The use of salivary Cortisol measurements for the non-invasive assessment of adrenal cortical function in guinea pigs

2009 ◽  
Vol 105 (03) ◽  
pp. 163-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Fenske
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Cortical Function ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Adrenal Cortical Function

scholarly journals Relation of Adrenal Cortical Function to Scurvy in Guinea-pigs

BMJ ◽  
1951 ◽  
Vol 2 (4737) ◽  
pp. 927-930 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. E. Clayton ◽  
F. T. G. Prunty
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Cortical Function ◽  
Adrenal Cortical Function

scholarly journals Salivary Cortisol: A Better Measure of Adrenal Cortical Function than Serum Cortisol

1983 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 329-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross F Vining ◽  
Robynne A McGinley ◽  
Joseph J Maksvytis ◽  
Kian Y Ho
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Circadian Variation ◽  
Serum Cortisol ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Cortisol Concentration ◽  
Adrenocortical Function ◽  
Cortical Function ◽  
Acth Stimulation ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Normal Men

Salivary Cortisol concentration was found to be directly proportional to the serum unbound Cortisol concentration both in normal men and women and in women with elevated cortisol-binding globulin (CBG). The correlation was excellent in dynamic tests of adrenal function (dexamethasone suppression, ACTH stimulation), in normals and patients with adrenal insufficiency, in tests of circadian variation and randomly collected samples. Women in the third trimester of normal pregnancy exhibited elevated salivary Cortisol throughout the day. The relationship between salivary and serum total Cortisol concentration was markedly non-linear with a more rapid increase in salivary concentration once the serum CBG was saturated. The rate of equilibrium of Cortisol between blood and saliva was very fast, being much less than 5 minutes. These data, combined with a simple, stress-free, non-invasive collection procedure, lead us to suggest that salivary Cortisol is a more appropriate measure for the clinical assessment of adrenocortical function than is serum Cortisol.

scholarly journals Salivary cortisol as a non-invasive approach to assess stress in dystocic dairy calves

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Levente Kovács ◽  
Fruzsina Luca Kézér ◽  
Szilárd Bodó ◽  
Ferenc Ruff ◽  
Rupert Palme ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Birth Process ◽  
Invasive Approach ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Saliva Cortisol ◽  
Cortisol Levels

AbstractThe intensity and the magnitude of saliva cortisol responses were investigated during the first 48 h following birth in newborn dairy calves which underwent normal (eutocic, EUT, n = 88) and difficult (dystocic, DYS, n = 70) calvings. The effects of parity and body condition of the dam, the duration of parturition, the time spent licking the calf, the sex and birth weight of the calf were also analyzed. Neonatal salivary cortisol concentrations were influenced neither by factors related to the dam (parity, body condition) nor the calf (sex, birth weight). The duration of parturition and the time spent licking the calf also had no effect on salivary cortisol levels. Salivary cortisol concentrations increased rapidly after delivery in both groups to reach their peak levels at 45 and 60 min after delivery in EUT and DYS calves, respectively supporting that the birth process means considerable stress for calves and the immediate postnatal period also appears to be stressful for newborn calves. DYS calves exhibited higher salivary cortisol concentrations compared to EUT ones for 0 (P = 0.022), 15 (P = 0.016), 30 (P = 0.007), 45 (P = 0.003), 60 (P = 0.001) and 120 min (P = 0.001), and for 24 h (P = 0.040), respectively. Peak levels of salivary cortisol and the cortisol release into saliva calculated as AUC were higher in DYS than in EUT calves for the 48-h of the sampling period (P = 0.009 and P = 0.003, respectively). The greater magnitude of saliva cortisol levels in DYS calves compared to EUT ones suggest that difficult parturition means severe stress for bovine neonates and salivary cortisol could be an opportunity for non-invasive assessment of stress during the early neonatal period in cattle.

Evaluation of Adrenal Cortical Function in Neonatal and Weanling Laboratory Beagle Dogs

2021 ◽  
pp. 019262332110094
Author(s):  
Janet M. Petruska ◽  
Maria Adamo ◽  
Jeffrey McCartney ◽  
Ahamat Aboulmali ◽  
Thomas J. Rosol
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Beagle Dogs ◽  
Cortical Function ◽  
Test Species ◽  
Toxicity Studies ◽  
Gland Function ◽  
Common Target ◽  
Adrenal Cortical Function

The most common target organ for toxicity in the endocrine system is the adrenal gland, and its function is dependent upon the hypothalamus and pituitary gland. Histopathologic examination of the adrenal glands and pituitary gland is routinely performed in toxicity studies. However, the function of the adrenal gland is not routinely assessed in toxicity studies. Assessment of adrenal cortical function may be necessary to determine whether a histopathologic finding in the adrenal cortex results in a functional effect in the test species. As juvenile toxicity studies are more commonly performed in support of pediatric indications for pharmaceuticals, it is important to establish historical control data for adrenal gland function. In this study, adrenal cortical function was assessed in control neonatal and weanling beagle dogs as part of an ongoing juvenile toxicology program. Measurements of serum adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), cortisol prior to and following administration of exogenous ACTH, and aldosterone were conducted beginning at 2 weeks of age continuing through 26 weeks of age. Serum electrolyte concentrations were determined at 4, 13, and 26 weeks of age. Dogs as young as 2 weeks of age synthesize and secrete adrenal cortical hormones and exhibit a functional hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis.

scholarly journals ADRENAL CORTICAL FUNCTION IN PATIENTS WITH TETANUS

1970 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 531-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.J. LEVELL ◽  
S.R. STITCH ◽  
J.R.W. DYKES ◽  
J.J.L. ABLETT
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Function ◽  
Adrenal Cortical Function

Abstract P160: Non-invasive Method to Assess Human Circadian Rhythms

Hypertension ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 68 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daian Chen ◽  
S Justin Thomas ◽  
David A Calhoun ◽  
David M Pollock ◽  
Jennifer S Pollock
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Clock Genes ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Rna Isolation ◽  
Buccal Cells ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Salivary Melatonin

Circadian rhythms are controlled by an endogenous time-keeping system oscillating approximately on a 24-h cycle under constant conditions. These rhythms depend on a network of interacting genes and proteins, including transcriptional activators such as CLOCK, NPAS2, and ARNTL (BMAL1), which induce transcription of the clock genes Period ( Per1 , Per2 , and Per3 ) and Cryptochrome ( Cry1 and Cry2 ). Human salivary cortisol and melatonin follow a clear circadian rhythm as well. Disruption of the circadian rhythm and sleep-wake cycles are considered risk factors for a variety of health problems, especially hypertension and other cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Here we put together practical methods for assessing circadian rhythms in adult subjects conducted by each individual. This method is non-invasive, inexpensive and provides a predictive profile of an individual’s circadian rhythm related to clock-controlled gene expression in buccal cells, salivary cortisol, salivary melatonin, and subject’s activity or sleep. Subjects are instructed on how to obtain buccal cells using swabs (Whatman OmniSwab) from the inside of their cheeks and collect saliva using salivettes (Sarstedt) every 4 hours starting at 6am, for 2 consecutive days. Subjects also wear actigraphy watches (Phillips Respironics) during the 2 days, to record their activity, light exposure and estimates of sleep times. To monitor adherence to correct time point collections, each subject is given an electronic vial called eCAP (Information Mediary Corp) that records the exact time the container is opened to place samples once collected. We demonstrate feasibility to extract up to 150ng/μl of RNA (Ambion RNAqueous-Micro Total RNA Isolation Kit) from buccal cells swabs. Salivary melatonin and cortisol are measured by radioimmunoassay (Buhlmann Lab) with melatonin peak levels ranging from 14 to 23 pg/ml and cortisol peak levels ranging from 10 to 24 ng/ml. We suggest that buccal cell expression of clock-controlled genes, salivary melatonin, salivary cortisol, and actigraphy data are valuable in providing reliable assessment of human circadian rhythm profiles under a variety of conditions.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document