Scott A. Snyder at Columbia University demonstrated (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2012, 134, 17714) that tetrahydrofuran 1 could be readily converted to oxocane 2 by treatment with the BDSB reagent developed in his laboratory. Reduction of 2 with DIBAL-H initiated a second ring closure by mesylate displacement to form the bicycle 3, which represented a formal total synthesis of laurefucin 4. Andrew L. Lawrence at the Australian National University found (Org. Lett. 2012, 14, 4537) that upon treatment with catalytic base, rengyolone 6, which was prepared in one pot from phenol 5, could be converted to the natural products incarviditone 7 and incarvilleatone 8. This demonstration provides strong support for the postulated biomimetic formation of these natural products. Shuanhu Gao at East China Normal University reported (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2012, 51, 7786) the total synthesis of (+)-fusarisetin A 12 via biomimetic oxidation of equisetin 10 to produce the peroxy compound 11, followed by reduction. The bicyclic carbon skeleton of equisetin 10 was synthesized by intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction of trienyl aldehyde 9. The ellagitannin natural product (+)-davidiin 15 possesses a glucopyranose core with the unusual 1C4 (tetraaxial) conformation due to the presence of a biaryl bridge between two of the galloyl groups. Hidetoshi Yamada at Kwansei Gakuin University constructed (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2012, 51, 8026) this bridge by oxidation with CuCl2 of 13, in which the three sterically demanding triisopropylsiloxy groups enforce the requisite tetraaxial conformation. John A. Porco, Jr. at Boston University applied (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2012, 134, 13108) his asymmetric [3+2] photocycloaddition chemistry to the total synthesis of the aglain natural product (+)-ponapensin 20. Irradiation of hydroxyflavone 16 with methyl cinnamate 17 in the presence of diol 18 afforded the entire core framework 19 of ponapensin 20, which was accessed in just a few further synthetic transformations. Finally, Silas P. Cook at Indiana University reported (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2012, 134,13577) a five-pot total synthesis of the antimalarial (+)-artemisinin 25. Cyclohexenone 21 was converted by simple operations to aldehyde 22. This aldehyde was then engaged in a [4+2] cycloaddition with the silyl ketene acetal 23 to produce, after an impressive Wacker oxidation of the disubstituted olefin, bicycle 24.
Application of Vicarious Nucleophilic Substitution to the Total Synthesis of dl-Physostigmine.
