The Antihypertensive and Renal Activities of Potassium Canrenoate are Associated with Increased Renal Prostaglandin Excretion

1989 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Castellani ◽  
Luca Scarti ◽  
Ji Lin Chen ◽  
Attilio Del Rosso ◽  
Marino Carnovali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Prostaglandin E2 ◽  
Prostaglandin F2α ◽  
Prostaglandin Synthesis ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Potassium Canrenoate ◽  
Normotensive Subjects

1. In a double-blind, randomized, cross-over study the effects of potassium canrenoate administration (100 mg twice daily for 10 days orally) on renal prostaglandin synthesis (prostaglandin E2 and prostaglandin F2α) were evaluated in 10 normotensive females and in 10 females with essential hypertension. 2. When compared with normotensive subjects, hypertensive patients in baseline conditions showed a reduced excretion of urinary prostaglandin E2 associated with an excessive prostaglandin F2α production. 3. Potassium canrenoate significantly reduced mean blood pressure in hypertensive patients [from 118.9 ± 8.7 mmHg (1.62 ± 0.12 kPa) to a peak minimum value of 104.7 ± 9.8 mmHg (1.42 ± 0.13 kPa) on the seventh day of treatment; P < 0.01 for the whole period] but not in control subjects [from 88 ± 9.4 mmHg (1.20 ± 0.13 kPa) to 84.3 ± 8.3 mmHg (1.15 ± 0.11 kPa) on the eighth day, NS] even though potassium canrenoate significantly increased sodium excretion in both groups. Renal prostaglandin excretion was affected differently in the two groups: in control subjects excretion of both prostaglandin E2 and prostaglandin F2α was increased after drug administration, whereas in hypertensive patients only prostaglandin E2 excretion was enhanced.

scholarly journals Effects of combined statin and ACE inhibitor therapy on endothelial function and blood pressure in essential hypertension - a randomised double-blind, placebo controlled crossover study

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 147032031986889 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Ruszkowski ◽  
Anna Masajtis-Zagajewska ◽  
Michał Nowicki
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Enzyme Inhibitor ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Reactive Protein

Background: The aim of this study was to compare the influence of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitors on endothelial function and blood pressure in patients with essential hypertension on long-term angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor therapy. Method: The study was designed as a prospective, double-blind, randomised, placebo controlled, crossover clinical trial. Twenty patients with essential hypertension were treated with an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; the control group included 10 healthy subjects. Hypertensive patients received in random order 80 mg of fluvastatin daily or placebo for 6 weeks. The following parameters were assessed at baseline and after each treatment period: serum lipids, flow-mediated vasodilation, activity of von Willebrand factor, concentration of vascular endothelial growth factor, C-reactive protein and 24-hour blood pressure profile. Results: Hypertensive patients did not differ from healthy subjects with respect to age, body mass and biochemical parameters, with the exception of C-reactive protein, which was higher in hypertensive patients ( P=0.02). After statin therapy, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( P<0.0001), C-reactive protein ( P=0.03), von Willebrand factor ( P=0.03) and vascular endothelial growth factor ( P<0.01) decreased and flow-mediated vasodilation improved ( P<0.001). Statins had no significant effect on blood pressure. Conclusions: Statins added to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors may improve endothelial function and ameliorate inflammation independently of blood pressure.

Clinical Evaluation of Atenolol in Hypertension

1976 ◽  
Vol 51 (s3) ◽  
pp. 513s-515s
Author(s):  
L. Hansson ◽  
B. E. Karlberg ◽  
H. Åberg ◽  
A. Westerlund ◽  
N. C. Henningsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Blocking Agent ◽  
Long Term Results ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Obstructive Airways Disease ◽  
Blind Comparison

1. Atenolol (ICI 66.082, Tenormin) is a new β-adrenoreceptor-blocking agent, devoid of intrinsic sympathomimetic and membrane-stabilizing properties. It does not cross the blood—brain barrier. 2. Atenolol given to hypertensive patients in initial open trials reduced arterial blood pressure significantly. 3. A double-blind comparison between atenolol and placebo in forty-five patients with essential hypertension demonstrated that atenolol gave a statistically significant reduction of blood pressure (Δ 28/15 mmHg, P < 0·005). 4. The optimum anti-hypertensive dose of atenolol in patients with mild to moderately severe essential hypertension was 200 mg daily. 5. Atenolol was compared with propranolol in thirty patients with essential hypertension. No statistically significant differences of anti-hypertensive effect were observed between the two drugs. 6. Long-term results (up to 2 years) in 117 hypertensive patients indicate that drug tolerance is good. No serious toxic effects were observed. 7. In four of twelve hypertensive patients with obstructive airways disease atenolol had to be withdrawn owing to deterioration of ventilatory function.

Relation of Plasma Noradrenaline to Blood Pressure, Age, Sex and Sodium Balance in Patients with Stable Essential Hypertension and in Normotensive Subjects

1978 ◽  
Vol 55 (s4) ◽  
pp. 81s-83s ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. Brecht ◽  
W. Schoeppe
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Plasma Noradrenaline ◽  
Sodium Balance ◽  
Creatinine Ratio ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Normotensive Subjects ◽  
Normotensive Control

1. Plasma noradrenaline was measured in 125 patients with stable essential hypertension (WHO I—II) and in 107 normotensive control subjects lying and standing. 2. In normotensive subjects and in patients with essential hypertension no sex-related differences of plasma noradrenaline were found between age-matched groups. 3. Plasma noradrenaline was not related to sodium balance indexed by urinary sodium/creatinine ratio. 4. In patients with essential hypertension plasma noradrenaline increases with age. 5. Mean plasma noradrenaline concentrations are significantly higher in patients with essential hypertension compared with age-matched normotensive subjects both lying and standing. 6. In patients with essential hypertension diastolic blood pressure and heart rate correlated significantly with supine plasma noradrenaline concentrations.

Plasma Noradrenaline Concentration and α-Adrenoceptor-Mediated Vasoconstriction in Normotensive and Hypertensive Man

1981 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 483-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Kiowski ◽  
F. R. Bühler ◽  
P. Vanbrummelen ◽  
F. W. Amann
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Vascular Resistance ◽  
Sympathetic Activity ◽  
Plasma Noradrenaline ◽  
Arterial Infusion ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Noradrenaline Concentration ◽  
Normotensive Subjects ◽  
Control Plasma

1. Plasma noradrenaline concentrations and blood pressure were measured in 45 patients with essential hypertension and 34 matched normotensive subjects. Plasma noradrenaline was similar in both groups, but in the hypertensive patients plasma noradrenaline correlated with blood pressure. 2. The increase in forearm flow in response to an intra-arterial infusion of phentolamine was determined in 12 of the hypertensive and 14 of the normotensive subjects to assess the α-adrenoceptor-mediated component of vascular resistance. Although the dilator response to phentolamine was similar in both groups, in the hypertensive patients it was correlated with the control plasma noradrenaline (r = 0.83, P<0.01) as well as the height of mean blood pressure (r = 0.73, P<0.01). 3. These results suggest that in hypertensive patients plasma noradrenaline can be a marker for both sympathetic activity and the α-adrenoceptor-mediated component of vascular resistance.

The Urinary Excretion of Catecholamines and Their Derivatives in Primary Hypertension in Man

1977 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. Bing ◽  
J. Harlow ◽  
A. J. Smith ◽  
M. M. Townshend
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
High Plasma ◽  
Plasma Catecholamine ◽  
Elevated Blood ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Catecholamine Excretion ◽  
Normotensive Subjects ◽  
Plasma Catecholamine Concentrations

1. The 24 h urinary excretion of adrenaline, noradrenaline, normetadrenaline, metadrenaline and vanilloylmandelic acid has been compared in 17 male normotensive subjects and 25 age-matched male hypertensive patients studied under similar in-patient conditions. 2. 24 h urinary metadrenaline was significantly lower in the hypertensive patients. With this exception, no significant differences were found between the two groups when the total 24 h excretion of free catecholamines and their metabolites was analysed. 3. Diurnal variation in free catecholamine excretion was found in both normotensive and hypertensive subjects. There was no corresponding variation in metabolite excretion. 4. No correlation could be established between systolic or diastolic blood pressure and the amounts of the catecholamines or their metabolites in the urine of either group. 5. The results are considered in the light of recent work demonstrating high plasma catecholamine concentrations in hypertension. They lend no support to the concept that excessive circulating catecholamines are responsible for the elevated blood pressure in essential hypertension.

Significance of Increase in Labelled Albumin Disappearance Rate in Arterial Hypertension

1976 ◽  
Vol 51 (s3) ◽  
pp. 211s-213s
Author(s):  
M. Ulrych ◽  
Z. Ulrych
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Disappearance Rate ◽  
Reference Standard ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Volume Blood ◽  
Normotensive Subjects ◽  
Normotensive Control

1. Relationships between labelled albumin disappearance rate (LADR), plasma volume, blood volume, plasma renin activity (PRA) and blood pressure (BP) were studied in normotensive control subjects and patients with hypertension of different aetiology and severity. In essential hypertensive patients without complications an inverse linear relationship was found between blood pressure and plasma or blood volume. 2. Very close inverse correlations were found between LADR and PRA in both normotensive subjects and patients with uncomplicated essential hypertension. LADR appears to be an excellent reference standard for PRA. 3. It is postulated that LADR mainly reflects the relation between circulating fluid and vascular capacitance tone. LADR is increased in hypertension and blood volume may still be inappropriately high.

Reduced Plasma Renin Activity in Essential Hypertension: Effects of Blood Pressure, Age and Sodium

1976 ◽  
Vol 51 (s3) ◽  
pp. 185s-188s ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. Thomas ◽  
J. G. G. Ledingham ◽  
L. J. Beilin ◽  
A. N. Stott
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Significant Inverse Relationship ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
And Control

1. Supine plasma renin activity and its responsiveness to erect posture and frusemide were reduced in fifty-one patients with essential hypertension, compared with fifty-one age- and sex-matched control subjects. 2. Twenty-four hour urinary sodium excretion was similar in hypertensive patients and control subjects, but after intravenous frusemide hypertensive patients excreted significantly less sodium. 3. A significant inverse relationship between plasma renin activity and diastolic blood pressure was demonstrated in hypertensive patients and in normotensive control subjects. 4. A significant inverse relationship between plasma renin activity and age, independent of blood pressure, was shown in hypertensive patients and control subjects. 5. It is concluded that the reduced renin values found in essential hypertension are, in part, the result of the elevated blood pressure acting on the kidney.

Plasma Catecholamines and Renin Activity in Response to Exercise in Patients with Essential Hypertension

1975 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 511-514
Author(s):  
J. Chodakowska ◽  
K. Nazar ◽  
B. Wocial ◽  
M. Jarecki ◽  
B. Skórka
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Plasma Catecholamines ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Work Load ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Plasma Noradrenaline ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Control Subjects

1. The effect of physical exercise on blood pressure, plasma catecholamines and plasma renin activity was studied in fourteen patients with essential hypertension and in eight healthy subjects. 2. Resting plasma noradrenaline and adrenaline and plasma renin activity of the hypertensive patients did not differ from those of the control subjects. 3. In response to graded exercise producing successive heart rates of 120, 140 and 160 beats/min, significantly greater increases of blood pressure were found in the patients than in the control subjects. 4. Plasma noradrenaline increased significantly in both groups at all levels of exercise, the responses being significantly greater in the hypertensive patients. 5. The mean arterial blood pressure was significantly correlated with plasma noradrenaline concentration in the control subjects but not in the hypertensive patients. 6. In the hypertensive group plasma adrenaline increased significantly after exercise at all work loads whereas, in the control group, significant increase occurred only at the highest work load. The differences in the response of the two groups were significant at each work load. 7. Plasma renin activity increased significantly after exercise at the heart rate of 120 beats/min, both in the hypertensive patients and in the control subjects. The magnitude of the response was similar in the two groups.

An Increase in a Circulating Inhibitor of Na+,K+-Dependent ATPase: A Possible Link between Salt Intake and the Development of Essential Hypertension

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (s7) ◽  
pp. 17s-20s ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. MacGregor ◽  
S. Fenton ◽  
J. Alaghband-Zadeh ◽  
N. D. Markandu ◽  
J. E. Roulston ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Sodium Transport ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Diastolic Pressure ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Dependent Atpase ◽  
Normotensive Subjects

1. The plasma's ability to stimulate guinea-pig renal glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) in vitro was measured by a cytochemical technique in 23 normotensive subjects and 19 patients with hypertension, all of whom were studied on their normal sodium intake. The ability of plasma to stimulate renal G6PD was significantly (P &lt; 0.001) increased in the hypertensive patients (mean 195 ± 52 units/ml) compared with the normotensive subjects (mean 22.2 ± 5.8 units/ml). In all 42 individuals, there was a significant correlation between diastolic pressure and the ability of plasma to stimulate G6PD (r = 0.69 P &lt; 0.001). 2. The ability of plasma to stimulate G6PD was greatest in the hypertensive patients with values of plasma renin activity below the normal range. In the normotensive subjects the ability of plasma to stimulate G6PD was significantly greater in the older subjects. 3. As the ability of plasma to stimulate G6PD reflects its ability to inhibit Na+,K+-dependent ATPase, these results suggest that patients with essential hypertension have an increase in a circulating inhibitor of Na+,K+-ATPase. The results support the hypothesis that a rise in a circulating sodium transport inhibitor may, in part, be responsible for the rise in blood pressure in essential hypertension, and may form the link between salt intake, abnormalities of sodium transport and a rise in blood pressure.

Renal Haemodynamics and Plasma Renin in Patients with Essential Hypertension

1976 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 409-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. B. Pedersen ◽  
H. J. Kornerup
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Vascular Resistance ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Renal Vascular Resistance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Hypertensive Group ◽  
Renal Vascular

1. Blood pressure, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and renal plasma flow (RPF) were measured in twenty-three patients with essential hypertension and in twenty-one control subjects. Plasma renin concentration was measured in all the hypertensive patients and in fifteen control subjects. 2. GFR and RPF were similar in the hypertensive group and in the control group, whereas the renal vascular resistance was significantly higher in the hypertensive patients. GFR and RPF decreased with increasing blood pressure in both groups. Increasing age induced a further reduction in GFR and RPF in the control subjects but not in the hypertensive patients. 3. Plasma renin concentration in the hypertensive group did not differ from that in the control subjects. The concentration was not correlated to age in either the hypertensive or normal group. 4. Plasma renin index was positively correlated to GFR and RPF and inversely correlated to filtration fraction and renal vascular resistance. 5. It is concluded that GFR and RPF depend on blood pressure in both hypertensive patients and normotensive control subjects. In contrast to the control group, the age effect was negligible in the hypertensive group. It is suggested that renin release depends on changes in renal vascular resistance in the arterioles at the glomerulus and the results support the baroreceptor theory of renin release.

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