Determination of Renal Stone Composition with Dual-Energy Computed Tomography: An Emerging Application

Objective: The aim of study was to study the chemical composition of renal stone in Sudanese population using computed tomography scan. Method: This is analytic study conducted in Khartoum state hospitals in the period from November 2018 to October 2019.The problem of the study was no similar study done in Sudanese populations. The study was done in 100 patients. The data was collected from computed tomography scan to the kidneys, ureters and urinary bladder. Classified and analyzed by statistical package for the social sciences application (SPSS). Results: The study found that most chemical composition of renal stone among Sudanese population was uric acid (0%), Cystine (26%) then Struvite (14%) and calcium (60%). The most effective age group with renal stone was (61-70) years old (36.7%) and same age group have a Struvite stone (28.3%). Furthermore, the most common age group with a cyctine renal stone were the cystine affect in the age between 50 years to 60 years old. The uric acid, Cystine, and calcium stone composition may be reliably predicted in vivo on the basis of dual-energy Computed tomography findings. In the future, a single dual-energy computed tomography examination may contribute to not only the identification but also the chemical characterization of stones in the urinary tract and it may add to the information available from non-enhanced conventional CT performed for evaluation of nephrolithiasis.

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First Prize (Tie): Dual-Energy Computed Tomography with Advanced Postimage Acquisition Data Processing: Improved Determination of Urinary Stone Composition

Journal of Endourology ◽

10.1089/end.2009.0193 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 24 (3) ◽

pp. 347-354 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Michael N. Ferrandino ◽

Sean A. Pierre ◽

Walter Neal Simmons ◽

Erik K. Paulson ◽

David M. Albala ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Data Processing ◽

Urinary Stone ◽

Dual Energy ◽

Stone Composition ◽

Dual Energy Computed Tomography

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In vivo determination of renal stone composition with dual-energy computed tomography

South African Journal of Radiology ◽

10.4102/sajr.v18i1.605 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

Author(s):

John-Henry Corbett ◽

Werner S. Harmse

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Uric Acid ◽

Renal Stone ◽

Effective Atomic Number ◽

Renal Stones ◽

Dual Energy ◽

Single Source ◽

Stone Composition ◽

Dual Energy Computed Tomography

Background: Composition of renal stones influences management of patients with renal stone disease. Currently stone composition can only be analysed ex vivo after stone extraction or passage, but recent introduction of dual-energy computed tomography (CT) to clinical practice has raised interest in the ability of this technology to determine composition of renal stones in vivo.Objectives: To determine renal stone composition in patients using single-source dual-energy rapid-peak kilovolt (kVp) switching CT.Method: Nineteen patients with renal stones for percutaneous nephrolithotomy were evaluated with single-source dual-energy computed tomography on a Discovery CT 750HD. The Gemstone Spectral Imaging (GSI) effective atomic number (Zeff) and attenuation at 70 keV monochromatic energy were used to predict the stone composition. Infrared spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction of stones after extraction served as the reference standard.Results: Two (10.5%) of the 19 stones had uric acid as major component. The other 17 (89.5%) were calcium-based stones. No statistically significant difference between the GSI Zeff and calculated effective atomic number (Z) for stone compounds was found. The GSI Zeff and attenuation could differentiate between uric acid and non-uric acid stones. No differentiation between different calcium stones could be made.Conclusion: Uric acid and non-uric acid renal stones can be differentiated with single-source dual-energy in vivo. The GSI Zeff reflects the dominant material in polycrystalline stones.

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Dual-Energy Computed Tomography untuk Menentukan Komposisi Batu Urin

Jurnal Radiologi Indonesia ◽

10.33748/jradidn.v2i2.54 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 104-116

Author(s):

Pramiadi Pramiadi ◽

Bambang Purwanto Utomo ◽

Nurhuda Hendra Setyawan

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Preoperative Evaluation ◽

Urinary Calculi ◽

Urinary Stone ◽

Dual Energy ◽

Common Disease ◽

Stone Composition ◽

Dual Energy Computed Tomography ◽

Imaging Pitfalls

Urolithiasis is a common disease with a reported prevalence between 4% and 20% in the worldwide. Determination of urinary calculi composition is a key factor in preoperative evaluation, treatment, and recurrence prevention. Dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) is available methods for determining urinary stone composition were only available after stone extraction, and thereby unable to aid in optimized stone management prior to intervention. DECT utilizes the attenuation difference produced by two different x-ray energy spectra to quantify urinary calculi composition while still providing the information attained with a conventional CT. Knowledge of DECT imaging pitfalls and stone mimics is important, as the added benefit of dual-energy analysis is the determination of stone composition, which in turn affects all aspects of stone management. This article describes DECT principles, scanner types and acquisition protocols for the evaluation of urinary calculi as they relate to imaging pitfalls (inconsistent characterization of small stones, small DECT field of view, and mischaracterization from surrounding material) and stone mimics (drainage devices) that may adversely impact clinical decisions.

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