Effect of Chronic Low-Dose Arginine Vasopressin Infusion on Body Fluid Homoeostasis during Adaptation from a High-to a Low-Sodium Diet in Normal Man

1993 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 465-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sutters ◽  
D. J. S. Carmichael ◽  
S. L. Lightman ◽  
W. S. Peart
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Arginine Vasopressin ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Plasma Sodium ◽  
Angiotensin I ◽  
Salt Restriction ◽  
Plasma Sodium Concentration ◽  
Plasma Arginine

1. A diuresis occurs within the first 36 h of salt restriction. A decline in plasma arginine vasopressin concentration may contribute to both the diuresis and antinatriuresis. 2. We have studied six normal human subjects during 36 h of dietary sodium restriction. In one study subjects received an intravenous infusion of D-glucose, and in the other an infusion of arginine vasopressin (6 fmol min−1 kg−1). 3. In the D-glucose phase plasma arginine vasopressin concentration fell (1.77 +034 to 1.02 +0.13 pg/ml), urine flow increased (67.9 +113 to 89.8 + 17.1 ml/h), haemoconcentration occurred (packed cell volume 40.8 +0.3 to 42.8 +03%, protein concentration 71.6 +03 to 74.5 + 0.6 g/l), plasma sodium concentration fell (140 +0.2 to 138 +0.2 mmol/l) and plasma renin activity increased (1600+153 to 3700 + 356 pg of angiotensin I h−1 ml−1). 4. In the arginine vasopressin phase plasma arginine vasopressin concentration remained constant (13 + 0.13 to 134 +0.11 pg/ml), the diuresis was reversed (65.7 +9.9 to 52.1 +8.9 ml/h), plasma sodium concentration fell further (139.8 +0.4 to 136.1 +0.4 mmol/l), the rise in plasma renin activity was reduced (arginine vasopressin 2552 + 292; D-glucose, 3700 + 356 pg of angiotensin I h−1 ml−1) and creatinine clearance was lower in the last 12 h of salt restriction (arginine vasopressin, 96.1 +6.9; D-glucose 116.5 + 6.8 ml/min). Renal sodium excretion was unaffected by arginine vasopressin infusion. 5. We conclude that the fall in plasma arginine vasopressin concentration during dietary salt restriction, whilst not affecting renal sodium excretion, may be important in the regulation of plasma sodium concentration, plasma renin activity and glomerular filtration.

Response of the renin-aldosterone system in the camel to acute dehydration

1978 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 926-930 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Finberg ◽  
R. Yagil ◽  
G. M. Berlyne
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Potassium Concentration ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Plasma Potassium ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Plasma Sodium ◽  
Hormonal Changes ◽  
Water Reabsorption ◽  
Renin Substrate ◽  
Plasma Sodium Concentration

Plasma renin activity (PRA), renin substrate concentration (PRS), aldosterone concentration (PA), and cortisol levels were determined in five camels during dehydration (8–10 days complete denial of water) and at timed intervals after rapid rehydration in cool spring and hot summer weather. Plasma sodium concentration increased from 138 +/- 3.7 to 147 +/- 2.5 (mean +/- SE) meq/l during spring dehydration, and from 146 +/- 1.3 to 157 +/- 1.14 meq/l during dehydration in the summer. Plasma sodium concentration returned to control levels over the course of several hours following rapid rehydration. Only minor changes in plasma potassium concentration occurred. The hormonal changes were accentuated in the summer dehydration. PRA increased slightly on dehydration, and returned to control levels over the course of several hours following rehydration. PA increased slightly on dehydration but was markedly elevated 24 h after rehydration. PRS showed a slight increase following rehydration in the spring experiment, but no significant change in the summer experiment. Changes in cortisol were insignificant. The results are consistent with a role for angiotensin and aldosterone in enhancing sodium and water reabsorption from kidney and large intestine on dehydration in this species.

HYPERALDOSTERONISM IN THE SODIUM-DEPLETED RAT: MECHANISM OF ALDOSTERONE STIMULATION BY PERITONEAL DIALYSIS WITH GLUCOSE SOLUTION

1979 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. SPÄT ◽  
K. NAGY ◽  
TARJÁN ÉVA
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Enzyme Inhibitor ◽  
Glucose Solution ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Plasma Sodium ◽  
Sodium Depletion ◽  
Total Body

SUMMARY Peritoneal dialysis with 5% glucose solution was carried out in dexamethasone-pretreated rats. Dialysis brought about a severe loss of sodium and a slight loss of potassium into the peritoneal fluid. This kind of sodium depletion took place without any decrease in total body-water space, thus it evoked a severe fall in plasma sodium concentration. Plasma renin activity and the serum concentration of aldosterone increased in response to dialysis. Peak values in renin activity were attained within 60 min, whereas aldosterone concentrations exhibited a continuous rise until at least 120 min. Despite the correlation of renin and aldosterone values, neither the administration of an angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibitor (SQ 20,881) nor the reduction of plasma renin activity by indomethacin could reduce hyperaldosteronism evoked by peritoneal dialysis. Therefore, it is assumed that there is no causal relationship between renin and aldosterone in this kind of acute, severe sodium depletion.

Plasma vasopressin and renin activity in women exposed to bed rest and +Gz acceleration

1976 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 911-914 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. C. Keil ◽  
S. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Arginine Vasopressin ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Bed Rest ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Marked Rise ◽  
Plasma Vasopressin ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Plasma Arginine

To study the effect of prolonged recumbency on plasma vasopressin and renin activity, eight women (23–34 yr) were subjected to 17 days of absolute bed rest. The +3 Gz tolerance of the subjects was tested before and after 14 days of bed rest. From day 2 and through day 17 of bed rest, plasma arginine vasopressin (AVP) levels were reduced 33%. Plasma renin activity (PRA) increased 91% (P less than 0.05) above ambulatory control values from days 10 through 15 of bed rest. When compared to precentrifuge values, exposure to +3 Gz prior to bed rest provoked a 20-fold rise (P less than 0.05) in mean plasma AVP but resulted in only a slight increase in PRA. After bed rest, acceleration increased plasma AVP 7-fold (P less than 0.02); however, the magnitude of this increase was less than the post +3Gz value obtained prior to bed rest. After bed rest, no significant rise was noted in PRA following +3 Gz. This study demonstrates that prolonged bed rest leads to a significant rise in the PRA of female subjects, while exposure to +Gz acceleration provokes a marked rise in plasma AVP.

Water and Electrolyte Composition of Urine and Ileal Fluid and Its Relationship to Renin and Aldosterone during Dietary Sodium Deprivation in Patients with Ileostomies

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 407-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Moss ◽  
D. Gordon ◽  
Mary L. Forsling ◽  
W. S. Peart ◽  
V. H. T. James ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Arginine Vasopressin ◽  
Potassium Concentration ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Plasma Aldosterone ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
Plasma Aldosterone Concentration ◽  
Water Composition ◽  
Plasma Arginine

1. The electrolyte and water composition of urine and ileal fluid was studied in six patients with ileostomies during dietary sodium deprivation and at the same time measurements were made of plasma renin activity, plasma aldosterone concentration, renal aldosterone excretion and plasma arginine vasopressin concentration. 2. In each subject there was a reduction in renal sodium excretion within 24 h of sodium deprivation. Significant rises in plasma renin activity, plasma aldosterone concentration and renal aldosterone excretion occurred by day 2 of sodium deprivation. 3. There was only modest conservation of sodium by the ileum during sodium deprivation, but ileal potassium concentration rose progressively. There were significant associations between ileal-fluid potassium concentration and plasma renin activity or renal aldosterone excretion. 4. Under the conditions of the experiment a diuresis was observed in each subject during dietary sodium deprivation. This did not appear to depend on changes in plasma arginine vasopressin concentration.

The Response of Arginine Vasopressin and Plasma Renin to Postural Change in Normal Man, with Observations on Syncope

1976 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy Davies ◽  
J. D. H. Slater ◽  
Mary L. Forsling ◽  
Nadia Payne
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Arginine Vasopressin ◽  
Plasma Osmolality ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Initial Rise ◽  
Constant Rate ◽  
Normal Man ◽  
Plasma Arginine

1. Fourteen mildly hydropenic normal volunteers were slowly tilted at a constant rate from the horizontal to the 85° head-up position in order to study the interrelationship between plasma arginine vasopressin concentration, plasma renin activity and the change of plasma volume. 2. Nine subjects did not develop vaso-vagal symptoms and were studied for 45–60 min. Arginine vasopressin rose biphasically in all subjects: a small initial rise, which was seen at 3 min and persisted for 30 min, was followed by a striking rise between 30 and 45 min, when the fall of plasma volume had reached its maximum (17%). 3. Plasma renin activity reached a maximum at 30 min but fell by 45 min, as plasma concentration of arginine vasopressin rose. 4. Five subjects developed vaso-vagal symptoms 4–24 min after reaching 85° when the study was terminated. A striking increase of arginine vasopressin concentration was seen within 4 min of syncope, but there was no change of plasma osmolality, cortisol concentration or renin activity.

Effect of Vasopressin on Plasma Volume and Renin Release in Man

1976 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 415-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Khokhär ◽  
J. D. H. Slater ◽  
Mary L. Forsling ◽  
N. N. Payne
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Arginine Vasopressin ◽  
Pressor Response ◽  
Plasma Osmolality ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Plasma Sodium ◽  
Plasma Protein Concentration

1. Arginine vasopressin was infused into seven healthy young male volunteers at 12·5 and 25 units/min for 1 h at each dose. Plasma renin activity fell sharply and progressively in each subject. The mean fall was 47% and 66% of the initial value at the end of the lower and higher rates of arginine vasopressin infusion respectively; over 70% of the observed fall in plasma renin activity occurred at the end of the first infusion period. 2. The majority of the plasma arginine vasopressin concentrations achieved were within the physiological range observed after fluid deprivation and orthostatic stress in man, particularly at the lower rate of infusion. 3. There was no change of arterial pressure, despite a slight bradycardia at the lower rate of infusion; at the higher rate of infusion, there was only a very slight pressor response. 4. There was a concomitant and significant fall of plasma protein concentration and peripheral venous packed cell volume without any significant change of plasma sodium concentration or plasma osmolality, implying an expansion of plasma volume. 5. The results indicate that, in man, physiologically relevant amounts of arginine vasopressin suppress the rate of renin secretion indirectly by increasing the plasma volume at the expense of the extravascular fluid volume.

VARIATIONS IN PLASMA RENIN ACTIVITY AND URINARY ALDOSTERONE EXCRETION IN NORMAL SUBJECTS AFTER SALT RESTRICTION AND ACUTE PITUITARY INHIBITION WITH 6-DEHYDRO-16-METHYLENE HYDROCORTISONE

1971 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-173
Author(s):  
A. Peytremann ◽  
R. Veyrat ◽  
A. F. Muller
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Sodium Balance ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Salt Restriction ◽  
Aldosterone Production

ABSTRACT Variations in plasma renin activity and urinary aldosterone excretion were studied in normal subjects submitted to salt restriction and simultaneous inhibition of ACTH production with a new synthetic steroid, 6-dehydro-16-methylene hydrocortisone (STC 407). At a dose of 10 mg t. i. d. this preparation exerts an inhibitory effect on the pituitary comparable to that of 2 mg of dexamethasone. In subjects maintained on a restricted salt intake, STC 407 does not delay the establishment of an equilibrium in sodium balance. The increases in endogenous aldosterone production and in plasma renin activity are also similar to those seen in the control subjects. A possible mineralocorticoid effect of STC 407 can be excluded. Under identical experimental conditions, the administration of dexamethasone yielded results comparable to those obtained with STC 407.

Effect of enalapril (MK-421), an orally active angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibitor, on blood pressure, active and inactive plasma renin, urinary prostaglandin E2, and kallikrein excretion in conscious rats

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernesto L. Schiffrin ◽  
Jolanta Gutkowska ◽  
Gaétan Thibault ◽  
Jacques Genest
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Ace Inhibition ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Prostaglandin E ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Angiotensin I ◽  
Angiotensin I Converting Enzyme

The angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor enalapril (MK-421), at a dose of 1 mg/kg or more by gavage twice daily, effectively inhibited the pressor response to angiotensin I for more than 12 h and less than 24 h. Plasma renin activity (PRA) did not change after 2 or 4 days of treatment at 1 mg/kg twice daily despite effective ACE inhibition, whereas it rose significantly at 10 mg/kg twice daily. Blood pressure fell significantly and heart rate increased in rats treated with 10 mg/kg of enalapril twice daily, a response which was abolished by concomitant angiotensin II infusion. However, infusion of angiotensin II did not prevent the rise in plasma renin. Enalapril treatment did not change urinary immunorcactive prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) excretion and indomethacin did not modify plasma renin activity of enalapril-treated rats. Propranolol significantly reduced the rise in plasma renin in rats receiving enalapril. None of these findings could be explained by changes in the ratio of active and inactive renin. Water diuresis, without natriuresis and with a decrease in potassium urinary excretion, occurred with the higher dose of enalapril. Enalapril did not potentiate the elevation of PRA in two-kidney one-clip Goldblatt hypertensive rats. In conclusion, enalapril produced renin secretion, which was in part β-adrenergically mediated. The negative short feedback loop of angiotensin II and prostaglandins did not appear to be involved. A vasodilator effect, apparently independent of ACE inhibition, was found in intact conscious sodium-replete rats.

Renin, aldosterone, electrolyte, and cortisol responses to hypoxic decompression

1977 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 421-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Sutton ◽  
G. W. Viol ◽  
G. W. Gray ◽  
M. McFadden ◽  
P. M. Keane
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Acute Mountain Sickness ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Plasma Aldosterone ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Plasma Sodium ◽  
Plasma Aldosterone Concentration ◽  
Urinary Potassium ◽  
Mountain Sickness

Responses of plasma renin activity, plasma aldosterone, plasma cortisol, and plasma electrolyte concentration and urinary electrolyte and aldosterone excretion were studied in four men during hypoxic decompression to a stimulated altitude of 4,760 m in a pressure chamber. Three of the four subjects developed significant acute mountain sickness. Plasma sodium and potassium concentrations were unchanged. No significant change in plasma renin activity was observed, but values tended to fall. Plasma aldosterone concentration was depressed while plasma cortisol was elevated and diurnal variation lost. Urinary sodium excretion was unchanged, but urinary potassium and aldosterone excretion were decreased. The decrease in plasma and urinary aldosterone and urinary potassium in the absence of change in plasma renin activity or plasma potassium is of uncertain origin. It is unlikely to be due to a decrease in adrenocorticotropin secretion since plasma cortisol rose during the same time. None of the changes could be causally implicated in the development of acute mountain sickness although the increase in plasma cortisol was greatest in the most ill.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document