Marketing Efficiency of The “Emping melinjo” in Farmer Women Groups in Batang Region, Central Java

This study aims to examine the marketing efficiency of processed melinjo in women's farmer groups with data collected in Batang Regency, Central Java. Emping melinjo has contributed to providing additional work for mothers as a side business. The method used in this research is a survey of KWT Tani Rejo. Melinjo emping producer data was collected by purposive (deliberate) and traders' samples were done by snowball sampling and respondents were taken by census on all members of KWT Tani Rejo. The data obtained were analyzed descriptively and calculated using margin analysis and farmer share. The results show that the first channel of emping melinjo marketing is the most efficient than the second and third channels. Producers accept higher prices and do not bear marketing costs, because they sell directly to consumers. Meanwhile, marketing efficiency on channels 2 and 3 is greater than 30%. Margins on channels 2 and 3 reached 40% and 16% respectively. Marketing actors include producers, collectors, wholesalers, agents, and retailers. The involvement of women in this business group is due to limited costs and access to market information.

Selective Drivers of Simple Multicellularity

In order to understand the evolution of multicellularity, we must understand how and why selection favors the first steps in this process: the evolution of simple multicellular groups. Multicellularity has evolved many times in independent lineages with fundamentally different ecologies, yet no work has yet systematically examined these diverse selective drivers. Here we review recent developments in systematics, comparative biology, paleontology, synthetic biology, theory, and experimental evolution, highlighting ten selective drivers of simple multicellularity. Our survey highlights the many ecological opportunities available for simple multicellularity, and stresses the need for additional work examining how these first steps impact the subsequent evolution of complex multicellularity.

“One of My Basic Necessities of Life Is Work. That’s Just Broken Away.”—Explorative Triangulation of Personal and Work-Related Impacts for Supervisors and Disabled Employees in German Social Firms during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Social firms are located on the general labor market and employ 30–50% of severely disabled people. Findings on personal and work-related impacts for employees and supervisors during the COVID-19 pandemic are not yet available and will be investigated in the present study. Using the approach of a method triangulation, focus groups with employees and individual interviews with supervisors of several social firms from the North of Germany were combined and collected in parallel. Between July and November 2020, 16 semi-structured telephone interviews with supervisors and three focus groups with 3–6 employees each working within the same team (14 employees in total) were conducted. Both formats were recorded, transcribed, anonymized, and analyzed by using Mayring’s qualitative content analysis. Because a large proportion of the employees and supervisors interviewed worked in the gastronomy sector, they were particularly affected by the “restriction of social contacts” beginning in March 2020. Hygiene and distance regulations were implemented and personnel planning and distribution of work were adapted. Challenges were raised for employees with disabilities due to the implementation of hygiene and distance regulations, a sudden loss of work, lacking routines, additional work, a lack of movement, social contacts and financial challenges. Both employees and supervisors reported fears of infection, conflicts, additional work and fears of job loss. Additionally, supervisors dealt with less staffing, challenges in detaching from work and a strained economic situation. Overall, new insights were gained into the work-related impacts for employees and supervisors in inclusive workplaces during the current COVID-19 pandemic but further research on health-promoting structures is needed.

Experiencing the shift: How postsecondary contract and continuing faculty moved to online course delivery

The shift to online learning that occurred in March of 2020, created an unprecedented period of intense work for faculty and sessional instructors at the post-secondary level. This shift necessitated courses be adapted under short timelines, new technology be integrated into course design and teaching strategies and assessment methods be adapted for an online environment (Van Nuland et al., 2020). This study examines how sessional instructors, referred to in this chapter as contract faculty, and continuing full-time faculty members delivering the same online courses experienced this shift. While the demands of a continuing faculty position call for balancing of teaching, research and service responsibilities, contract instructors have their own unique stressors (Karram Stephenson et al., 2020). Contract faculty lack job security, are paid by the course and often receive their teaching assignments with short notice. By examining their perspectives on delivering the same courses online, we learn that the shift to online teaching resulted in additional work in order to adapt courses to the online environment, with faculty describing the challenges of balancing the additional work with other responsibilities of their position. Concerns of participants focused on a perceived inability to develop relationships with students in an online environment.

Manajemen Kurikulum Berbasis Pendidikan Islam Masa Pandemi Covid-19

The purpose of this article is to determine the management of an Islamic education-based emergency curriculum at RA Masyithoh to make effectively and efficiently for Islamic education during pandemic-19. The research method used qualitative methods with investigations and interviews. The results of the study indicate that there is an implementation of an Islamic education-based emergency curriculum management which includes planning, organizing, implementing, and evaluating in order to create an Islamic education with character in accordance with the guidance of the Al-Qur'an and the Prophet's Hadith. The institution makes SOP related to additional work programs in the form of study guidance, parenting, media collection and screening of children's learning outcomes which is carried out once a week. There is an increase in teacher performance and an increase in independence and discipline in children character when implementing Islamic education-based emergency curriculum at RA Masyithoh Rembang.

PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS FOR TEACHING GRAPHIC SUBJECTS ONLINE

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, schools and universities around the world are moving to online learning. Various technologies and techniques have been invented around the world, but they do not solve simple problems such as task logistics between teacher and student. There is a large non-creative additional work load. The article discusses the problems encountered in teaching graphic subjects online and the tools and techniques that can be used.Breakout rooms in ZOOM have been found as a good option for practical work in engineering graphics. The aim of the article is to describe the experience gained in teaching engineering graphics online in the spring and autumn semesters of 2020, as well as to analyse the results of the survey at the end of the year.

152 Body Weight Standardized Cull Sow Non-edible Trim Loss Evaluation

Non-edible trim loss has been shown to reduce value in market hogs (Johnson et al., 2013). Non-edible trim loss from pork carcasses results from; adhesions, arthritis, and abscess (Keenlislide, 2005). Sow harvest facilities often encounter sow carcasses having one or more non-edible trim loss factors (Knauer, 2007). Non-edible trim loss observed repeatedly in high levels will result in carcass discounts to the seller. The objective of this study was to evaluate the economic impact of non-edible trim loss from cull sow carcasses. Data were collected as a convenience sample from a Midwestern cull-sow harvest facility. This facility focuses on harvesting high quality animals and harvesting “lean” or “boner” sows occurs relatively infrequently. For this study, trim was expressed as a percentage of carcass weight. At this harvest facility all carcasses have some non-edible trim loss. The average total pre-trim carcass weight was 149 kgs (n = 87). The relative percentage of non-edible trim loss was sorted into quartiles. Based on percent trim and average carcass weight the quartiles were classified as 1st Qu. = normal trim (0.5% – 1.2%, n = 22), 2nd Qu. = low trim (1.2% – 2.1%, n =20), 3rd Qu. = medium trim (2.1% – 3.4%, n = 21), and 4th Qu. = high trim (3.4% – 20.9%, n = 22). A 5-year average cull sow price (USDA, ERS) was utilized to calculate the economic loss represented from each quartile of percentage trim. Normal trim, low trim and medium trim showed to have low economic impact. High trim loss had an average economic loss of $9.37 (s.d. = 6.9) on a standardized basis. Substantial economic losses are observed when high trim is measured. Additional work is needed in identifying significant trim loss prior to harvest.

Erasing Workers’ Identities: Comment on Blanck, Hyseni, and Altunkol Wise’s National Study of the Legal Profession

“Bring your whole self to work” remains a common mantra of supporters of workplace diversity, equity, and inclusion (“DEI”).1 For example, disability rights advocates have long contended that hiding or downplaying one’s disability from one’s colleagues at work “create[s] an invisible layer of additional work for the individual” in being accepted at the job and negatively affects productivity.2 LGBTQ+ rights advocates have raised similar points, noting that hiding or downplaying one’s sexual orientation or gender identity from one’s colleagues hinders internal advancement of LGBTQ+ workers.3 As recently as 2019, however, a Deloitte study found that sixty-one percent of workers hid or downplayed one or more of their identities from their colleagues at work.4

Bias in hatchery-origin coho salmon survival estimates due to underestimated prerelease mortality

The widely accepted belief that hatchery-origin salmon survive less well than natural-origin or wild salmon can be, at least in part, an artifact of the way hatchery salmon survival is estimated. Hatchery salmon are often marked several months before release, while natural salmon are marked during their seaward migration. Underestimated prerelease mortalities result in biased low survival estimates. In British Columbia, although hatchery rearing practices have been modified to reduce unrecorded mortalities, experimental evidence indicates that coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) smolt survivals continue to be underestimated by ∼13%. Better reporting and incorporation of survival bias in data sets and analyses as well as additional work to evaluate bias for other regions and species over time is needed.

Social identification factors of managers and entrepreneurs

The social identification of managers is divided into deep and shallow. The authors give the comparative analysis of the social identification of managers and entrepreneurs through its types, as well as through the determination of these types by various factors. Among entrepreneurs, the shares of those who have and those who do not have a conscious, deep identification with their social and professional group are approximately the same. The same situation is among managers. In addition, the authors studied the influence of gender, age, material situation, level of education, secondary employment and other factors on the determined types. Gender does not affect these types of social identification. The real factors also include the additional work, age, the use of competencies, satisfaction with the results of activities and membership in professional associations.