Adaptive control of arterial oxygen pressure of newborn infants under incubator oxygen treatments

Continuous monitoring of oxygenation in sick newborns is vitally important. However, transcutaneous Po2 measurements have a number of limiations. Therefore, we report the use of the pulse oximeter for arterial oxygen saturation (Sao2) determination in 26 infants (birth weights 725 to 4,000 g, gestational ages 24 to 40 weeks, and postnatal ages one to 49 days). Fetal hemoglobin determinations were made on all infants and were repeated following transfusion. Sao2, readings from the pulse oximeter were compared with the Sao2 measured in vitro on simultaneously obtained arterial blood samples. The linear regression equation for 177 paired measurements was: y = 0.7x + 27.2; r = .9. However, the differences between measured Sao2 and the pulse oximeter Sao2 were significantly greater in samples with > 50% fetal hemoglobin when compared with samples with < 25% fetal hemoglobin (P < .001). The pulse oximeter was easy to use, recorded trends in oxygenation instantaneously, and was not associated with skin injury. We conclude that pulse oximetry is a reliable technique for the continuous, noninvasive monitoring of oxygenation in newborn infants.

Download Full-text

120: Comparison of transcutaneous oxygen tension (tcPO2) and arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) in newborn infants

Pediatric Research ◽

10.1203/00006450-197610000-00111 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 890-890 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

P Jolly ◽

E O R Reynolds ◽

L P Soutter

Keyword(s):

Oxygen Tension ◽

Newborn Infants ◽

Arterial Oxygen Tension ◽

Arterial Oxygen ◽

Transcutaneous Oxygen Tension ◽

Transcutaneous Oxygen

Download Full-text

Early-Onset Haemophilus Sepsis in Newborn Infants: Clinical, Roentgenographic, and Pathologic Features

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.62.3.299 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 62 (3) ◽

pp. 299-303

Author(s):

Lawrence D. Lilien ◽

Tsu F. Yeh ◽

Gertrude M. Novak ◽

Norman M. Jacobs

Keyword(s):

Early Onset ◽

Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes ◽

Newborn Infants ◽

Arterial Oxygen Tension ◽

Hyaline Membrane Disease ◽

Arterial Oxygen ◽

Pathologic Features ◽

High Incidence ◽

Hyaline Membrane ◽

Time Of Infection

Nine infants with early-onset Haemophilus sepsis were seen between January 1973 and July 1977. Of the five isolated strains that were typed, only one was type B. All infants had respiratory distress, metabolic acidosis, and large alveolar-arterial oxygen tension difference gradients. Eight infants weighed less than 1,500 gm and died; one infant weighed 1,701 gm and survived. Roentgenograms in six of eight showed hyaline membrane disease. Pulmonary pathologic specimens in eight infants revealed hyaline membranes in six and polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the alveolar spaces in four. In two infants, small Gram-negative bacilli were noted within proteinaceous exudates in alveolar ducts. The route and time of infection in these infants with early-onset Haemophilus sepsis are unclear. However, the possibility that the infection occurs before birth and that these infants represent septically aborted prematures is suggested by the high incidence of prematurity in infants with early-onset Haemophilus sepsis and early detection of bacteremia in three infants.

Download Full-text

Transcutaneous Oxygen Tension Measurements in Newborn Infants

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.55.2.232 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 55 (2) ◽

pp. 232-235

Author(s):

Gosta Rooth

Keyword(s):

Continuous Monitoring ◽

Newborn Infants ◽

Arterial Oxygen ◽

Invasive Technique ◽

Clinical Experiences ◽

Transcutaneous Oxygen Tension ◽

Transcutaneous Oxygen ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Oxygen Tensions ◽

A New Technique

Attention is called in this brief review article to the development and clinical uses of a new technique for monitoring blood oxygen tensions in newborn infants. This technique uses an electrode recently developed by Huch et al. in Germany to measure arterial oxygen tensions directly through the skin. This device allows for continuous monitoring with a non-invasive technique. The method is now in use in European hospitals. Clinical experiences are cited to document its usefulness.

Download Full-text

Continuous Monitoring of Arterial Oxygen Tension Using a Catheter-Tip Polarographic Electrode in Infants

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.57.2.244 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 57 (2) ◽

pp. 244-250

Author(s):

M. Conway ◽

G. M. Durbin ◽

D. Ingram ◽

N. McIntosh ◽

D. Parker ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxygen Tension ◽

Continuous Monitoring ◽

Newborn Infants ◽

Arterial Oxygen Tension ◽

Oxygen Electrode ◽

Arterial Oxygen ◽

Respiratory Illnesses ◽

Arterial Blood ◽

Reliable Instrument ◽

Catheter Tip

An oxygen electrode mounted in the tip of an umbilical artery catheter was used in 36 newborn infants with severe respiratory illnesses, 28 of whom survived. Thirty-seven electrodes were used. The median age at insertion was 4 hours (range, 30 minutes to 122 hours). Three electrodes failed to work and they were removed or replaced, and two could not be properly evaluated. Thirty-two electrodes functioned satisfactorily for 10 to 190 hours (mean, 75 hours) after a one-point calibration against blood sampled through the catheter. Twenty-two did not need recalibrating before they were removed after 10 to 190 hours (mean, 88 hours). Four of the remaining ten electrodes were recalibrated once after 33 to 97 hours and then functioned until removed 15 to 55 hours later. The other six electrodes failed after 32 to 105 hours (mean, 49 hours). Complications were few. A total of 356 arterial blood samples, obtained after the initial calibration and before any recalibration was necessary, gave a correlation coefficient of 0.93 (P < .0001) against an independent system for measuring arterial oxygen tension (Pao2) (Radiometer Type E.5046 oxygen electrode). We conclude that the catheter-tip electrode is a safe and reliable instrument for continuously recording Pao2 in newborn infants which much simplifies the management of serious respiratory illnesses.

Download Full-text