Experimental Investigation of Wind Pressure Characteristics for Cladding of Dome Roofs

Cladding for dome roofs is often made of membrane materials that are light and easy to install. Due to these characteristics, wind damage to dome roof cladding is very common. In particular, open or retractable dome roofs are prone to wind damage because of inadequacies in wind load calculations. In this study, the wind pressure characteristics of a dome with a central opening were investigated. Wind tunnel tests were performed, and the pressure distribution was investigated by analyzing external and internal pressure coefficients. Based on the experimental results, the peak net pressure coefficients for the cladding design of a dome roof with a central opening were proposed. For the external peak pressure coefficients, the values of leeward regions were similar despite height–span ratios and turbulence intensity values. For the internal peak pressure coefficients, negative pressure was dominant, and the coefficients were not significantly affected by changes in height–span ratio. This tendency locally increased the negative peak net pressure, in which the load acts in the upward direction, and relatively significantly increased the positive peak net pressure, in which the load acts in the downward direction.

Muscle Fiber Diameter and Density Alterations after Stroke Examined by Single-Fiber EMG

This study presents single-fiber electromyography (EMG) analysis for assessment of paretic muscle changes after stroke. Single-fiber action potentials (SFAPs) were recorded from the first dorsal interosseous (FDI) muscle bilaterally in 12 individuals with hemiparetic stroke. The SFAP parameters, including the negative peak duration and the peak-peak amplitude, were measured and further used to estimate muscle fiber diameter through a model based on the quadratic function. The SFAP parameters, fiber density, and muscle fiber diameter derived from the model were compared between the paretic and contralateral muscles. The results show that SFAPs recorded from the paretic muscle had significantly smaller negative peak duration than that from the contralateral muscle. As a result, the derived muscle fiber diameter of the paretic muscle was significantly smaller than that of the contralateral muscle. The fiber density of the paretic muscle was significantly higher than that of the contralateral muscle. These results provide further evidence of remodeled motor units after stroke and suggest that paretic muscle weakness can be due to both complex central and peripheral neuromuscular alterations.

Depth of sedation with dexmedetomidine modulates cortical excitability non-linearly

Background: Cortical excitability changes across conscious states, being higher in unconsciousness compared to normal wakefulness. Anaesthesia offers controlled manipulation to investigate conscious processes and underlying brain dynamics. Among commonly used anaesthetic agents, dexmedetomidine (DEX) effects are not completely known. In this study, we investigated cortical excitability as a function of DEX sedation depth. Methods: Transcranial magnetic stimulation coupled with electroencephalography was recorded in 20 healthy subjects undergoing DEX sedation in four conditions (baseline, light sedation, deep sedation, recovery). Frontal and parietal cortices were stimulated using a neuronavigation system. Cortical excitability was inferred by slope, amplitude, positive and negative peak latencies of the first component (0-30 ms) of the TMS-evoked potential. Four Generalized Linear Mixed Models (GLMM) were used to test the effect of condition and brain region over cortical excitability. Results: Dexmedetomidine modulated amplitude (P<0.001), slope (P=0.0001) and positive peak (P=0.042), while the targeted brain region affected amplitude (P<0.001), slope (P<0.001), and negative peak (P=0.001). The interaction between dexmedetomidine and region had an effect over amplitude (P=0.004), and slope (P=0.009) such that cortical excitability was higher during all conditions where DEX was present as compared to the baseline. Conclusions: Cortical excitability changes non-linearly as a function of the depth of DEX sedation, with a paradoxical non dose-dependent increase. The effect is region-specific, being present in the frontal but not in the parietal region. Future research should extend the current results with other anaesthetics to better understand the link between cortical excitability and depth of sedation.

QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE INTERPRETATION OF HAND-DIGITIZED AEROMAGNETIC DATA FROM IDAH

Qualitative and Quantitative interpretation of hand-digitized aeromagnetic data from Idah has been carried out by applying forward and inverse modeling technique. Qualitatively, wavelength and amplitudes of source bodies reveal lithologic contrast, basement structure and sedimentary magnetization contrast. The maximum depth to top of the magnetic source body obtained is 16.8m and minimum depth is 0.5m. The anomalous bodies’ total magnetic intensity ranges from a minimum negative peak value of -153.5nT to maximum value of 162.7nT. Susceptibility values obtained reveals the presence of rocks such as granite, diabase, olivine-diabase, basalt/gabbro, quartzite and diorite. Results obtained shows that hand-digitized data competes favorably with computer digitized data

Symmetry of ictal slow waves may predict the outcomes of corpus callosotomy for epileptic spasms

We aimed to analyse the ictal electrographic changes on scalp electroencephalography (EEG), focusing on high-voltage slow waves (HVSs) in children with epileptic spasms (ES) and tonic spasms (TS) and then identified factors associated with corpus callosotomy (CC) outcomes. We enrolled 17 patients with ES/TS who underwent CC before 20 years of age. Post-CC Engel’s classification was as follows: I in 7 patients, II in 2, III in 4, and IV in 4. Welch’s t-test was used to analyse the correlation between ictal HVSs and CC outcomes based on the following three symmetrical indices: (1) negative peak delay: interhemispheric delay between negative peaks; (2) amplitude ratio: interhemispheric ratio of amplitude values for the highest positive peaks; and (3) duration ratio: interhemispheric ratio of slow wave duration. Ages at CC ranged from 17–237 months. Four to 15 ictal EEGs were analysed for each patient. The negative peak delay, amplitude ratio and duration ratio ranged from 0–530 ms, 1.00–7.40 and 1.00–2.74, respectively. The negative peak delay, amplitude ratio and duration ratio were significantly higher in the seizure residual group (p = 0.017, <0.001, <0.001, respectively). Symmetry of ictal HVSs may predict favourable outcomes following CC for ES/TS.

An EEG Experimental Study Evaluating the Performance of Texas Instruments ADS1299

Texas Instruments ADS1299 is an attractive choice for low cost electroencephalography (EEG) devices owing to its low power consumption and low input referred noise. To date, there have been no rigorous evaluations of its performance. In this EEG experimental study we evaluated the performance of the ADS1299 against a high quality laboratory-based system. Two self-paced lower limb motor tasks were performed by 22 healthy participants. Recorded power across delta, theta, alpha, and beta EEG bands, the power ratio across the motor tasks, pre-movement noise, and signal-to-noise ratio were obtained for evaluation. The amplitude and time of the negative peak in the movement-related cortical potentials (MRCPs) extracted from the EEG data were also obtained. Using linear mixed models, no statistically significant differences (p > 0.05) were found in any of these measures across the two systems. These findings were further supported by evaluation of cosine similarity, waveform differences, and topographic maps. There were statistically significant differences in MRCPs across the motor tasks in both systems. We conclude that the performance of the ADS1299 in combination with wet Ag/AgCl electrodes is analogous to that of a laboratory-based system in a low frequency (<40 Hz) EEG recording.