Naming Difficulties in Language-Disabled Children

1997 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 1026-1036 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam Faust ◽  
Lilly Dimitrovsky ◽  
Shira Davidi
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Information ◽  
Treatment Approach ◽  
Naming Task ◽  
Disabled Children ◽  
Phonological Information ◽  
Feeling Of Knowing ◽  
Language Disabilities ◽  
Word Representation ◽  
Phonological Treatment ◽  
Tip Of The Tongue

The "tip of the tongue" (TOT) paradigm in a picture-naming task was presented to 14 children with language disabilities (LD) and 14 children without language disabilities (ND). Although the two groups did not differ in the semantic information they had on words they could not fully retrieve, the LD children had less valid and more invalid phonological information. They also had fewer correct responses and spontaneous recalls, more "Don't Know"s (DK) and TOTs, and less accurate "feeling of knowing" (FOK) judgments. These results, demonstrating dissociation between the semantic and phonological levels of word representation, support a two-stage model of word retrieval. These findings are evidence in favor of a phonological treatment approach for naming problems in LD children.

scholarly journals Perceptual and conceptual processing of visual objects across the adult lifespan

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rose Bruffaerts ◽  
◽  
Lorraine K. Tyler ◽  
Meredith Shafto ◽  
Kamen A. Tsvetanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Processing ◽  
Semantic Information ◽  
Fluid Intelligence ◽  
Naming Task ◽  
Object Processing ◽  
Adult Lifespan ◽  
Conceptual Processing ◽  
Mature Adults ◽  
Visual Objects ◽  
Age Related

Abstract Making sense of the external world is vital for multiple domains of cognition, and so it is crucial that object recognition is maintained across the lifespan. We investigated age differences in perceptual and conceptual processing of visual objects in a population-derived sample of 85 healthy adults (24–87 years old) by relating measures of object processing to cognition across the lifespan. Magnetoencephalography (MEG) was recorded during a picture naming task to provide a direct measure of neural activity, that is not confounded by age-related vascular changes. Multiple linear regression was used to estimate neural responsivity for each individual, namely the capacity to represent visual or semantic information relating to the pictures. We find that the capacity to represent semantic information is linked to higher naming accuracy, a measure of task-specific performance. In mature adults, the capacity to represent semantic information also correlated with higher levels of fluid intelligence, reflecting domain-general performance. In contrast, the latency of visual processing did not relate to measures of cognition. These results indicate that neural responsivity measures relate to naming accuracy and fluid intelligence. We propose that maintaining neural responsivity in older age confers benefits in task-related and domain-general cognitive processes, supporting the brain maintenance view of healthy cognitive ageing.

scholarly journals Listening to speech and non-speech sounds activates phonological and semantic knowledge differently

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (8) ◽  
pp. 1135-1149 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Bartolotti ◽  
Scott R Schroeder ◽  
Sayuri Hayakawa ◽  
Sirada Rochanavibhata ◽  
Peiyao Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Processing ◽  
Semantic Information ◽  
Semantic Knowledge ◽  
Phonological Information ◽  
Opposite Pattern ◽  
Semantic Access ◽  
Word Forms ◽  
Time Courses ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Phonological Activation

How does the mind process linguistic and non-linguistic sounds? The current study assessed the different ways that spoken words (e.g., “dog”) and characteristic sounds (e.g., <barking>) provide access to phonological information (e.g., word-form of “dog”) and semantic information (e.g., knowledge that a dog is associated with a leash). Using an eye-tracking paradigm, we found that listening to words prompted rapid phonological activation, which was then followed by semantic access. The opposite pattern emerged for sounds, with early semantic access followed by later retrieval of phonological information. Despite differences in the time courses of conceptual access, both words and sounds elicited robust activation of phonological and semantic knowledge. These findings inform models of auditory processing by revealing the pathways between speech and non-speech input and their corresponding word forms and concepts, which influence the speed, magnitude, and duration of linguistic and nonlinguistic activation.

Does tip-of-the-tongue for proper names discriminate amnestic mild cognitive impairment?

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 627-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Onésimo Juncos-Rabadán ◽  
David Facal ◽  
Cristina Lojo-Seoane ◽  
Arturo X. Pereiro
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Verbal Fluency ◽  
Multivariate Regression ◽  
Proper Names ◽  
Naming Task ◽  
Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Tip Of The Tongue ◽  
Normal Controls

ABSTRACTBackground: Difficulty in retrieving people's names is very common in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment. Such difficulty is often observed as the tip-of-the-tongue (TOT) phenomenon. The main aim of this study was to explore whether a famous people's naming task that elicited the TOT state can be used to discriminate between amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) patients and normal controls.Methods: Eighty-four patients with aMCI and 106 normal controls aged over 50 years performed a task involving naming 50 famous people shown in pictures. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were used to study the relationships between aMCI and semantic and phonological measures in the TOT paradigm.Results: Univariate regression analyses revealed that all TOT measures significantly predicted aMCI. Multivariate analysis of all these measures correctly classified 70% of controls (specificity) and 71.6% of aMCI patients (sensitivity), with an AUC (area under curve ROC) value of 0.74, but only the phonological measure remained significant. This classification value was similar to that obtained with the Semantic verbal fluency test.Conclusions: TOTs for proper names may effectively discriminate aMCI patients from normal controls through measures that represent one of the naming processes affected, that is, phonological access.

scholarly journals Graded recall success: an event-related fMRI comparison of tip of the tongue and feeling of knowing

NeuroImage ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 1130-1138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anat Maril ◽  
Jon S. Simons ◽  
Josh J. Weaver ◽  
Daniel L. Schacter
Keyword(s):  
Feeling Of Knowing ◽  
Tip Of The Tongue

Use of Phonological Information in a Word-Finding Treatment for Children

1994 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 1381-1393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karla K. McGregor
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Information ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Multiple Baseline ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Phonological Information ◽  
Baseline Design ◽  
Phonological Word ◽  
Word Finding ◽  
Confrontation Naming ◽  
And Control

Two children with word-finding deficits characterized largely by semantic substitutions participated in a treatment involving phonological information about target words. The treatment was motivated by models of naming where semantic information and phonological information are stored in independent ordered components. Given such models, it is possible to characterize some semantic word-finding substitutions as well as phonological word-finding substitutions as the result of breakdown at the level of the phonological output representation. The treatment was organized according to a single-subject multiple baseline design across behaviors and subjects. As hypothesized, the phonologically based treatment resulted in reduction not only of occasional phonological word-finding substitutions but also of the large number of semantic word-finding substitutions displayed during baseline and control measures of confrontation naming. In light of these data, the possible source of word-finding breakdowns in these children is explored.

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