Grammatical Morphology and Perception of Synthetic and Natural Speech in Children With Specific Language Impairments

2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 494-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia L. Evans ◽  
Kert Viele ◽  
Robert E. Kass ◽  
Feng Tang
Keyword(s):  
Speech Perception ◽  
Natural Speech ◽  
Synthetic Speech ◽  
Inflectional Morphology ◽  
Phonological Representations ◽  
Speech Stimuli ◽  
Specific Language Impairments ◽  
Rate Of Decline ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Natural And Synthetic

Studies investigating the relationship between the use of inflectional morphology and speech-perception abilities in children with SLI traditionally have employed synthetic speech stimuli. The purpose of this study was to replicate the findings reported in Leonard, McGregor, and Allen (1992) with an older group of children with SLI and to determine if the pattern of deficits seen for synthetic speech extends to perception of natural speech stimuli. The speech-perception abilities of 27 children between the ages of 6;11 and 8;11 (15 SLI and 12 NL) were compared using natural and synthetic versions of the [das]-[da∫], [dabiba]-[dabuba], and [i]-[u] contrast pairs originally used in Leonard et al. The findings reported by Leonard et al. were replicated with synthetic speech but not for the natural speech. Use of inflectional morphology in obligatory contexts by the children with SLI was not significantly correlated with their perception abilities for any of the natural or synthetic speech-contrast pairs. Further, although both groups' ability to maintain the target contrast in memory declined over the span of the trials for all target contrasts for both natural and synthetic speech, the rate of decline did not differ significantly between the SLI and NL groups. Findings are discussed with respect to possible deficits in linking phonological representations to grammatical representations in children with SLI.

Perception of Synthetic and Natural Speech by Adults with Visual Impairments

2009 ◽  
Vol 103 (7) ◽  
pp. 403-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Papadopoulos ◽  
Athanasios Koutsoklenis ◽  
Evangelia Katemidou ◽  
Areti Okalidou
Keyword(s):  
Visual Impairments ◽  
Natural Speech ◽  
Synthetic Speech ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Text To Speech ◽  
Frequency Of Use ◽  
The Relationship

This study investigated the intelligibility and comprehensibility of natural speech in comparison to synthetic speech. The results demonstrate the type of errors; the relationship between intelligibility and comprehensibility; and the correlation between intelligibility and comprehensibility and key factors, such as the frequency of use of text-to-speech systems.

Cardiac Indices of Infant Speech Perception: Orienting and Burst Discrimination

1977 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 533-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia L. Miller ◽  
Philip A. Morse ◽  
Michael F. Dorman
Keyword(s):  
Speech Perception ◽  
Stimulus Change ◽  
Orienting Response ◽  
Initial Burst ◽  
Speech Stimuli ◽  
Young Infants ◽  
Infant Speech Perception ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Cardiac Indices

The present study investigated burst cue discrimination in 3- to 4-month-old infants with the natural speech stimuli [bu] and [gu]. The experimental stimuli consisted of either a [bu] or a [gu] burst attached to the formants of the [bu], such that the sole difference between the two stimuli was the initial burst cue. Infants were tested using a cardiac orienting response (OR) paradigm which consisted of 20 tokens of one stimulus (e.g. [bu]) followed by 20 tokens of the second syllable (20/20 paradigm). An OR to the stimulus change revealed that young infants can discriminate burst cue differences in speech stimuli. Discussion of the results focused on asymmetries observed in the data and the relationship of these findings to our previous failure to demonstrate burst discrimination using the habituation/dishabituation cardiac measure generally employed with older infants.

Ability to perceive non‐native contrasts with natural and synthetic speech stimuli

1998 ◽  
Vol 104 (3) ◽  
pp. 1835-1835
Author(s):  
Peter C. Gordon ◽  
Lisa Keyes ◽  
Yiu‐Fai Yung
Keyword(s):  
Synthetic Speech ◽  
Speech Stimuli ◽  
Natural And Synthetic

scholarly journals Ability in perceiving nonnative contrasts: Performance on natural and synthetic speech stimuli

2001 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 746-758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter C. Gordon ◽  
Lisa Keyes ◽  
Yiu-Fai Yung
Keyword(s):  
Synthetic Speech ◽  
Speech Stimuli ◽  
Natural And Synthetic

Synthetic Speech in Computer-Enhanced Foreign Language Learning

2011 ◽  
pp. 227-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Kang
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Language Learners ◽  
Foreign Language Learning ◽  
Natural Speech ◽  
Synthetic Speech ◽  
Listening Skills ◽  
Foreign Language Learners ◽  
Comprehension Ability ◽  
The Relationship

The goal of this chapter is to explain several experiments carried out by our research group to explore whether synthetic speech can be currently used to replace natural speech in listening materials for foreign language learning or not. For CALL purposes, synthetic speech in English was evaluated from the viewpoints of both foreign language learners and teachers. We conducted several surveys: (a) to find out if the synthetic speech generated by current TTS engines is as efficient as natural speech in training listening skills, (b) to identify the specific ways in which the evaluated synthetic speech is as good as natural speech, (c) to determine the relationship between changes in individual listening comprehension ability and the results of the quality evaluations of synthetic speech, and (d) to discuss the possible approaches for using synthetic speeches.

scholarly journals Meta-Analysis—Correlation between Spiral Ganglion Cell Counts and Speech Perception with a Cochlear Implant

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 220-226
Author(s):  
Yew-Song Cheng ◽  
Mario A. Svirsky
Keyword(s):  
Speech Perception ◽  
Cochlear Implant ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Spiral Ganglion ◽  
Spiral Ganglion Cell ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Temporal Bones ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Existing Data

The presence of spiral ganglion cells (SGCs) is widely accepted to be a prerequisite for successful speech perception with a cochlear implant (CI), because SGCs provide the only known conduit between the implant electrode and the central auditory system. By extension, it has been hypothesized that the number of SGCs might be an important factor in CI outcomes. An impressive body of work has been published on findings from the laborious process of collecting temporal bones from CI users and counting the number of SGCs to correlate those numbers with speech perception scores, but the findings thus far have been conflicting. We performed a meta-analysis of all published studies with the hope that combining existing data may help us reach a more definitive conclusion about the relationship between SGC count and speech perception scores in adults.

The potential digestibility of cellulose in grasses and its relationship with chemical and anatomical parameters

1972 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 457-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Wilkins
Keyword(s):  
Floral Development ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Leaf Sheath ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Cellulose Digestibility ◽  
Wimmera Ryegrass ◽  
Rate Of Decline ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Anatomical Parameters

SUMMARYPotential cellulose digestibility, measured by incubation in vitrofor 6 days, decreased during floral development in perennial ryegrass, Wimmera ryegrass, cocksfoot, oat and tall fescue. The rate of decline was slower than for cellulose digestibility measured after incubation in vitro for 2 days only. Morphological fractions ranked in order of descending potential cellulose digestibility – leaf blade, inflorescence, leaf sheath and stem.Lignin content was determined chemically by the method of Van Soest (1963) and lignified tissue was assessed by staining transverse sections of leaf blades and leaf sheaths with safranin and fast green. Both lignin and lignified tissue increased with maturity. Lignified tissue increased mainly through increase in the number of scleren-chyma cells, but was also affected by the formation of lacunae or cavities between the vascular bundles in leaf blades of cocksfoot and in leaf sheaths of all species studied. For 19 samples of leaf blades and leaf sheaths, potential cellulose digestibility had significant negative correlations with both lignin content (r = -0·862) and lignified tissue (r = -0·905). Limitations to the techniques used to assess lignification and further factors which may affect the relationship between lignification and potential cellulose digestibility are discussed.

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