Placenta and Fetal Membranes in Human Parturition and Preterm Delivery—A Workshop Report

The mechanism that initiates human parturition has been proposed to be functional progesterone withdrawal whereby the 116-kDa B isoform of the progesterone receptor (PR-B) switches in favor of the 94-kDa A isoform (PR-A) in reproductive tissues. Recently other PR isoforms, PR-S, PR-C, and PR-M generated from the same gene have been identified and partially characterized. Using immunohistochemical, Western blotting, and RT-PCR techniques, evidence is provided that the major PR isoform present in human term fetal membranes (amnion and chorion) and syncytiotrophoblast of the placenta is neither of the classical nuclear PR-B or PR-A isoforms but is the N terminally truncated 60-kDa PR-C isoform. Evidence is also provided that the PR-C isoform resides in the cytoplasm of the expressing cell types. Data are also presented to show that PR-B, PR-A, and PR-S isoforms are essentially absent from the amnion and chorion, whereas PR isoforms A, B, C, and S are all present in the decidua, with PR-A being the major isoform. The syncytiotrophoblast of the placenta contains the cytoplasmic PR-C isoform but not PR-A, PR-B, or PR-S. The major PR isoform in the amnion, chorion, and placenta is PR-C, suggesting that the cytoplasmic PR-C isoform has a specific role in extraembryonic tissues and may be involved in the regulation of human parturition.

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The Role of Calcium, Copper, Iron and Zinc in Preterm Delivery and Premature Rupture of Fetal Membranes

Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation ◽

10.1159/000299148 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 17 (4) ◽

pp. 194-201 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

P. Kiilholma ◽

M. Grönroos ◽

R. Erkkola ◽

P. Pakarinen ◽

V. Näntö

Keyword(s):

Preterm Delivery ◽

Fetal Membranes ◽

Premature Rupture ◽

Iron And Zinc

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The Role of Calcium, Copper, Iron and Zinc in Preterm Delivery and Premature Rupture of Fetal Membranes

Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey ◽

10.1097/00006254-198411000-00002 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 39 (11) ◽

pp. 679

Author(s):

P. KIILHOLMA ◽

M. GRÖNROOS ◽

R. ERKKOLA ◽

P. PAKARINEN ◽

V. NÄNTÖ

Keyword(s):

Preterm Delivery ◽

Fetal Membranes ◽

Premature Rupture ◽

Iron And Zinc

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Candidate Gene and MicroRNA Expression in Fetal Membranes and Preterm Delivery Risk

Reproductive Sciences ◽

10.1177/1933719115612925 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 23 (6) ◽

pp. 731-737 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Daniel A. Enquobahrie ◽

Mark Hensley ◽

Chunfang Qiu ◽

Dejene F. Abetew ◽

Karin Hevner ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Candidate Gene ◽

Preterm Delivery ◽

Microrna Expression ◽

Fetal Membranes

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Morphological features of the state of fetoplacental complex in women with early preterm birth after assisted reproductive technologies

HEALTH OF WOMAN ◽

10.15574/hw.2016.114.79 ◽

2016 ◽

pp. 79-81

Author(s):

A.S. Mandrykova ◽

Keyword(s):

Preterm Birth ◽

Preterm Delivery ◽

Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽

Reproductive Technologies ◽

Main Group ◽

Fetal Membranes ◽

Control Group ◽

Premature Rupture ◽

Fetoplacental Complex ◽

Early Preterm Birth

The objective: the study of morphofunctional changes of the fetoplacental complex at 28–33 weeks of gestation in women with early preterm delivery after the application of ART. Patients and methods. We have examined 130 patients whose pregnancy occurred after the use of ART. This is the woman who gave birth at 28–33 weeks of gestation. Of these, 80 women had early premature births in the background premature rupture of fetal membranes, 50 – patients with early preterm delivery and timely rupture of fetal membranes (control group 2). The main group included 4 groups of 20 women with regard to the duration of anhydrous interval: 1.1 – anhydrous interval 5–6 hours (main group 1); 1.2 – anhydrous span 24 hours; 1.3 – anhydrous interval 45–48 hours; 1.4 – anhydrous period 5 days after PRFM. Results. Thus, the results of the research indicate that the main cause of early preterm birth in women after using ART are structural dezorhanization changes of collagen fibers of the connective tissue amnion and chorionic which lead to the appearance of microscopic defects – delamination its surface, causing premature rupture of fetal membranes the launch stage localized focal immediate type hypersensitivity reactions and restructuring epithelial cell membranes. Neutrophil macrophage properties in this case reduced and programmed to perform a cycle of incomplete phagocytosis, which increases the synthesis of inflammatory cytokines in the area of rupture of fetal membranes. Сonclusion. Reduced activity of neutrophils increases the effect of abuse and cytokine balance in favor predictor of early spontaneous labor at 28-33 weeks of gestation. Key words: morphological changes of the fetoplacental complex, early preterm birth, expectant tactics of childbirth.

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Initiation of Human Parturition: XIII. Phospholipase C, Phospholipase A2, and Diacylglycerol Lipase Activities in Fetal Membranes and Decidua Vera Tissues from Early and Late Gestation1

Biology of Reproduction ◽

10.1095/biolreprod25.1.103 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 103-109 ◽

Cited By ~ 64

Author(s):

Takeshi Okazaki ◽

Norimasa Sagawa ◽

John E. Bleasdale ◽

Janice R. Okita ◽

Paul C. Macdonald ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phospholipase A2 ◽

Phospholipase C ◽

Fetal Membranes ◽

Diacylglycerol Lipase ◽

Human Parturition

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Induction of PGF2α Synthesis by Cortisol Through GR Dependent Induction of CBR1 in Human Amnion Fibroblasts

Endocrinology ◽

10.1210/en.2013-1848 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 155 (8) ◽

pp. 3017-3024 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Chunming Guo ◽

Wangsheng Wang ◽

Chao Liu ◽

Leslie Myatt ◽

Kang Sun

Keyword(s):

Rna Polymerase Ii ◽

Critical Role ◽

Prostaglandin F2α ◽

Fetal Membranes ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Concentration Dependent Manner ◽

Human Amnion ◽

Antagonist Ru486 ◽

Human Parturition

Abundant evidence indicates a pivotal role of prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) in human parturition. Both the fetal and maternal sides of the fetal membranes synthesize PGF2α. In addition to the synthesis of PGF2α from PGH2 by PGF synthase (PGFS), PGF2α can also be converted from PGE2 by carbonyl reductase 1 (CBR1). Here, we showed that there was concurrent increased production of cortisol and PGF2α in association with the elevation of CBR1 in human amnion obtained at term with labor versus term without labor. In cultured primary human amnion fibroblasts, cortisol (0.01–1μM) increased PGF2α production in a concentration-dependent manner, in parallel with elevation of CBR1 levels. Either siRNA-mediated knockdown of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) expression or GR antagonist RU486 attenuated the induction of CBR1 by cortisol. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) showed an increased enrichment of both GR and RNA polymerase II to CBR1 promoter. Knockdown of CBR1 expression with siRNA or inhibition of CBR1 activity with rutin decreased both basal and cortisol-stimulated PGF2α production in human amnion fibroblasts. In conclusion, CBR1 may play a critical role in PGF2α synthesis in human amnion fibroblasts, and cortisol promotes the conversion of PGE2 into PGF2α via GR-mediated induction of CBR1 in human amnion fibroblasts. This stimulatory effect of cortisol on CBR1 expression may partly explain the concurrent increases of cortisol and PGF2α in human amnion tissue with labor, and these findings may account for the increased production of PGF2α in the fetal membranes prior to the onset of labor.

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