6 Cranial Nerve VII: Facial Nerve Disorders

Sporadic vestibular schwannoma (VS) is the commonest tumour of the cerebellopontine angle and comprise 6–8% of all intracranial tumours. The incidence varies between 12 and 20 cases per million inhabitants and years in different reports; a large minority of these tumours grow during follow-up. Treatment options include wait and scan, microsurgery, radiosurgery, and radiotherapy. Micro- and radiosurgery are well validated to offer long-term tumour control, but patients may suffer from hearing deficit and facial nerve paresis. Unexpectedly, long-term life quality is more affected by vertigo and headaches. Other cranial nerve schwannomas cause symptoms depending on the affected nerves and respond to the same therapies when treatment is indicated.

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Hearing loss

10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0051 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

James Ramsden

Keyword(s):

Hearing Loss ◽

Facial Nerve ◽

Middle Ear ◽

Cranial Nerve ◽

Nerve Palsy ◽

Facial Nerve Palsy ◽

Conductive Hearing Loss ◽

Ear Canal ◽

Eighth Cranial Nerve ◽

Conductive Hearing

Hearing loss must be divided into conductive hearing loss (CHL) and sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). CHL is caused by sound not reaching the cochlear (abnormality of the ear canal, tympanic membrane, middle ear, or ossicles), whereas SNHL is a condition affecting the cochlear or auditory (eighth cranial) nerve. Hearing loss may be accompanied by other cardinal signs of ear disease, such as pain or discharge from the ear, vertigo, facial nerve palsy, and tinnitus, which guide the diagnosis. This chapter describes the approach to the patient with hearing loss.

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Endoscopic Removal of Skull Base Chordoma Type III through Single Skull Base Approach: Our Early Experience

Bangladesh Journal of Neurosurgery ◽

10.3329/bjns.v9i1.42926 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 57-63

Author(s):

Shamsul Alam ◽

Mohammad Sujan Sharif ◽

Rathin Haldar ◽

Anil Chaudhury ◽

Abdullah Al Mahbub ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Facial Nerve ◽

Skull Base ◽

Cranial Nerve ◽

Nerve Palsy ◽

Facial Nerve Palsy ◽

Lower Cranial Nerve ◽

Base Approach ◽

Type Iii ◽

Skull Base Approach ◽

Skull Base Chordoma

Introduction: Skull base chordomas present with headache, commonly VI cranial nerve palsy or sometimes with lower cranial nerve involvement.Sometimes in neglected case it presents with complete blindness and facial nerve palsy. Case presentation: A 60-year old man presented with headache,visual disturbance progressing to blindness and facial nerve palsy. At first, radiological imaging showed large tumor which eroded his clivus, sella floor and involved both cavernous carotid more on left side,both ethmoid sinus,middle cranial fossa entension with transdural extension posteriorly. Conclusion: Patients who present with complete blindness and facial nerve palsy, endoscopic excision in a single skull base approach of a skull base chordoma type III is challenging and who developed visual improvement following surgery, has been highlighted in this report. Bang. J Neurosurgery 2019; 9(1): 57-63

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End-to-side intrapetrous hypoglossal–facial anastomosis for reanimation of the face

Journal of Neurosurgery ◽

10.3171/jns.2006.104.3.457 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 104 (3) ◽

pp. 457-460 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Stefano Ferraresi ◽

Debora Garozzo ◽

Vittorino Migliorini ◽

Paolo Buffatti

Keyword(s):

Facial Nerve ◽

Cranial Nerve ◽

Orbicularis Oculi Muscle ◽

Orbicularis Oculi ◽

Fascial Sling ◽

The Face ◽

Gold Weight ◽

A New Technique ◽

12Th Cranial Nerve ◽

Graft Interposition

✓ The aim of this paper was to report on further experience with a new technique for reanimation of the facial nerve. This procedure allows a straight end-to-side hypoglossal–facial anastomosis without interruption of the 12th cranial nerve or the need for graft interposition. It is technically demanding and time consuming but offers an effective, reliable, and extraordinarily quick means of reinnervating the facial muscles, including the orbicularis oculi muscle, thus avoiding the need for a gold weight in the eyelid or a fascial sling.

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Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring in vestibular schwannoma surgery: advances and clinical implications

Neurosurgical FOCUS ◽

10.3171/2009.8.focus09144 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 27 (4) ◽

pp. E9 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

A. Samy Youssef ◽

Angela E. Downes

Keyword(s):

Facial Nerve ◽

Functional Outcome ◽

Vestibular Schwannoma ◽

Cranial Nerve ◽

Evoked Potential ◽

Hearing Preservation ◽

Auditory Evoked Potential ◽

Intraoperative Neurophysiological Monitoring ◽

Neurophysiological Monitoring ◽

Clinical Series

Object Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring has become an integral part of vestibular schwannoma surgery. The aim of this article was to review the different techniques of intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring in vestibular schwannoma surgery, identify the clinical impact of certain pathognomonic patterns on postoperative outcomes of facial nerve function and hearing preservation, and highlight the role of postoperative medications in improving delayed cranial nerve dysfunction in the different reported series. Methods The authors performed a review of the literature regarding intraoperative monitoring in acoustic/vestibular schwannoma surgery. The different clinical series representing different monitoring techniques were reviewed. All the data from clinical series were analyzed in a comprehensive and comparative model. Results Intraoperative brainstem auditory evoked potential monitoring, direct cochlear nerve action potential monitoring, and facial nerve electromyography are the main tools used to assess the functional integrity of an anatomically intact cranial nerve. The identification of pathognomonic brainstem auditory evoked potential and electromyography patterns has been correlated with postoperative functional outcome. Recently, perioperative administration of intravenous hydroxyethyl starch and nimodipine as vasoactive and neuroprotective agents was shown to improve vestibular schwannoma functional outcome in few reported studies. Conclusions Recent advances in electrophysiological technology have considerably contributed to improvement in functional outcome of vestibular neuroma surgery in terms of hearing preservation and facial nerve paresis. Perioperative intravenous nimodipine and hydroxyethyl starch may be valuable additions to surgery.

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Course of the Peripheral Gustatory Nerves

Annals of Otology Rhinology & Laryngology ◽

10.1177/000348947708600219 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 86 (2) ◽

pp. 251-258 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Heinz Rollin

Keyword(s):

Facial Nerve ◽

Medulla Oblongata ◽

Trigeminal Nerve ◽

Soft Palate ◽

Cranial Nerve ◽

Anterior Part ◽

Posterior Part ◽

Greater Superficial Petrosal Nerve ◽

The Brain

The multiple variations of the course of the gustatory nerves still considered possible are discussed. Recent investigations lead to the conclusion that there is only one path for the gustatory fibers for each gustatory area: 1) from the anterior part of the tongue via the tympanic cord and facial nerve to the medulla oblongata; 2) for the posterior part of the tongue in the IX cranial nerve; and 3) from the soft palate via the greater superficial petrosal nerve to the facial nerve. The trigeminal nerve carries no gustatory fibers to the brain.

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Development of optic nerve and facial nerve models for cranial nerve examination training

2012 IEEE/SICE International Symposium on System Integration (SII) ◽

10.1109/sii.2012.6427317 ◽

2012 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Chunbao Wang ◽

Yohan Noh ◽

Chihara Terunaga ◽

Mitsuhiro Tokumoto ◽

Matsuoka Yusuke ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Optic Nerve ◽

Facial Nerve ◽

Cranial Nerve

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