of 5, 10, or 15 micrograms.kg-1.min-1 or infused with vehicle for 10 min. The response to 15 micrograms.kg-1.min-1 was also tested with or without treatment with 10 mg of dexamethasone 2 h before nitroprusside. Blood samples were collected before and at 5, 10, 15, 20, and 30 min after the start of the infusion for measurement of plasma ACTH, AVP, and PRA. In both groups of animals there were significant responses to hypotension. There was a significant effect of ovariectomy on ACTH, AVP, and PRA responses. ACTH and PRA responses were lower in the ovariectomized ewes; AVP responses were increased in the ovariectomized ewes. Administration of dexamethasone inhibited ACTH responses and did not inhibit PRA responses in both groups of ewes. Administration of dexamethasone did not inhibit the AVP response in the intact ewes but did reduce the response in the ovariectomized ewes.

Human cardiovascular and humoral responses to moderate muscle activation during dynamic exercise

2000 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 300-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeshi Nishiyasu ◽  
Kei Nagashima ◽  
Ethan R. Nadel ◽  
Gary W. Mack
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Arginine Vasopressin ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Dynamic Exercise ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Positive Pressure ◽  
Muscle Metaboreflex ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Ergometer Exercise

We examined the hypothesis that activation of the muscle metaboreflex during dynamic exercise would augment influences tending to cause a rise in arginine vasopressin, plasma renin activity, and catecholamines during dynamic exercise in humans. Ten healthy adults performed 30 min of supine cycle ergometer exercise at ∼50% of peak oxygen consumption with or without moderate muscle metaboreflex activation by application of 35 mmHg lower body positive pressure (LBPP). Application of LBPP during the first 15 or last 15 min of exercise increased mean arterial blood pressure, plasma lactate concentration, and minute ventilation, indicating an activation of the muscle metaboreflex. These changes were rapidly reversed when LBPP was removed. During exercise at this intensity, LBPP augmented the release of arginine vasopressin and catecholamines but not of plasma renin activity. These results suggest that, although in humans hormonal responses are induced by moderate activation of the muscle metaboreflex during dynamic exercise, the thresholds for these responses may not be uniform among the various glands and hormones.

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