The Relationship Between Nasal Sound Pressure Level and Palatopharyngeal Closure

1969 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 193-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph L. Shelton ◽  
William B. Arndt ◽  
Albert W. Knox ◽  
Mary Elbert ◽  
Linda Chisum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sound Pressure Level ◽  
Sound Pressure ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Pressure Level ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship

A group of 21 subjects with well-fitted speech bulbs was compared for nasal sound pressure level (SPL) with a group of 13 subjects having moderate deficiency of palatopharyngeal closure. The difference in mean measures for the two groups was statistically significant. Correlation coefficients are reported for the relationships between nasal SPL and both a cinefluorographic measure of palatopharyngeal closure and several articulation measures.

scholarly journals Perceived Occurrences of Soundscape Influencing Pleasantness in Urban Forests: A Comparison of Broad-Leaved and Coniferous Forests

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (17) ◽  
pp. 4789 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin-Chen Hong ◽  
Zhi-Peng Zhu ◽  
Jiang Liu ◽  
De-Hui Geng ◽  
Guang-Yu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Law ◽  
Sound Pressure Level ◽  
Sound Pressure ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Urban Forests ◽  
Pressure Level ◽  
Coniferous Forests ◽  
Cognitive Responses ◽  
The Relationship

Perceived occurrences of soundscape reflect cognitive responses to perceived soundscapes. This research focuses on the relationship between perceived occurrences and pleasantness of soundscape in urban forests, and models these parameters. Soundscape information was gathered at 60 observation sites in urban forests, including perceived occurrences of soundscape (POS), pleasantness of perceived soundscape in urban forests (PSUF), and equivalent continuous A-weighted sound pressure level (LAeq). Twelve trained participants were exposed to the soundscape at each site for five minutes and filled out a questionnaire about POS and PSUF. The weight-ratio of perceived occurrences of soundscape (WPOS) was obtained from the POS. Pearson’s correlation coefficients and Stevens’ power law were conducted to test the applicability of the perceived occurrences of soundscape in psychophysical models. Results show that there is an interaction between the WPOS and PSUF in urban forests, and that psychophysical models are able to assess pleasantness of perceived soundscapes in urban forests. Findings show that pleasantness trends of geophony and biophony in broad-leaved forests and those in coniferous forests are opposite when the LAeq is increasing. Furthermore, by combining the WPOS, PSUF, and LAeq, the models were able to link the PSUF of geophony, biophony, anthrophony, and total soundscape in urban forests. Overall, results revealed that perceived occurrences of soundscape play a key role in linking the pleasantness of geophony, biophony, and anthrophony in urban forests.

Loudness of Structure-Borne Sound Heard Directly by Ear Put on Vibrating Structure

2003 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-32
Author(s):  
Takuya Fujimoto
Keyword(s):  
Sound Pressure Level ◽  
Contact Surface ◽  
Vibration Amplitude ◽  
Sound Pressure ◽  
Pressure Level ◽  
Vibration Velocity ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Velocity Level

Putting an ear close to a vibrating structure like a wall or a floor, we are able to hear structure-borne sounds clearly, but the loudness of such sounds has never been studied quantitatively. In this study, subjective experiments were carried out in order to obtain the relationship between loudness and the vibration amplitude of the ear's contact surface at low audible frequencies. The main result of this study is that the loudness of a structure-borne sound is almost equal to that of an air-borne sound with a sound pressure level 20 dB higher than the vibration velocity level (ref=5×10−8 m/s) of the surface. According to this result, the loudness of the structure-borne sound heard directly can be evaluated as a sound pressure level derived from the measured vibration amplitude of the structure.

scholarly journals Effects of openings on the wind–sound environment in the traditional residential streets in a severe cold city of China

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 808-825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yumeng Jin ◽  
Hong Jin ◽  
Jian Kang ◽  
Ziyue Yu
Keyword(s):  
Wind Velocity ◽  
Sound Pressure Level ◽  
Physical Environment ◽  
Sound Pressure ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Pressure Level ◽  
Optimized Design ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Sound Environment ◽  
The Difference

The streets in the traditional residential areas of severe cold cities in China often have openings leading to enclosed courtyards. These openings connect the street to the courtyard space, which affects the physical environment of the residential streets. This paper uses field measurements and numerical simulation to study the wind–sound environment in the street, comparing and analysing the effects of the existence, size and form of openings on the wind–sound environment in the street. The results indicate that both the average wind velocity and sound pressure level have some degree of reduction around the opening, with the difference of wind velocity reaching 1.0 m/s and the difference in sound pressure level reaching 0.5–1.6 dB. Additionally, the T30 changes from 0.2 s to 0.4 s around the opening, while the average T30 in the street also varies. Increasing the width of the opening by 1 m increases the influential range of the opening on the sound environment by 0.5–4 m. In contrast, the width of the opening has little effect on the sound pressure level and the T30. Compared with an entrance of the same width, a gap intensifies the fluctuation of the local wind velocity and causes the average T30 to reduce by 0.3 s. The results of this paper lay a data foundation for further studies on the optimized design of the physical environment in enclosed residential areas.

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