Relation of Plasma Noradrenaline to Blood Pressure, Age, Sex and Sodium Balance in Patients with Stable Essential Hypertension and in Normotensive Subjects

1978 ◽  
Vol 55 (s4) ◽  
pp. 81s-83s ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. Brecht ◽  
W. Schoeppe
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Plasma Noradrenaline ◽  
Sodium Balance ◽  
Creatinine Ratio ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Normotensive Subjects ◽  
Normotensive Control

1. Plasma noradrenaline was measured in 125 patients with stable essential hypertension (WHO I—II) and in 107 normotensive control subjects lying and standing. 2. In normotensive subjects and in patients with essential hypertension no sex-related differences of plasma noradrenaline were found between age-matched groups. 3. Plasma noradrenaline was not related to sodium balance indexed by urinary sodium/creatinine ratio. 4. In patients with essential hypertension plasma noradrenaline increases with age. 5. Mean plasma noradrenaline concentrations are significantly higher in patients with essential hypertension compared with age-matched normotensive subjects both lying and standing. 6. In patients with essential hypertension diastolic blood pressure and heart rate correlated significantly with supine plasma noradrenaline concentrations.

Cardiovascular and Autonomic Reflexes in Haemodialysis Patients

1981 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. Naik ◽  
C. J. Mathias ◽  
C. A. Wilson ◽  
J. L. Reid ◽  
D. J. Warren
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Plasma Noradrenaline ◽  
Valsalva Manoeuvre ◽  
Induced Hypotension ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Head Up Tilt ◽  
And Control ◽  
Noradrenaline Levels

1. Blood pressure and heart rate responses to head-up tilt, standing, the Valsalva manoeuvre, sustained handgrip and cutaneous cold were measured in 27 haemodialysis patients (10 of whom had episodes of haemodialysis-induced hypotension) and 15 control subjects to assess autonomic nervous function. Plasma nor-adrenaline levels were measured at rest and during head-up tilt. 2. Mean resting supine blood pressure, heart rate and plasma noradrenaline levels were higher in haemodialysis patients than in the control subjects. There was no fall in blood pressure during head-up tilt or standing. The ratio of the R-R intervals of the thirtieth and the fifteenth heart beat after standing (30: 15) was lower in the patients; this may be related to their higher resting heart rate. Head-up tilt raised plasma noradrenaline levels in both groups. Heart rate responses to the Valsalva manoeuvre were similar in the patients and control subjects. 3. Systolic blood pressure and heart rate responses to sustained handgrip were similar in both groups. Diastolic and mean blood pressure changes, however, were lower in the patients. The blood pressure and heart rate responses to cutaneous cold were similar in the patients and control subjects. 4. We conclude that generalized autonomic nervous dysfunction does not appear to cause haemodialysis-induced hypotension in patients with chronic renal failure on maintenance haemodialysis.

Plasma Noradrenaline Concentration and α-Adrenoceptor-Mediated Vasoconstriction in Normotensive and Hypertensive Man

1981 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 483-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Kiowski ◽  
F. R. Bühler ◽  
P. Vanbrummelen ◽  
F. W. Amann
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Vascular Resistance ◽  
Sympathetic Activity ◽  
Plasma Noradrenaline ◽  
Arterial Infusion ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Noradrenaline Concentration ◽  
Normotensive Subjects ◽  
Control Plasma

1. Plasma noradrenaline concentrations and blood pressure were measured in 45 patients with essential hypertension and 34 matched normotensive subjects. Plasma noradrenaline was similar in both groups, but in the hypertensive patients plasma noradrenaline correlated with blood pressure. 2. The increase in forearm flow in response to an intra-arterial infusion of phentolamine was determined in 12 of the hypertensive and 14 of the normotensive subjects to assess the α-adrenoceptor-mediated component of vascular resistance. Although the dilator response to phentolamine was similar in both groups, in the hypertensive patients it was correlated with the control plasma noradrenaline (r = 0.83, P<0.01) as well as the height of mean blood pressure (r = 0.73, P<0.01). 3. These results suggest that in hypertensive patients plasma noradrenaline can be a marker for both sympathetic activity and the α-adrenoceptor-mediated component of vascular resistance.

Significance of Increase in Labelled Albumin Disappearance Rate in Arterial Hypertension

1976 ◽  
Vol 51 (s3) ◽  
pp. 211s-213s
Author(s):  
M. Ulrych ◽  
Z. Ulrych
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Disappearance Rate ◽  
Reference Standard ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Volume Blood ◽  
Normotensive Subjects ◽  
Normotensive Control

1. Relationships between labelled albumin disappearance rate (LADR), plasma volume, blood volume, plasma renin activity (PRA) and blood pressure (BP) were studied in normotensive control subjects and patients with hypertension of different aetiology and severity. In essential hypertensive patients without complications an inverse linear relationship was found between blood pressure and plasma or blood volume. 2. Very close inverse correlations were found between LADR and PRA in both normotensive subjects and patients with uncomplicated essential hypertension. LADR appears to be an excellent reference standard for PRA. 3. It is postulated that LADR mainly reflects the relation between circulating fluid and vascular capacitance tone. LADR is increased in hypertension and blood volume may still be inappropriately high.

Effects of Blood Pressure Reduction on the Structural Vascular Abnormality in Skin and Muscle Vascular Beds in Human Essential Hypertension

1976 ◽  
Vol 51 (s3) ◽  
pp. 77s-79s ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Sivertsson ◽  
L. Hansson
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Vascular Resistance ◽  
Patient Group ◽  
Maximal Dilatation ◽  
Vascular Abnormality ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Vascular Beds ◽  
Hypertensive Therapy ◽  
Normotensive Control

1. Vascular resistance at maximal vasodilatation was examined in two vascular beds in two groups of hypertensive patients and in normotensive control subjects before and during anti-hypertensive therapy in the hypertension groups. 2. In one group of twelve untreated patients with essential hypertension, examined with plethysmography and intra-arterial blood pressure recording, a significantly higher vascular resistance at maximal vasodilatation was found in the hands compared with normotensive control subjects matched for age, sex, weight and height. This indicated a structural vascular abnormality in the patient group. 3. After 5 years of anti-hypertensive therapy in the patient group the difference in vascular resistance between patients and control subjects had decreased significantly, indicating a reversibility of the structural vascular abnormality. 4. Vascular resistance at maximal vasodilatation was examined in the calves of twelve untreated patients with essential hypertension and fourteen normotensive control subjects. Plethysmographic technique and indirect blood pressure recordings were used. A significantly higher vascular resistance was found in patients than in control subjects, indicating a structural vascular abnormality also in this vascular bed. 5. Anti-hypertensive treatment for 6 months in the patient group did not change vascular resistance at maximal dilatation, indicating that the structural vascular abnormality remained. 6. During acute reduction of blood pressure in hypertension by means of trimethaphan infusion, blood pressure and blood flow to the hands were reduced proportionally with no change of vascular resistance at maximal vasodilatation. 7. This indicates that resistance at maximal dilatation was unaffected by the acute reduction of blood pressure, in contrast to the findings after prolonged reduction of blood pressure in this vascular bed.

Serum Dopamine β-Hydroxylase Activity in Essential Hypertension

1976 ◽  
Vol 51 (s3) ◽  
pp. 465s-467s ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Aoki ◽  
K. Tazumi ◽  
T. Yoshida ◽  
S. Kato ◽  
I. Sato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Hydroxylase Activity ◽  
Serum Enzyme ◽  
Serum Enzyme Activity ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Propranolol Administration ◽  
Normotensive Control

1. Serum dopamine β-hydroxylase activity was determined in normotensive control subjects and patients with labile or established essential hypertension. The enzyme activity was 25·9 ± 1·9 (sem), 29·6±2·5 and 25·1 ± 1·9 μmol min—1 1—1, for control, labile and established hypertensive subjects respectively. 2. Neither blood pressure nor serum dopamine β-hydroxylase activity was changed in normotensive control subjects by administration of phentolamine; however, in patients with essential hypertension blood pressure was significantly decreased (P < 0·01) and serum dopamine β-hydroxylase activity was slightly increased. With propranolol administration, blood pressure and the serum enzyme activity were not significantly changed in normotensive or hypertensive subjects. 3. Our results suggest that there is no correlation between serum dopamine β-hydroxylase activity and blood pressure.

Plasma Dopamine β-Hydroxylase and Noradrenaline Amounts in Essential Hypertension

1973 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 617-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. B. Geffen ◽  
R. A. Rush ◽  
W. J. Louis ◽  
A. E. Doyle
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Plasma Catecholamines ◽  
Plasma Noradrenaline ◽  
Elevated Blood Pressure ◽  
Elevated Blood ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous

1. Plasma dopamine β-hydroxylase (DβH) amounts were measured by radioimmunoassay in twenty-eight patients, twenty of whom had essential hypertension. There was a positive correlation between resting diastolic blood pressure and plasma DβH concentration. 2. Plasma DβH amounts also correlated significantly with those of plasma noradrenaline (NA) in individual patients. 3. These findings provide further support for the conclusions drawn from studies of plasma catecholamines that the sympathetic nervous system contributes toward the maintenance of the elevated blood pressure in essential hypertension.

The Antihypertensive and Renal Activities of Potassium Canrenoate are Associated with Increased Renal Prostaglandin Excretion

1989 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Castellani ◽  
Luca Scarti ◽  
Ji Lin Chen ◽  
Attilio Del Rosso ◽  
Marino Carnovali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Prostaglandin E2 ◽  
Prostaglandin F2α ◽  
Prostaglandin Synthesis ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Potassium Canrenoate ◽  
Normotensive Subjects

1. In a double-blind, randomized, cross-over study the effects of potassium canrenoate administration (100 mg twice daily for 10 days orally) on renal prostaglandin synthesis (prostaglandin E2 and prostaglandin F2α) were evaluated in 10 normotensive females and in 10 females with essential hypertension. 2. When compared with normotensive subjects, hypertensive patients in baseline conditions showed a reduced excretion of urinary prostaglandin E2 associated with an excessive prostaglandin F2α production. 3. Potassium canrenoate significantly reduced mean blood pressure in hypertensive patients [from 118.9 ± 8.7 mmHg (1.62 ± 0.12 kPa) to a peak minimum value of 104.7 ± 9.8 mmHg (1.42 ± 0.13 kPa) on the seventh day of treatment; P < 0.01 for the whole period] but not in control subjects [from 88 ± 9.4 mmHg (1.20 ± 0.13 kPa) to 84.3 ± 8.3 mmHg (1.15 ± 0.11 kPa) on the eighth day, NS] even though potassium canrenoate significantly increased sodium excretion in both groups. Renal prostaglandin excretion was affected differently in the two groups: in control subjects excretion of both prostaglandin E2 and prostaglandin F2α was increased after drug administration, whereas in hypertensive patients only prostaglandin E2 excretion was enhanced.

Penbutolol in Hypertension: A Pilot Study with Single Daily Doses

1977 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 236-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
V H Yajnik ◽  
J S Nandi ◽  
S C Patel ◽  
H V Doshi ◽  
S H Patel
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Active Drug ◽  
Diastolic Pressure ◽  
Patient Study ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Single Blind

A pilot single-blind placebo controlled crossover within-patient study was undertaken in essential hypertension. In ten patients single daily doses of 25 mg and 50 mg and in two patients 25 mg, 50 mg and 100 mg were used. Satisfactory reductions in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure in the supine and erect postures were observed. Reduction in heart rate was of the order of 6·32%, there being no correlation between reductions in blood pressure and decrements in heart rate. Three patients were dropped from the final analyses. Seventy-eight per cent (7/9) of patients had a final diastolic pressure (lying) of 90 mm Hg or less. Single doses of penbutolol controlled blood pressure for at least twenty-four hours. At the end of two weeks on placebo medication, following nine weeks of active drug medication, blood pressure had reverted to near pre-treatment levels. Penbutolol was well tolerated.

Plasma Catecholamines and Renin Activity in Response to Exercise in Patients with Essential Hypertension

1975 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 511-514
Author(s):  
J. Chodakowska ◽  
K. Nazar ◽  
B. Wocial ◽  
M. Jarecki ◽  
B. Skórka
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Plasma Catecholamines ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Work Load ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Plasma Noradrenaline ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Control Subjects

1. The effect of physical exercise on blood pressure, plasma catecholamines and plasma renin activity was studied in fourteen patients with essential hypertension and in eight healthy subjects. 2. Resting plasma noradrenaline and adrenaline and plasma renin activity of the hypertensive patients did not differ from those of the control subjects. 3. In response to graded exercise producing successive heart rates of 120, 140 and 160 beats/min, significantly greater increases of blood pressure were found in the patients than in the control subjects. 4. Plasma noradrenaline increased significantly in both groups at all levels of exercise, the responses being significantly greater in the hypertensive patients. 5. The mean arterial blood pressure was significantly correlated with plasma noradrenaline concentration in the control subjects but not in the hypertensive patients. 6. In the hypertensive group plasma adrenaline increased significantly after exercise at all work loads whereas, in the control group, significant increase occurred only at the highest work load. The differences in the response of the two groups were significant at each work load. 7. Plasma renin activity increased significantly after exercise at the heart rate of 120 beats/min, both in the hypertensive patients and in the control subjects. The magnitude of the response was similar in the two groups.

Elevated Plasma Adrenaline Reflects Sympathetic Overactivity and Enhanced α-Adrenoceptor-Mediated Vasoconstriction in Essential Hypertension

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (s7) ◽  
pp. 161s-164s ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Bolli ◽  
F. W. Amann ◽  
L. Hulthén ◽  
W. Kiowski ◽  
F. R. Bühler
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Forearm Blood Flow ◽  
Cold Pressor Test ◽  
Cold Pressor ◽  
Plasma Adrenaline ◽  
Pressor Test ◽  
Normotensive Subjects

1. Stressful sympathetic stimulation (cold pressor test) was applied to 18 patients with essential hypertension and 15 normotensive subjects. Intra-arterial blood pressure, heart rate, plasma adrenaline and noradrenaline concentrations as well as forearm blood flow were measured before and during the cold pressor test; tests were repeated after regional postsynaptic α1-adrenoceptor blockade with prazosin. 2. Under basal conditions mean blood pressure (P &lt; 0.001), heart rate (P &lt; 0.01), forearm blood flow (P &lt; 0.001) as well as adrenaline concentration (P &lt; 0.01), but not noradrenaline, was higher in patients with essential hypertension. 3. During the cold pressor test, mean blood pressure, heart rate, plasma adrenaline and noradrenaline concentrations increased and forearm flow decreased (all P &lt; 0.001). 4. Stress-stimulated plasma adrenaline was higher in essential hypertensive patients than in normotensive subjects (P &lt; 0.01). In the former the stress-induced increase in plasma adrenaline correlated with the increase in mean blood pressure (r = 0.514; P &lt; 0.05). 5. Prazosin increased forearm blood flow more in essential hypertension (P &lt; 0.001). This increase correlated with the resting plasma adrenaline in the hypertensive (r = 0.710; P &lt; 0.001), but not in normotensive, subjects. 6. When the cold pressor test was repeated during postsynaptic α1-adrenoceptor blockade forearm blood flow did not decrease; instead it increased further in both groups (P &lt; 0.05). 7. Thus in essential hypertension elevated plasma adrenaline concentration reflects sympathetic overactivity as also expressed by enhanced α-adrenoceptor-mediated vasoconstriction.

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