The Urinary Excretion of Catecholamines and Their Derivatives in Primary Hypertension in Man

1977 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. Bing ◽  
J. Harlow ◽  
A. J. Smith ◽  
M. M. Townshend
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
High Plasma ◽  
Plasma Catecholamine ◽  
Elevated Blood ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Catecholamine Excretion ◽  
Normotensive Subjects ◽  
Plasma Catecholamine Concentrations

1. The 24 h urinary excretion of adrenaline, noradrenaline, normetadrenaline, metadrenaline and vanilloylmandelic acid has been compared in 17 male normotensive subjects and 25 age-matched male hypertensive patients studied under similar in-patient conditions. 2. 24 h urinary metadrenaline was significantly lower in the hypertensive patients. With this exception, no significant differences were found between the two groups when the total 24 h excretion of free catecholamines and their metabolites was analysed. 3. Diurnal variation in free catecholamine excretion was found in both normotensive and hypertensive subjects. There was no corresponding variation in metabolite excretion. 4. No correlation could be established between systolic or diastolic blood pressure and the amounts of the catecholamines or their metabolites in the urine of either group. 5. The results are considered in the light of recent work demonstrating high plasma catecholamine concentrations in hypertension. They lend no support to the concept that excessive circulating catecholamines are responsible for the elevated blood pressure in essential hypertension.

Essential hypertension: Diagnosis, assessment, and treatment

2020 ◽  
pp. 3753-3778
Author(s):  
Bryan Williams ◽  
John D. Firth
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Severe Hypertension ◽  
Target Organ Damage ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
Target Organ ◽  
Elevated Blood ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Assessment And Treatment ◽  
Hypertension Diagnosis

Essential hypertension is invariably symptomless and usually detected by routine screening or opportunistic measurement of blood pressure. However, once a patient has been labelled as ‘hypertensive’ it is not uncommon for them to associate preceding symptoms to their elevated blood pressure. Some patients will claim that they can recognize when their blood pressure is elevated, usually on the basis of symptoms such as plethoric features, palpitations, dizziness, or a feeling of tension. Screening surveys have demonstrated that these symptoms occur no more commonly in untreated hypertensive patients than they do in the normotensive population. However, there are two important caveats to the symptomless nature of essential hypertension: (1) symptoms may develop as a consequence of target organ damage, (2) headache may be a feature of severe hypertension.

Plasma Noradrenaline Concentration and α-Adrenoceptor-Mediated Vasoconstriction in Normotensive and Hypertensive Man

1981 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 483-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Kiowski ◽  
F. R. Bühler ◽  
P. Vanbrummelen ◽  
F. W. Amann
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Vascular Resistance ◽  
Sympathetic Activity ◽  
Plasma Noradrenaline ◽  
Arterial Infusion ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Noradrenaline Concentration ◽  
Normotensive Subjects ◽  
Control Plasma

1. Plasma noradrenaline concentrations and blood pressure were measured in 45 patients with essential hypertension and 34 matched normotensive subjects. Plasma noradrenaline was similar in both groups, but in the hypertensive patients plasma noradrenaline correlated with blood pressure. 2. The increase in forearm flow in response to an intra-arterial infusion of phentolamine was determined in 12 of the hypertensive and 14 of the normotensive subjects to assess the α-adrenoceptor-mediated component of vascular resistance. Although the dilator response to phentolamine was similar in both groups, in the hypertensive patients it was correlated with the control plasma noradrenaline (r = 0.83, P<0.01) as well as the height of mean blood pressure (r = 0.73, P<0.01). 3. These results suggest that in hypertensive patients plasma noradrenaline can be a marker for both sympathetic activity and the α-adrenoceptor-mediated component of vascular resistance.

Significance of Increase in Labelled Albumin Disappearance Rate in Arterial Hypertension

1976 ◽  
Vol 51 (s3) ◽  
pp. 211s-213s
Author(s):  
M. Ulrych ◽  
Z. Ulrych
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Disappearance Rate ◽  
Reference Standard ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Volume Blood ◽  
Normotensive Subjects ◽  
Normotensive Control

1. Relationships between labelled albumin disappearance rate (LADR), plasma volume, blood volume, plasma renin activity (PRA) and blood pressure (BP) were studied in normotensive control subjects and patients with hypertension of different aetiology and severity. In essential hypertensive patients without complications an inverse linear relationship was found between blood pressure and plasma or blood volume. 2. Very close inverse correlations were found between LADR and PRA in both normotensive subjects and patients with uncomplicated essential hypertension. LADR appears to be an excellent reference standard for PRA. 3. It is postulated that LADR mainly reflects the relation between circulating fluid and vascular capacitance tone. LADR is increased in hypertension and blood volume may still be inappropriately high.

The Antihypertensive and Renal Activities of Potassium Canrenoate are Associated with Increased Renal Prostaglandin Excretion

1989 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Castellani ◽  
Luca Scarti ◽  
Ji Lin Chen ◽  
Attilio Del Rosso ◽  
Marino Carnovali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Prostaglandin E2 ◽  
Prostaglandin F2α ◽  
Prostaglandin Synthesis ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Potassium Canrenoate ◽  
Normotensive Subjects

1. In a double-blind, randomized, cross-over study the effects of potassium canrenoate administration (100 mg twice daily for 10 days orally) on renal prostaglandin synthesis (prostaglandin E2 and prostaglandin F2α) were evaluated in 10 normotensive females and in 10 females with essential hypertension. 2. When compared with normotensive subjects, hypertensive patients in baseline conditions showed a reduced excretion of urinary prostaglandin E2 associated with an excessive prostaglandin F2α production. 3. Potassium canrenoate significantly reduced mean blood pressure in hypertensive patients [from 118.9 ± 8.7 mmHg (1.62 ± 0.12 kPa) to a peak minimum value of 104.7 ± 9.8 mmHg (1.42 ± 0.13 kPa) on the seventh day of treatment; P < 0.01 for the whole period] but not in control subjects [from 88 ± 9.4 mmHg (1.20 ± 0.13 kPa) to 84.3 ± 8.3 mmHg (1.15 ± 0.11 kPa) on the eighth day, NS] even though potassium canrenoate significantly increased sodium excretion in both groups. Renal prostaglandin excretion was affected differently in the two groups: in control subjects excretion of both prostaglandin E2 and prostaglandin F2α was increased after drug administration, whereas in hypertensive patients only prostaglandin E2 excretion was enhanced.

Low Urinary Kallikrein Excretion and Elevated Blood Pressure Normalized by Orally Applied Kallikrein in Essential Hypertension

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (s5) ◽  
pp. 263s-265s ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Overlack ◽  
K. O. Stumpe ◽  
C. Ressel ◽  
F. Krück
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Elevated Blood Pressure ◽  
Urinary Kallikrein ◽  
Elevated Blood ◽  
Kinin System ◽  
Borderline Hypertension ◽  
Low Sodium Diet ◽  
Urinary Kallikrein Excretion ◽  
Normotensive Subjects

1. Urinary kallikrein was measured in 67 patients with essential hypertension and 25 normotensive subjects variously on unrestricted and low sodium diet. Also, the effect of orally applied hog pancreatic kallikrein on elevated blood pressure and kallikrein excretion was evaluated. 2. Urinary kallikrein was reduced in a large subgroup of patients with sustained essential hypertension. 3. With salt restriction, urinary kallikrein rose markedly in normotensive subjects and patients with borderline hypertension but not in those with sustained hypertension. 4. Oral kallikrein normalized reduced kallikrein excretion and lowered elevated blood pressure. 5. The rise in urinary kallikrein with oral kallikrein was due to an increased formation of endogenous enzyme. 6. A defective kallikrein—kinin system may be involved in both the low urinary kallikrein excretion and the hypertension.

An Increase in a Circulating Inhibitor of Na+,K+-Dependent ATPase: A Possible Link between Salt Intake and the Development of Essential Hypertension

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (s7) ◽  
pp. 17s-20s ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. MacGregor ◽  
S. Fenton ◽  
J. Alaghband-Zadeh ◽  
N. D. Markandu ◽  
J. E. Roulston ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Sodium Transport ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Diastolic Pressure ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Dependent Atpase ◽  
Normotensive Subjects

1. The plasma's ability to stimulate guinea-pig renal glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) in vitro was measured by a cytochemical technique in 23 normotensive subjects and 19 patients with hypertension, all of whom were studied on their normal sodium intake. The ability of plasma to stimulate renal G6PD was significantly (P &lt; 0.001) increased in the hypertensive patients (mean 195 ± 52 units/ml) compared with the normotensive subjects (mean 22.2 ± 5.8 units/ml). In all 42 individuals, there was a significant correlation between diastolic pressure and the ability of plasma to stimulate G6PD (r = 0.69 P &lt; 0.001). 2. The ability of plasma to stimulate G6PD was greatest in the hypertensive patients with values of plasma renin activity below the normal range. In the normotensive subjects the ability of plasma to stimulate G6PD was significantly greater in the older subjects. 3. As the ability of plasma to stimulate G6PD reflects its ability to inhibit Na+,K+-dependent ATPase, these results suggest that patients with essential hypertension have an increase in a circulating inhibitor of Na+,K+-ATPase. The results support the hypothesis that a rise in a circulating sodium transport inhibitor may, in part, be responsible for the rise in blood pressure in essential hypertension, and may form the link between salt intake, abnormalities of sodium transport and a rise in blood pressure.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Sympathetic Nerve Function Status in Hypertensive Patients

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-43
Author(s):  
Rehnuma Tabassum ◽  
Sangita Mithun ◽  
SM Nurul Irfan
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Autonomic Nerve ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Nerve Function ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Cardiovascular Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Normotensive Subjects

Introduction: Hypertension is independent and the most powerful predictor of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Sympathetic overdrive may be related to essential hypertension. Heart Rate Variability (HRV) analysis is one of the most quantitative markers of autonomic activity in hypertensive patients. Objective: To assess the cardiac autonomic nerve function status by heart rate variability in essential hypertension. Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was carried out to observe the HRV in 60 hypertensive male patients with age ranging from 40-60 years (group B) in the Department of Physiology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) from 1st July 2008 to 30th June 2009. Based on treatment, hypertensive patients were divided into B1 (untreated patients on their 1st day of diagnosis) and B2 (patients with antihypertensive therapy for less than 5 years). For comparison, 30 apparently healthy normotensive subjects (group A) matched by age sex were also studied. The study group was selected from the Out Patient Department of Cardiology, BSMMU, Dhaka and the control group was selected by personal contact. Heart Rate Variability parameters were assessed by Polygraph (RMS Polyrite D, version2.2) and for statistical analysis Independent sample t-test, One-way ANOVA test, Chi-square test and Pearson’s correlation coefficient tests were done as applicable. Results: LF/HF(Low Frequency/High Frequency) ratio and LF norm (normalized unit) were significantly (p<0.001) higher and HF norm was significantly (p<0.001) lower in untreated hypertensive patients in comparison to those of healthy normotensive subjects. parameters were observed between treated hypertensive and healthy control subjects. The LF/HF ratio and LF norm showed positive correlations and HF norm showed negative correlations with SBP (systolic blood pressure) and DBP (diastolic blood pressure) in both the hypertensive groups. However, all these findings were more marked in untreated hypertensive patients than those of treated group. Conclusion: Hypertensive patients may have sympathovagal imbalance and is usually characterized by higher sympathetic as well as lower vagal modulation of the heart rate. Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.12(1) 2016: 38-43

Decreased Platelet-Free Dopamine and Unchanged Noradrenaline and Adrenaline in Essential Hypertension

1988 ◽  
Vol 60 (02) ◽  
pp. 251-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
S E Kjeldsen ◽  
K Gjesdal ◽  
P Leren ◽  
I K Eide
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Blood Platelets ◽  
Plasma Catecholamine ◽  
Catecholamine Synthesis ◽  
Hypertensive Group ◽  
Plasma Catecholamine Concentrations ◽  
Noradrenaline And Adrenaline ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Normotensive Control

SummaryThe content of free-catecholamines in blood platelets is much higher than in plasma and platelet catecholamines must be taken up from plasma, since platelets lack the enzymes for catecholamine synthesis. There is some evidence that platelet catecholamine content under certain circumstances may be an integrated measure of plasma catecholamine concentrations over time. Platelet-free catecholamines were therefore assayed in 18 untreated patients with essential hypertension and in 16 normotensive control subjects. Mean platelet-free dopamine in the hypertensive group was 3.7 ± 0.4 pg/mg platelet weight, i.e. significantly less than the 6.5 ± 0.9 pg/mg found in the normotensive (p <0.005). Platelet contents of noradrenaline and adrenaline did not differ. Decreased platelet-free dopamine and unchanged platelet noradrenaline and adrenaline persisted after adjustment for increased body weight in the hypertensive group. Although the reasons for decreased platelet-free dopamine in the hypertensive group remain unknown, this finding may add to previous result showing facilitated release of granular contents from blood platelets in patients with essential hypertension. Our data do not support platelet levels of free-catecholamines to be a marker of increased sympathetic tone in essential hypertension.

The effectiveness of differentiated treatment of patients with essential hypertension

1982 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-21
Author(s):  
Yu. A. Panfilov ◽  
N. N. Kryukov ◽  
E. D. Baibursyan
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Beta Blocker ◽  
Hypotensive Effect ◽  
Blood System ◽  
Differential Treatment ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Bed Days

Abstract. Depending on the hemodynamic type and state of the kallikreinkinin 'blood system, differential treatment of 246 hypertensive patients was carried out using the beta-blocker anaprilin and the peripheral arteriolar vasodilator apressin. A pronounced hypotensive effect was observed in 82.5% of patients. In patients who underwent differential treatment, a decrease in blood pressure was observed 3.2 days earlier than in patients who were treated empirically; hospitalization terms were reduced by an average of 2.5 bed-days.

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