Factors Related to Potassium Transport in Chronic Stable Renal Disease in Man

1978 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 661-666
Author(s):  
T. Kahn ◽  
D. M. Kaji ◽  
G. Nicolis ◽  
L. R. Krakoff ◽  
R. M. Stein
Keyword(s):  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Renal Disease ◽  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Potassium Chloride ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Plasma Aldosterone ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Control Subjects

1. The inter-relationships between plasma aldosterone, plasma renin activity, potassium excretion and plasma potassium were evaluated in subjects with normal and decreased glomerular filtration rate. 2. In seven studies of healthy control subjects and 12 studies of patients with renal disease, daily urine collections, plasma aldosterone and plasma renin activity were measured on a free diet for 5–10 days and subsequently during the addition of 50 mmol of potassium chloride daily for 5 days. Plasma aldosterone was also measured in 22 hospital patients with normal glomerular filtration rate and 24 patients with reduced glomerular filtration rate. 3. Plasma aldosterone was similar in base-line conditions in patients with or without renal disease and increased similarly during the administration of potassium chloride, suggesting that potassium excretion in patients with reduced glomerular filtration rate probably does not depend primarily upon increased aldosterone. 4. Plasma renin activity increased similarly in control subjects and patients with renal disease during the administration of 50 mmol of potassium chloride/day, but plasma renin activity did not increase when 100 mmol of potassium chloride/day was given to control subjects. 5. With the administration of 50 mmol of potassium chloride/day mean daily potassium excretion increased similarly in control subjects and patients with renal disease but plasma potassium increased significantly (4·7 to 5·4 mmol/l) only in patients with renal disease, suggesting that their uptake of potassium into cells was impaired.

Global REACH 2018: Volume regulation in high-altitude Andeans with and without chronic mountain sickness

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew R. Steele ◽  
Michael M. Tymko ◽  
Victoria L. Meah ◽  
Lydia L Simpson ◽  
Christopher Gasho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Chronic Mountain Sickness ◽  
Plasma Aldosterone Concentration ◽  
Mountain Sickness

The high-altitude maladaptation syndrome known as chronic mountain sickness (CMS) is characterized by polycythemia and is associated with proteinuria despite unaltered glomerular filtration rate. However, it remains unclear if indigenous highlanders with CMS have altered volume regulatory hormones. We assessed N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT pro-BNP), plasma aldosterone concentration, plasma renin activity, kidney function (urinary microalbumin, glomerular filtration rate), blood volume, and estimated pulmonary artery systolic pressure (ePASP), in Andean males without (n=14; age=39±11) and with (n=10; age=40±12) CMS at 4330 meters (Cerro de Pasco, Peru). Plasma renin activity (non-CMS: 15.8±7.9 vs. CMS: 8.7±5.4 ng/ml; p=0.025) and plasma aldosterone concentration (non-CMS: 77.5±35.5 vs. CMS: 54.2±28.9 pg/ml; p=0.018) were lower in highlanders with CMS compared to non-CMS, while NT pro-BNP was not different between groups (non-CMS: 1394.9±214.3 vs. CMS: 1451.1±327.8 pg/ml; p=0.15). Highlanders had similar total blood volume (non-CMS: 90±15 vs. CMS: 103±18 ml • kg-1; p=0.071), but Andeans with CMS had greater total red blood cell volume (non-CMS: 46±10 vs. CMS 66±14 ml • kg-1; p<0.01) and smaller plasma volume (non-CMS 43±7 vs. CMS 35±5 ml • kg-1; p=0.03) compared to non-CMS. There were no differences in ePASP between groups (non-CMS 32±9 vs. CMS 31±8 mmHg; p=0.6). A negative correlation was found between plasma renin activity and glomerular filtration rate in both groups (group: r=-0.66; p<0.01; non-CMS: r=-0.60; p=0.022; CMS: r=-0.63; p=0.049). A smaller plasma volume in Andeans with CMS may indicate an additional CMS maladaptation to high-altitude, causing potentially greater polycythemia and clinical symptoms.

Role of renal nerves in response to volume expansion in conscious newborn lambs

1989 ◽  
Vol 257 (6) ◽  
pp. R1519-R1525 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. G. Smith ◽  
T. Sato ◽  
O. J. McWeeny ◽  
L. Torres ◽  
J. E. Robillard
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Atrial Natriuretic Factor ◽  
Volume Expansion ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Renal Nerves

The present study was designed to determine the influence of renal nerves in mediating the renal response to volume expansion in conscious newborn lambs. Bilateral renal denervation (n = 9) or sham surgery (n = 14) was carried out in newborn lambs 3 to 4 days before performing experiments. Lambs were between 6 and 12 days of age when studied. Chronic denervation did not alter basal neonatal renal function nor renal hemodynamics. Volume expansion with isotonic saline equal to 5% of body weight was associated with a fall in hematocrit and an increase in mean arterial blood pressure, glomerular filtration rate, urine flow rate, and Na+ excretion in intact and denervated lambs. In intact lambs, atrial natriuretic factor increased from 98 +/- 28 to 176 +/- 48 ng/ml during volume expansion and remained elevated for 1 h after volume expansion. In addition, plasma renin activity fell from 21 +/- 5 to 8 +/- 1 ng.ml-1.h-1 and aldosterone levels fell from 160 +/- 24 to 59 +/- 7 pg/ml by 150 min after the start of volume expansion. Similar changes in atrial natriuretic factor, plasma renin activity, and aldosterone were observed in denervated lambs. However, the increase in glomerular filtration rate, Na+ excretion, and fractional excretion of Na+ after volume expansion were significantly less in denervated than in intact lambs. Thus, in the newborn, the renal nerves do not appear to play a role in influencing basal renal hemodynamics and renal function but, as in the adult, the renal sympathetic nervous system does play a role in regulating fluid and electrolyte excretion during hypervolemia.

scholarly journals Effects of truncated angiotensins in humans after double blockade of the renin system

2003 ◽  
Vol 285 (5) ◽  
pp. R981-R991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronni R. Plovsing ◽  
Christian Wamberg ◽  
Niels C. F. Sandgaard ◽  
Jane A. Simonsen ◽  
Niels-Henrik Holstein-Rathlou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Plasma Aldosterone ◽  
Urinary Concentration ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
Ang Iv

Angiotensins different from ANG II exhibit biological activities, possibly mediated via receptors other than ANG II receptors. We studied the effects of 3-h infusions of ANG III, ANG-(1-7), and ANG IV in doses equimolar to physiological amounts of ANG II (3 pmol · kg-1 · min-1), in six men on low-sodium diet (30 mmol/day). The subjects were acutely pretreated with canrenoate and captopril to inhibit aldosterone actions and ANG II synthesis, respectively. ANG II infusion increased plasma angiotensin immunoreactivity to 53 ± 6 pg/ml (+490%), plasma aldosterone to 342 ± 38 pg/ml (+109%), and blood pressure by 27%. Glomerular filtration rate decreased by 16%. Concomitantly, clearance of endogenous lithium fell by 66%, and fractional proximal reabsorption of sodium increased from 77 to 92%; absolute proximal reabsorption rate of sodium remained constant. ANG II decreased sodium excretion by 70%, potassium excretion by 50%, and urine flow by 80%, whereas urine osmolality increased. ANG III also increased plasma aldosterone markedly (+45%), however, without measurable changes in angiotensin immunoreactivity, glomerular filtration rate, or renal excretion rates. During vehicle infusion, plasma renin activity decreased markedly (∼700 to ∼200 mIU/l); only ANG II enhanced this decrease. ANG-(1-7) and ANG IV did not change any of the measured variables persistently. It is concluded that 1) ANG III and ANG IV are cleared much faster from plasma than ANG II, 2) ANG II causes hypofiltration, urinary concentration, and sodium and potassium retention at constant plasma concentrations of vasopressin and atrial natriuretic peptide, and 3) a very small increase in the concentration of ANG III, undetectable by usual techniques, may increase aldosterone secretion substantially.

Unaltered dopaminergic modulation of aldosterone secretion in cirrhosis

1988 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Bernardi ◽  
Rossana De Palma ◽  
F. Trevisani ◽  
R. Malatesta ◽  
M. Baraldini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Sodium Excretion ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Plasma Aldosterone ◽  
Plasma Prolactin ◽  
Aldosterone Secretion ◽  
Renal Sodium Excretion ◽  
Cirrhotic Patients

1. The responses of plasma aldosterone and plasma prolactin concentrations to metoclopramide (10 mg intravenously) were evaluated over 2 h in eight healthy controls and in 23 patients with cirrhosis (10 without and 13 with ascites). Plasma renin activity, glomerular filtration rate and renal sodium excretion were also determined. 2. Metoclopramide did not significantly influence plasma renin activity, whereas both plasma aldosterone and plasma prolactin rose significantly. The incremental areas under the curves did not differ among controls and cirrhotic patients without and with ascites. No significant correlations between plasma prolactin and aldosterone, either under basal conditions or after metoclopramide administration, were found in either controls or patients. 3. Glomerular filtration rate did not change after metoclopramide. Renal sodium excretion in controls and cirrhotic patients without ascites was also unaffected, whereas it decreased significantly in cirrhotic patients with ascites. In the latter, renal sodium excretion was inversely correlated with plasma aldosterone both under basal conditions and after metoclopramide administration. 4. The dopaminergic control of aldosterone secretion does not appear to be significantly altered in cirrhosis. Metoclopramide administration to cirrhotic patients with ascites leads to an increase in plasma aldosterone that may enhance renal sodium retention.

The Effects of a Chronic Infusion of Arginine Vasopressin in Salt-Restricted, Water-Deprived Man

1984 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. T. Drew ◽  
J. N. Barnes ◽  
J. M. P. Holly ◽  
A. Knight ◽  
F. J. Goodwin
Keyword(s):  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Creatinine Clearance ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Arginine Vasopressin ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Fluid Retention ◽  
Plasma Aldosterone ◽  
Chronic Infusion

1. The effects of a 48 h infusion of arginine vasopressin (AVP) were measured in five separate studies on four normal salt-restricted physicians, in whom fluid retention was prevented. 2. The infusion was associated with an increase in renal sodium excretion which continued during the 24 h after the infusion had been discontinuted. 3. During the infusion plasma renin activity (PRA), plasma aldosterone and noradrenaline, and packed cell volume (PCV) fell; glomerular filtration rate, assessed by endogenous creatinine clearance, increased. 4. The findings are best explained by a vasopressin-induced increase in plasma volume, which in the absence of fluid retention is likely to have been due to a redistribution of body water.

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