Urea Clearance in Dysfunctional Catheters Is Improved by Reversing the Line Position Despite Increased Access Recirculation

2005 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 883-890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel C. Carson ◽  
Mercedeh Kiaii ◽  
Jennifer M. MacRae
Keyword(s):  
Line Position ◽  
Urea Clearance

Are HOLZ lines kinematic in off-zone-axis orientation?

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 692-693
Author(s):  
J. M. Zuo ◽  
A. L. Weickenmeier ◽  
R. Holmestad ◽  
J. C. H. Spence
Keyword(s):  
Structure Determination ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
High Order ◽  
Zone Axis ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Line Position ◽  
Measured Intensity ◽  
Constant Intensity ◽  
Axis Orientation ◽  
Diffraction Condition

The application of high order reflections in a weak diffraction condition off the zone axis center, including those in high order laue zones (HOLZ), holds great promise for structure determination using convergent beam electron diffraction (CBED). It is believed that in this case the intensities of high order reflections are kinematic or two-beam like. Hence, the measured intensity can be related to the structure factor amplitude. Then the standard procedure of structure determination in crystallography may be used for solving unknown structures. The dynamic effect on HOLZ line position and intensity in a strongly diffracting zone axis is well known. In a weak diffraction condition, the HOLZ line position may be approximated by the kinematic position, however, it is not clear whether this is also true for HOLZ intensities. The HOLZ lines, as they appear in CBED patterns, do show strong intensity variations along the line especially near the crossing of two lines, rather than constant intensity along the Bragg condition as predicted by kinematic or two beam theory.

Improved algorithm on contour line position relation

2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 1193-1197
Author(s):  
Huai-qing HE ◽  
Peng YANG
Keyword(s):  
Contour Line ◽  
Line Position ◽  
Improved Algorithm

The H216O molecule: Line position and line intensity analyses up to the second triad

2008 ◽  
Vol 251 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 339-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.H. Coudert ◽  
G. Wagner ◽  
M. Birk ◽  
Yu.I. Baranov ◽  
W.J. Lafferty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Line Intensity ◽  
Line Position

Evaluation of Renal Function During Childhood

1996 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 175-180
Author(s):  
Bassam A. Atiyeh ◽  
Shermine S. Dabbagh ◽  
Alan B. Gruskin
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Serum Creatinine ◽  
Neonatal Period ◽  
Urinary Concentration ◽  
Urine Collection ◽  
Limited Capacity ◽  
Urea Clearance ◽  
Schwartz Formula ◽  
Creatinine Concentration ◽  
Plasma Creatinine Concentration

There are several methods to evaluate renal function during childhood. The use of serum creatinine, either alone or in combination with the Schwartz formula, is reliable and quick, but requires knowledge of conceptual age. A plasma creatinine concentration of 88.4 µmol/L (1.0 mg/dL), for example, represents normal renal function in an adolescent but more than 50% loss of renal function in a 5-year-old child. A timed urine collection for creatinine clearance is another evaluative method, but the adequacy of the urine collection always should be determined first. Urea clearance rarely is used to measure GFR because of the complex factors that influence urea excreation. Measurement of the disappearance of radioactive-labeled substances in plasma can be used to determine GFR. Radionuclide renal scans also can be used and offer the advantage of estimating the GFR of each kidney. Although infants and newborns have an intact urine diluting ability, their concentrating ability is impaired. The maximal urinary concentration in the neonatal period is less than 700 mOsm/kg, but reaches adult values of 1200 mOsm/kg by 6 to 12 months of life. Similarly, the infant kidney has a limited capacity for salt regulation, predisposing the infant to salt disturbances.

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