scholarly journals Can Hybrid Synapse be Formed between Rat Spinal Motor Neurons and Major Pelvic Ganglion Neurons in vitro?

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 521-526
Author(s):  
Shigang CHENG ◽  
Xuan XIANG ◽  
Zemin LV ◽  
Xiaowen MAO ◽  
Xinghai YANG
Keyword(s):  
Motor Neurons ◽  
Synapse Formation ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Pelvic Ganglion ◽  
Spinal Motor Neurons ◽  
Spinal Motor ◽  
Major Pelvic Ganglion ◽  
Reflex Arc ◽  
Ganglion Neurons

The purpose of this study is to determine whether synapses can be formed between spinal motor neurons (SMNs) and major pelvic ganglion (MPG) neurons of a rat in vitro. The green fluorescent protein (GFP)-labelled MPG cells were cultured together with SMNs in a specific medium. The synaptic-like contacts established between SMNs and MPG neurons were studied in co-cultures using morphologic and immunocytochemistry approaches. Phase-contrast observation of co-cultures showed apparent SMNs-MPG neurons contacts as early as three or four days in vitro. We demonstrate some evidence of synaptic contacts between SMNs and MPG neurons in vitro by immunostaining with antibody directed against postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD-95). We describe the development process of a defined SMNs-MPG neurons co-culture system. The results suggest that the hybrid synapse formation that may occur between SMNs and MPG neurons in vitro played an essential role in the mechanisms of a regenerated bladder with an artificial somatic-autonomic reflex arc.

Inhibition of motor axon growth by T-cadherin substrata

Development ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 122 (10) ◽  
pp. 3163-3171 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.J. Fredette ◽  
J. Miller ◽  
B. Ranscht
Keyword(s):  
Motor Neurons ◽  
Axon Growth ◽  
Neurite Growth ◽  
Motor Axon ◽  
Spinal Motor Neurons ◽  
Guidance Cue ◽  
Spinal Motor ◽  
Neuron Populations ◽  
Muscle Innervation

As spinal motor neurons project to their hindlimb targets, their growth cones avoid particular regions along their pathway. T-cadherin is discretely distributed in the avoided caudal sclerotome and on extrasynaptic muscle surfaces (B. J. Fredette and B. Ranscht (1994) J. Neurosci. 14, 7331–7346), and therefore, the ability of T-cadherin to inhibit neurite growth was tested in vitro. T-cadherin inhibited neurite extension from select neuron populations both as a substratum, and as a soluble recombinant protein. Anti-T-cadherin antibodies neutralized the inhibition. Spinal motor neurons were inhibited only during the stages of axon growth across the sclerotome and muscle innervation. Inhibitory responses corresponded to neuronal T-cadherin expression, suggesting a homophilic binding mechanism. These results suggest that T-cadherin is a negative guidance cue for motor axon projections.

scholarly journals Synergistic integration of Netrin and ephrin axon guidance signals by spinal motor neurons

eLife ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Poliak ◽  
Daniel Morales ◽  
Louis-Philippe Croteau ◽  
Dayana Krawchuk ◽  
Elena Palmesino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Neurons ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Neural Circuit ◽  
Growth Cones ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Motor Axons ◽  
Spinal Motor Neurons ◽  
Spinal Motor

During neural circuit assembly, axonal growth cones are exposed to multiple guidance signals at trajectory choice points. While axonal responses to individual guidance cues have been extensively studied, less is known about responses to combination of signals and underlying molecular mechanisms. Here, we studied the convergence of signals directing trajectory selection of spinal motor axons entering the limb. We first demonstrate that Netrin-1 attracts and repels distinct motor axon populations, according to their expression of Netrin receptors. Quantitative in vitro assays demonstrate that motor axons synergistically integrate both attractive or repulsive Netrin-1 signals together with repulsive ephrin signals. Our investigations of the mechanism of ephrin-B2 and Netrin-1 integration demonstrate that the Netrin receptor Unc5c and the ephrin receptor EphB2 can form a complex in a ligand-dependent manner and that Netrin–ephrin synergistic growth cones responses involve the potentiation of Src family kinase signaling, a common effector of both pathways.

scholarly journals Targeted tPA overexpression in denervated spinal motor neurons promotes stroke recovery in mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinling Gan ◽  
Michael Chopp ◽  
Hongqi Xin ◽  
Fengjie Wang ◽  
William Golembieski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Neurons ◽  
Intramuscular Injection ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Yellow Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Artery Occlusion ◽  
Stroke Recovery ◽  
Cervical Cord ◽  
Stroke Treatment ◽  
Spinal Motor Neurons ◽  
Spinal Motor

Our previous studies demonstrated that axonal remodeling of the corticospinal tract (CST) contributes to neurological recovery after stroke in rodents. The present study employed a novel non-invasive peripheral approach, to over-express tPA in denervated spinal motor neurons via recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) intramuscular injection in transgenic mice subjected to permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo), in which the CST axons are specifically and completely labeled with yellow fluorescent protein (YFP). One day after surgery, mice were randomly selected to receive saline, AAV5-RFP, or tPA (1 × 1010 viral particles) injected into the stroke-impaired forelimb muscles ( n = 10/group). Functional deficits and recovery were monitored with foot-fault and single pellet reaching tests. At day 28 after MCAo, mice received intramuscular injection of PRV-614-mRFP (1.52 × 107 pfu) as above, and were euthanized four days later. Compared with saline or AAV-RFP-treated mice, AAV-tPA significantly enhanced behavioral recovery ( p < 0.01, both tests), as well as increased CST axonal density in the denervated gray matter of the cervical cord ( p < 0.001), and RFP-positive pyramidal neurons in both ipsilesional and contralesional cortices ( p < 0.001). Behavioral outcomes were significantly correlated to neural remodeling ( p < 0.05). Our results provide a fundamental basis for the development of therapeutic approaches aimed at promoting corticospinal innervation for stroke treatment.

Schwann cells and astrocytes induce synapse formation by spinal motor neurons in culture

2004 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.M Ullian ◽  
B.T Harris ◽  
A Wu ◽  
J.R Chan ◽  
B.A Barres
Keyword(s):  
Schwann Cells ◽  
Motor Neurons ◽  
Synapse Formation ◽  
Spinal Motor Neurons ◽  
Spinal Motor
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document