scholarly journals The Nature of Error Consistency in Individuals With Acquired Apraxia of Speech and Aphasia

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (2S) ◽  
pp. 611-630 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren Bislick ◽  
Malcolm McNeil ◽  
Kristie A. Spencer ◽  
Kathryn Yorkston ◽  
Diane L. Kendall
Keyword(s):  
Error Rate ◽  
Motor Planning ◽  
Stimulus Presentation ◽  
Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Error Type ◽  
Presentation Condition ◽  
Design Error ◽  
Error Location ◽  
Phonetic Errors ◽  
Consistent Error

Purpose The primary characteristics used to define acquired apraxia of speech (AOS) have evolved to better reflect a disorder of motor planning/programming. However, there is debate regarding the feature of relatively consistent error location and type. Method Ten individuals with acquired AOS and aphasia and 11 individuals with aphasia without AOS participated in this study. In the context of a 2-group experimental design, error consistency was examined via 5 repetitions of 30 multisyllabic words. The influence of error rate, severity of impairment, and stimulus presentation condition (blocked vs. random) on error consistency was also explored, as well as between-groups differences in the types of errors produced. Results Groups performed similarly on consistency of error location; however, adults with AOS demonstrated greater variability of error type in a blocked presentation condition only. Stimulus presentation condition, error rate, and severity of impairment did not influence error consistency in either group. Groups differed in the production of phonetic errors (e.g., sound distortions) but not phonemic errors. Conclusions Overall, findings do not support relatively consistent errors as a differentiating characteristic of AOS.

Perceptual Characteristics of Consonant Production in Apraxia of Speech and Aphasia

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 1411-1431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren Bislick ◽  
William D. Hula
Keyword(s):  
Error Rate ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Diagnostic Process ◽  
Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Contextual Variables ◽  
Error Type ◽  
Type Distribution ◽  
Phonetic Features ◽  
Syllable Position

Purpose This retrospective analysis examined group differences in error rate across 4 contextual variables (clusters vs. singletons, syllable position, number of syllables, and articulatory phonetic features) in adults with apraxia of speech (AOS) and adults with aphasia only. Group differences in the distribution of error type across contextual variables were also examined. Method Ten individuals with acquired AOS and aphasia and 11 individuals with aphasia participated in this study. In the context of a 2-group experimental design, the influence of 4 contextual variables on error rate and error type distribution was examined via repetition of 29 multisyllabic words. Error rates were analyzed using Bayesian methods, whereas distribution of error type was examined via descriptive statistics. Results There were 4 findings of robust differences between the 2 groups. These differences were found for syllable position, number of syllables, manner of articulation, and voicing. Group differences were less robust for clusters versus singletons and place of articulation. Results of error type distribution show a high proportion of distortion and substitution errors in speakers with AOS and a high proportion of substitution and omission errors in speakers with aphasia. Conclusion Findings add to the continued effort to improve the understanding and assessment of AOS and aphasia. Several contextual variables more consistently influenced breakdown in participants with AOS compared to participants with aphasia and should be considered during the diagnostic process. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.9701690

Error Consistency in Acquired Apraxia of Speech With Aphasia: Effects of the Analysis Unit

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 210-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarina L. Haley ◽  
Kevin T. Cunningham ◽  
Catherine Torrington Eaton ◽  
Adam Jacks
Keyword(s):  
Speech Sound ◽  
Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Error Type ◽  
Unit Of Analysis ◽  
Word Level ◽  
Sound Levels ◽  
Error Location ◽  
Consistency Results ◽  
Clinical Diagnoses ◽  
Left Hemisphere Stroke

Purpose Diagnostic recommendations for acquired apraxia of speech (AOS) have been contradictory concerning whether speech sound errors are consistent or variable. Studies have reported divergent findings that, on face value, could argue either for or against error consistency as a diagnostic criterion. The purpose of this study was to explain discrepancies in error consistency results based on the unit of analysis (segment, syllable, or word) to help determine which diagnostic recommendation is most appropriate. Method We analyzed speech samples from 14 left-hemisphere stroke survivors with clinical diagnoses of AOS and aphasia. Each participant produced 3 multisyllabic words 5 times in succession. Broad phonetic transcriptions of these productions were coded for consistency of error location and type using the word and its constituent syllables and sound segments as units of analysis. Results Consistency of error type varied systematically with the unit of analysis, showing progressively greater consistency as the analysis unit changed from the word to the syllable and then to the sound segment. Consistency of error location varied considerably across participants and correlated positively with error frequency. Conclusions Low to moderate consistency of error type at the word level confirms original diagnostic accounts of speech output and sound errors in AOS as variable in form. Moderate to high error type consistency at the syllable and sound levels indicate that phonetic error patterns are present. The results are complementary and logically compatible with each other and with the literature.

A Phonomotor Approach to Apraxia of Speech Treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 2109-2130
Author(s):  
Lauren Bislick
Keyword(s):  
Phase I ◽  
Treatment Effects ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Motor Planning ◽  
The Other ◽  
Multimodal Approach ◽  
Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Treatment Gains ◽  
Future Work

Purpose This study continued Phase I investigation of a modified Phonomotor Treatment (PMT) Program on motor planning in two individuals with apraxia of speech (AOS) and aphasia and, with support from prior work, refined Phase I methodology for treatment intensity and duration, a measure of communicative participation, and the use of effect size benchmarks specific to AOS. Method A single-case experimental design with multiple baselines across behaviors and participants was used to examine acquisition, generalization, and maintenance of treatment effects 8–10 weeks posttreatment. Treatment was distributed 3 days a week, and duration of treatment was specific to each participant (criterion based). Experimental stimuli consisted of target sounds or clusters embedded nonwords and real words, specific to each participants' deficit. Results Findings show improved repetition accuracy for targets in trained nonwords, generalization to targets in untrained nonwords and real words, and maintenance of treatment effects at 10 weeks posttreatment for one participant and more variable outcomes for the other participant. Conclusions Results indicate that a modified version of PMT can promote generalization and maintenance of treatment gains for trained speech targets via a multimodal approach emphasizing repeated exposure and practice. While these results are promising, the frequent co-occurrence of AOS and aphasia warrants a treatment that addresses both motor planning and linguistic deficits. Thus, the application of traditional PMT with participant-specific modifications for AOS embedded into the treatment program may be a more effective approach. Future work will continue to examine and maximize improvements in motor planning, while also treating anomia in aphasia.

scholarly journals Examining speech motor planning difficulties in apraxia of speech and aphasia via the sequential production of phonetically similar words

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Marja-Liisa Mailend ◽  
Edwin Maas ◽  
Pélagie M. Beeson ◽  
Brad H. Story ◽  
Kenneth I. Forster
Keyword(s):  
Motor Planning ◽  
Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Speech Motor

scholarly journals Identification and Remediation of Phonological and Motor Errors in Acquired Sound Production Impairment

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (6S) ◽  
pp. 1726-1738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Buchwald ◽  
Bernadine Gagnon ◽  
Michele Miozzo
Keyword(s):  
Speech Production ◽  
Phonological Processing ◽  
Sound Production ◽  
Motor Planning ◽  
Consonant Cluster ◽  
Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Training Task ◽  
Production Errors ◽  
Repetition Task ◽  
Error Types

Purpose This study aimed to test whether an approach to distinguishing errors arising in phonological processing from those arising in motor planning also predicts the extent to which repetition-based training can lead to improved production of difficult sound sequences. Method Four individuals with acquired speech production impairment who produced consonant cluster errors involving deletion were examined using a repetition task. We compared the acoustic details of productions with deletion errors in target consonant clusters to singleton consonants. Changes in accuracy over the course of the study were also compared. Results Two individuals produced deletion errors consistent with a phonological locus of the errors, and 2 individuals produced errors consistent with a motoric locus of the errors. The 2 individuals who made phonologically driven errors showed no change in performance on a repetition training task, whereas the 2 individuals with motoric errors improved in their production of both trained and untrained items. Conclusions The results extend previous findings about a metric for identifying the source of sound production errors in individuals with both apraxia of speech and aphasia. In particular, this work may provide a tool for identifying predominant error types in individuals with complex deficits.

scholarly journals Towards Automatic Error Analysis of Machine Translation Output

2011 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 657-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maja Popović ◽  
Hermann Ney
Keyword(s):  
Error Analysis ◽  
Machine Translation ◽  
Error Rate ◽  
Human Error ◽  
Translation System ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Error Type ◽  
Word Error Rate ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Automatic Error

Evaluation and error analysis of machine translation output are important but difficult tasks. In this article, we propose a framework for automatic error analysis and classification based on the identification of actual erroneous words using the algorithms for computation of Word Error Rate (WER) and Position-independent word Error Rate (PER), which is just a very first step towards development of automatic evaluation measures that provide more specific information of certain translation problems. The proposed approach enables the use of various types of linguistic knowledge in order to classify translation errors in many different ways. This work focuses on one possible set-up, namely, on five error categories: inflectional errors, errors due to wrong word order, missing words, extra words, and incorrect lexical choices. For each of the categories, we analyze the contribution of various POS classes. We compared the results of automatic error analysis with the results of human error analysis in order to investigate two possible applications: estimating the contribution of each error type in a given translation output in order to identify the main sources of errors for a given translation system, and comparing different translation outputs using the introduced error categories in order to obtain more information about advantages and disadvantages of different systems and possibilites for improvements, as well as about advantages and disadvantages of applied methods for improvements. We used Arabic–English Newswire and Broadcast News and Chinese–English Newswire outputs created in the framework of the GALE project, several Spanish and English European Parliament outputs generated during the TC-Star project, and three German–English outputs generated in the framework of the fourth Machine Translation Workshop. We show that our results correlate very well with the results of a human error analysis, and that all our metrics except the extra words reflect well the differences between different versions of the same translation system as well as the differences between different translation systems.

scholarly journals Speech motor planning in the context of phonetically similar words: Evidence from apraxia of speech and aphasia

2019 ◽  
Vol 127 ◽  
pp. 171-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marja-Liisa Mailend ◽  
Edwin Maas ◽  
Pélagie M. Beeson ◽  
Brad H. Story ◽  
Kenneth I. Forster
Keyword(s):  
Motor Planning ◽  
Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Speech Motor

High-Level Decision Diagram Simulation for Diagnosis and Soft-Error Analysis

2011 ◽  
pp. 294-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaan Raik ◽  
Urmas Repinski ◽  
Maksim Jenihhin ◽  
Anton Chepurov
Keyword(s):  
Fault Injection ◽  
Soft Errors ◽  
Soft Error ◽  
Design Representation ◽  
Design Error ◽  
Error Location ◽  
Hardware Description ◽  
Source Level ◽  
High Level ◽  
Diagnosis Approach

This Chapter addresses the above-mentioned challenges by presenting a holistic diagnosis approach for design error location and malicious fault list generation for soft errors. First, a method for locating design errors at the source-level of hardware description language code using the design representation of high-level decision diagrams is explained. Subsequently, this method is reduced to malicious fault list generation at the high-level. A minimized fault list is generated for optimizing the time to be spent on the fault injection run necessary for assessing designs vulnerability to soft-errors.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document