scholarly journals Non-destructive control data analysis of railroad foundation constructions

2019 ◽  
Vol 294 ◽  
pp. 03012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Trofimov ◽  
Albina Kuzmenko ◽  
Halyna Nesterenko ◽  
Svitlana Avramenko ◽  
Mykhailo Muzykin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
A Priori ◽  
A Posteriori ◽  
Unknown Parameters ◽  
Control Data ◽  
Variable Parameters ◽  
Unknown Variable ◽  
A Priori Distribution ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Posteriori Estimation

The evaluation of the parameters of multi-layered foundations (railroad basis, foundations of railway structures, etc.) plays an important role in ensuring the safe movement of trains. The method of estimating the mechanical and geometric parameters of such foundations based on the solutions of inverse problems for multi-layered elastic packets is proposed. As input data for such problems the measured displacements of certain points on the package surface are used. The method allows estimating the parameters of the a priori distribution of unknown variable parameters, identifying and excluding outliers of the measured data from the created model, and constructing a posteriori estimation of the unknown parameters probability density with acceptable resolution. Proposed method can be used to create a new generation of equipment intended for non-destructive monitoring and estimating of the condition of the railroad basis and the foundations of artificial structures. The appropriate software of such vehicles based on the developed methods of data processing can be developed. The use of such equipment allows to operatively analyzing the state of individual areas of the railroad to decide on the need of repairing or replacing the railroad base or foundation of other elements of railroad infrastructure.

scholarly journals Existence theorem for a solution of a class of third order nonlinear differential equations with polynomial right hand side of the seventh degree in a vicinity of a movable singular point

2020 ◽  
pp. 92-100
Author(s):  
Виктор Николаевич Орлов ◽  
Магомедюсуф Владимирович Гасанов
Keyword(s):  
Differential Equations ◽  
A Priori Estimates ◽  
Nonlinear Differential Equations ◽  
A Priori ◽  
A Posteriori ◽  
Existence And Uniqueness Theorem ◽  
Third Order ◽  
Priori Estimates ◽  
A Priori Estimation ◽  
Posteriori Estimation

В настоящей статье дано развитие варианта доказательства теоремы существования и единственности решения рассматриваемого класса нелинейных дифференциальных уравнений, характерной особенностью которых является наличие подвижных особых точек. Представленное доказательство позволяет построить аналитическое приближенное решение, получить его априорные оценки. Апостериорная оценка позволяет оптимизировать априорную оценку. Теоретический материал протестирован с помощью численного эксперимента. This article gives the development of a version of the proof of the existence and uniqueness theorem for the solution of the class of nonlinear differential equations under consideration whose characteristic feature is the presence of movable singular points. The presented proof allows us to construct an analytical approximate solution and obtain its a priori estimates. A posteriori estimation allows to optimize a priori estimation. The theoretical material is tested using a numerical experiment.

Spiking band‐limited traces with a relative‐entropy algorithm

Geophysics ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 56 (7) ◽  
pp. 1003-1014 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. J. Jacobs ◽  
P. A. G. van der Geest
Keyword(s):  
Relative Entropy ◽  
Fourier Coefficients ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Map Estimation ◽  
A Posteriori ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Band Limited ◽  
Posteriori Distribution ◽  
A Priori Distribution ◽  
A Posteriori Distribution

A novel method for the inversion of band‐limited seismic traces to full bandwidth reflectivity traces, is based on a probabilistic spiky model of the reflectivity trace, in which position indicators and amplitudes of the spikes occur as random variables, and relies on relative entropy inference from information theory. First, an a priori model for general reflectivity traces in the prospect is derived from nearby wells. Second, the a priori distribution is updated into an a posteriori distribution for the specific trace being studied by the addition of the Fourier data of the seismic trace within a passband. Uncertainty about the Fourier coefficients can be accounted for by specification of a noise variance, which implicitly is infinite outside the passband. The update with relative entropy inference is justified because of its relationship with Bayesian inference. Application of maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimation to the a posteriori distribution results in the most likely spiky reflectivity trace of full bandwidth. A numerical algorithm for obtaining the MAP estimates of spike positions and spike amplitudes is derived from the concept of continuation and is described in detail. The algorithm avoids searching among all possible patterns of spike positions.

Expected A Posteriori Estimation of Multiple Latent Traits

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damon U. Bryant ◽  
Ashley K. Smith ◽  
Sandra G. Alexander ◽  
Kathlea Vaughn ◽  
Kristophor G. Canali
Keyword(s):  
A Posteriori ◽  
Latent Traits ◽  
Posteriori Estimation

A priori/a posteriori

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heinrich Schepers ◽  
Giorgio Tonelli ◽  
Rudolf Eisler
Keyword(s):  
A Priori ◽  
A Posteriori

A Critique of Modernist Synthesis in Islamic Thought

1994 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 475-503
Author(s):  
Masudul Alum Choudhury
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Inquiry ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Scientific Investigation ◽  
Muslim World ◽  
A Posteriori ◽  
Islamic Thought ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Muslim Scholars

Is it the realm of theoretical constructs or positive applications thatdefines the essence of scientific inquiry? Is there unison between thenormative and the positive, between the inductive and deductivecontents, between perception and reality, between the micro- andmacro-phenomena of reality as technically understood? In short, isthere a possibility for unification of knowledge in modernist epistemologicalcomprehension? Is knowledge perceived in conceptionand application as systemic dichotomy between the purely epistemic(in the metaphysically a priori sense) and the purely ontic (in thepurely positivistically a posteriori sense) at all a reflection of reality?Is knowledge possible in such a dichotomy or plurality?Answers to these foundational questions are primal in order tounderstand a critique of modernist synthesis in Islamic thought thathas been raging among Muslim scholars for some time now. Theconsequences emanating from the modernist approach underlie muchof the nature of development in methodology, thinking, institutions,and behavior in the Muslim world throughout its history. They arefound to pervade more intensively, I will argue here, as the consequenceof a taqlid of modernism among Islamic thinkers. I will thenargue that this debility has arisen not because of a comparativemodem scientific investigation, but due to a failure to fathom theuniqueness of a truly Qur'anic epistemological inquiry in the understandingof the nature of the Islamic socioscientific worldview ...

Qualifier la qualité des données localisées numériques des réseaux d’eau et d’assainissement

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 51-64
Author(s):  
M. LE MOAL
Keyword(s):  
A Priori ◽  
A Posteriori ◽  
Systèmes D’Information Géographique ◽  
Systèmes D’Information

Les systèmes d’information géographique (SIG) sont devenus incontournables dans la gestion des réseaux d’eau et d’assainissement et leur efficacité repose en très grande partie sur la qualité des données exploitées. Parallèlement, les évolutions réglementaires et les pratiques des utilisateurs augmentant notamment les échanges d’informations renforcent le rôle central des données et de leur qualité. Si la plupart des solutions SIG du marché disposent de fonctions dédiées à la qualification de la qualité des données, elles procèdent de la traduction préalable de spécifications des données en règles informatiques avant de procéder aux tests qualitatifs. Cette approche chronophage requiert des compétences métier. Pour éviter ces contraintes, Axes Conseil a élaboré un procédé de contrôle des données SIG rapide et accessible à des acteurs métier de l’eau et de l’assainissement. Plutôt qu’une lourde approche de modélisation a priori, le principe est de générer un ensemble d’indicateurs explicites facilement exploitables a posteriori par les acteurs du métier. Cette approche offre une grande souplesse d’analyse et ne nécessite pas de compétences informatiques avancées.

Kant’s ‘Transcendental Deduction’

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry Stroud
Keyword(s):  
A Priori ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Critical Assessment ◽  
Structural Description ◽  
A Posteriori ◽  
Human Knowledge ◽  
Transcendental Deduction ◽  
The World ◽  
Empirical Realism

This chapter presents a straightforward structural description of Immanuel Kant’s conception of what the transcendental deduction is supposed to do, and how it is supposed to do it. The ‘deduction’ Kant thinks is needed for understanding the human mind would establish and explain our ‘right’ or ‘entitlement’ to something we seem to possess and employ in ‘the highly complicated web of human knowledge’. This is: experience, concepts, and principles. The chapter explains the point and strategy of the ‘deduction’ as Kant understands it, as well as the demanding conditions of its success, without entering into complexities of interpretation or critical assessment of the degree of success actually achieved. It also analyses Kant’s arguments regarding a priori concepts as well as a posteriori knowledge of the world around us, along with his claim that our position in the world must be understood as ‘empirical realism’.

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