Effects of the Feedline Position on Microstrip Patch Antenna Performance

In this study, it is aimed to demonstrate the effects of the feed line position on the operating frequency, return loss and bandwidth of the rectangular patch microstrip antenna. For this purpose, a compact-sized antenna that can operate at 2.4-2.45 GHz frequencies is designed in High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) program. Then, the position of the feedline is changed horizontally and vertically, and its effects are observed. The results obtained after the modificaions are given and discussed. It is stated that the feed line position is a very important parameter that affects the basic characteristics of the antenna.

Line Position-Dependent Effect in Line-by-Line Inscribed Fiber Bragg Gratings

Line-by-line direct writing by femtosecond laser has been proved to be a simple and effective method for the fabrication of low-loss fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs), and is more flexible compared with the traditional ultraviolet exposure method. In this paper, the line-position-dependent characteristics of cladding modes coupling in line-by-line FBGs have been studied, to the best of our knowledge, for the first time. Both theoretical and experimental results show that off-center inscribing could compress the bandwidth of the Bragg resonance and excite more abundant cladding mode coupling, in which the core-guided fundamental mode would couple to the cladding-guided LP0n and LP1n simultaneously. By aligning the line positions across the core region, the first apodized line-by-line FBG was achieved. This work enriches the theories of line-by-line FBGs and provides an inscription guidance to meet different application requirements.

CLiP, catheter and line position dataset

Correct catheter position is crucial to ensuring appropriate function of the catheter and avoid complications. This paper describes a dataset consisting of 50,612 image level and 17,999 manually labelled annotations from 30,083 chest radiographs from the publicly available NIH ChestXRay14 dataset with manually annotated and segmented endotracheal tubes (ETT), nasoenteric tubes (NET) and central venous catheters (CVCs).

The sensitivity of Cook Glacier, East Antarctica, to changes in ice-shelf extent and grounding-line position

The Wilkes Subglacial Basin in East Antarctica contains ice equivalent to 3–4 m of global mean sea level rise and is primarily drained by Cook Glacier. Of concern is that recent observations (since the 1970s) show an acceleration in ice speed over the grounding line of both the Eastern and Western portions of Cook Glacier. Here, we use a numerical ice-flow model (Úa) to simulate the instantaneous effects of observed changes at the terminus of Cook Glacier in order to understand the link between these changes and recently observed ice acceleration. Simulations suggest that the acceleration of Cook West was caused by a retreat in calving-front position in the 1970s, potentially enhanced by grounding-line retreat, while acceleration of Cook East was likely caused by ice-shelf thinning and grounding-line retreat in the mid-1990s. Moreover, we show that the instantaneous ice discharge at Cook East would increase by up to 85% if the whole ice shelf is removed and it ungrounds from a pinning point; and that the discharge at Cook West could increase by ~300% if its grounding line retreated by 10 km.

Factors Affecting Squatting Ability in Total Knee Arthroplasty Using High Flexion Prosthesis

Background: Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is widely used as a treatment for knee osteoarthritis. Few studies have analyzed the factors affecting squatting ability of patients after TKA. The purpose of this study is to comprehensively analyze the factors affecting squatting ability after TKA and to determine which important factors should be paid attention to.Methods: Three hundred primary TKA cases with a minimum 3-year follow-up were retrospectively analyzed. All patients received a conventional posterior-stabilized TKA implant and underwent a standard perioperative care pathway. The patients were divided into two groups according to the knee flexion angle (Group I -squatting group, Group II - inability squatting group). Demographic, operative, and clinical data were collected. Radiographic assessment included joint line joint line elevation, patella position, posterior condylar offset (PCO) , etc. Statistical analysis of effect of all the above factors on squatting ability was done. Results: The univariate analysis showed age, prosthesis size, preoperative ROM and joint line position were correlated with squatting ability (p-values ≤0.10). In the final multivariate analysis, joint line position and preoperative ROM were independent influencing factors that affecting squatting ability after TKA (p-values < 0.01). Conclusion: Preoperative ROM and joint line position were independent influencing factors affecting squatting ability after TKA. Patients should be counseled accordingly and made to understand these factors. In order to ensure patients can squat postoperatively, we should improve surgical techniques to control joint line elevation.

Bed topography and marine ice-sheet stability

This paper examines the effect of basal topography and strength on the grounding-line position, flux and stability of rapidly-sliding ice streams. It does so by supposing that the buoyancy of the ice stream is small, and of the same order as the longitudinal stress gradient. Making this scaling assumption makes the role of the basal gradient and accumulation rate explicit in the lowest order expression for the ice flux at the grounding line and also provides the transcendental equation for the grounding-line position. It also introduces into the stability condition terms in the basal curvature and accumulation-rate gradient. These expressions revert to well-established expressions in circumstances in which the thickness gradient is large at the grounding line, a result which is shown to be the consequence of the non-linearity of the flow. The behaviour of the grounding-line flux is illustrated for a range of bed topographies and strengths. We show that, when bed topography at a horizontal scale of several tens of ice thicknesses is present, the grounding-line flux and stability have more complex dependencies on bed gradient than that associated with the ‘marine ice-sheet instability hypothesis’, and that unstable grounding-line positions can occur on prograde beds as well as stable positions on retrograde beds.

Introduction

The introduction outlines how American evangelical Christians have responded to refugees and immigrants to the United States since the early 1960s and into the twenty-first century. It sketches the evangelical theology of hospitality, which drove this activism into the late 1980s, and notes the significant shift which took place in evangelical immigration attitudes in the 1990s. While political leanings have always shaped evangelicals’ practical responses and political positions on immigration, mainstream evangelicals’ alliance with the Republican Party profoundly impacted their theology of hospitality as the Grand Old Party shifted toward a hard-line position on immigration. The introduction provides historical context for this activism and introduces the main question which drives the book: Why did evangelicals for many years embrace an immigrant- and refugee-friendly theology, only to replace their scriptural convictions with a more skeptical interpretation of the biblical record once the issue became subject to a deeply polarized political debate?

Analysis of batch asymmetry and batch line position for the decision support in the glass melting process

This paper presents the results of research on the analysis of historical data from a vision system developed by the authors, installed inside a glass furnace in one of the packaging glassworks. In particular, the authors focused on analysis of the batch blanket asymmetry coefficient and the batch line position in the furnace tank. The information obtained from the vision system allows to see phenomena occurring in the glass furnace that were previously difficult to notice. Based on this, recommendations for operators have been formulated to facilitate the glass melting process more efficiently. Based on historical process data from the SCADA production system, several models were developed that allow the batch line position in the glass furnace to be estimated. The best accuracy was achieved using the model based on neural networks. Such a model can be used to optimise furnace operation, which is at present based on the experience of human operators.

Influence of Fertilizer Management on Sanded Soil and Its Response on Spatial Distribution of fine Roots

The fine root component, although it represents the lowest proportional biomass in a tree, has an important function in obtaining water and nutrients. In addition, it is an indicator of the physiological quality and growth of a tree. Thus, the objective of the study was to evaluate the spatial distribution of biomass and the density of fine roots in five different fertilizer treatments. The five treatments received increasing amounts of fertilizers. The collections were made between trees in the planting line and between the planting lines. Soil layers of 25 cm x 25 cm x 20 cm (length x width x depth) were collected until reaching a depth of 1 meter. Treatments that had less nutrient input via fertilization showed higher production of fine roots. In general, the line position in the superficial layers showed a higher density of fine roots. There was significant difference between the positions of the land monoliths and between the different layers. Strategically, the lower supply of nutrients via fertilization provided greater investment in the production of fine roots by trees in order to increase the area of absorption and exploration of the soil.

Measurement of Silicon Nanoparticles Temperature by Raman Spectroscopy

The temperature of silicon nanoparticles under laser photo-induced heating is determined from the ratio of the intensities of the Stokes and anti-Stokes components of the Raman scattering. The obtained results of the dependence of nanoparticles temperature on the laser radiation intensity and the temperature dependence of the Raman line position maybe used to determine the optimal regimes of photo-hyperthermia enhanced by silicon nanoparticles for cancer therapy.