Priming the Visual Recognition of Spoken Words

1995 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 1377-1386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charissa R. Lansing ◽  
Christine L. Helgeson
Keyword(s):  
Word Recognition ◽  
Visual Recognition ◽  
Spoken Word Recognition ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Spoken Word ◽  
Sentence Length ◽  
Individual Participant ◽  
Modified Rhyme Test ◽  
Prime Target

A preliminary investigation was conducted to understand the effects of word visibility and prime association factors on visual spoken word recognition in lipreading, using a related/ unrelated prime-target paradigm. Prime-target pairings were determined on the basis of paper-and-pencil word associations completed by 85 participants with normal hearing. Spoken targets included 60 single-syllable Modified Rhyme Test words, prerecorded on laser video disc. Participants included 20 individuals with normal hearing and at least average lipreading skill for sentence-length materials. In related prime-target pairings, more targets with a high prime association were identified than with a low prime association. In unrelated prime-target pairings, a larger number of more-visible than less-visible targets was correctly identified. Individual participant differences were not statistically significant. Results from the present study suggest implications for models of visual spoken word recognition.

Orthographic activation in spoken word recognition of L2 phonological variants

2020 ◽  
pp. 026765832096825
Author(s):  
Jeong-Im Han ◽  
Song Yi Kim
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Word Recognition ◽  
Spoken Word Recognition ◽  
First Language ◽  
Spoken Word ◽  
Advanced Level ◽  
Spoken Words ◽  
L2 Learners ◽  
L1 And L2 ◽  
Prime Target

The present study investigated the influence of orthographic input on the recognition of second language (L2) spoken words with phonological variants, when first language (L1) and L2 have different orthographic structures. Lexical encoding for intermediate-to-advanced level Mandarin learners of Korean was assessed using masked cross-modal and within-modal priming tasks. Given that Korean has obstruent nasalization in the syllable coda, prime target pairs were created with and without such phonological variants, but spellings that were provided in the cross-modal task reflected their unaltered, nonnasalized forms. The results indicate that when L2 learners are exposed to transparent alphabetic orthography, they do not show a particular cost for spoken word recognition of L2 phonological variants as long as the variation is regular and rule-governed.

scholarly journals Lexical Effects on Spoken-Word Recognition in Children with Normal Hearing

2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vidya Krull ◽  
Sangsook Choi ◽  
Karen Iler Kirk ◽  
Lindsay Prusick ◽  
Brian French
Keyword(s):  
Word Recognition ◽  
Spoken Word Recognition ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Spoken Word ◽  
Lexical Effects

scholarly journals ERPs Reflect Lexical Identification in Word Fragment Priming

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 541-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia K. Friedrich ◽  
Sonja A. Kotz ◽  
Angela D. Friederici ◽  
Thomas C. Gunter
Keyword(s):  
Word Recognition ◽  
Spoken Word Recognition ◽  
Mental Lexicon ◽  
Spoken Word ◽  
Word Fragment ◽  
Target Pair ◽  
Auditory Word ◽  
Target Experiment ◽  
Behavioral Evidence ◽  
Prime Target

Behavioral evidence suggests that spoken word recognition involves the temporary activation of multiple entries in a listener's mental lexicon. This phenomenon can be demonstrated in cross-modal word fragment priming (CMWP). In CMWP, an auditory word fragment (prime) is immediately followed by a visual word or pseudoword (target). Experiment 1 investigated ERPs for targets presented in this paradigm. Half of the targets were congruent with the prime (e.g., in the prime-target pair: AM-AMBOSS [anvil]), half were not (e.g., AM-PENSUM [pensum]). Lexical entries of the congruent targets should receive activation from the prime. Thus, lexical identification of these targets should be facilitated. An ERP effect named P350, two frontal negative ERP deflections, and the N400 were sensitive to prime-target congruency. In Experiment 2, the relation of the formerly observed ERP effects to processes in a modality-independent mental lexicon was investigated by presenting primes visually. Only the P350 effect could be replicated across different fragment lengths. Therefore, the P350 is discussed as a correlate of lexical identification in a modality-independent mental lexicon.

scholarly journals The role of long-distance phonological processes in spoken word recognition: A preliminary investigation

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Phillip Alexander Burness ◽  
Kevin McMullin ◽  
Tania Zamuner
Keyword(s):  
Word Recognition ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Spoken Word Recognition ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Spoken Word ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Phonological Processes ◽  
Artificial Language Learning

Previous work has demonstrated that during spoken word recognition, listeners can use a variety of cues to anticipate an upcoming sound before the sound is encountered. However, this vein of research has largely focused on local phenomena that hold between adjacent sounds. In order to fill this gap, we combine the Visual World Paradigm with an Artificial Language Learning methodology to investigate whether knowledge of a long-distance pattern of sibilant harmony can be utilized during spoken word recognition. The hypothesis was that participants trained on sibilant harmony could more quickly identify a target word from among a set of competitors when that target contained a prefix which had undergone regressive sibilant harmony. Participants tended to behave as expected for the subset of items that they saw during training, but the effect did not reach statistical significance and did not extend to novel items. This suggests that participants did not learn the rule of sibilant harmony and may have been memorizing which base went with which alternant. Failure to learn the pattern may have been due to certain aspects of the design, which will be addressed in future iterations of the experiment.

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