Patient Exposure and Radiation Risk in Bulgarian Diagnostic Nuclear Medicine I. Survey of Diagnostic Nuclear Medicine Procedures in Bulgaria in 1980

1982 ◽  
Vol 21 (03) ◽  
pp. 85-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Poppitz
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Medicine ◽  
Radiation Risk ◽  
Patient Exposure ◽  
Diagnostic Nuclear Medicine ◽  
Nuklearmedizinische Diagnostik ◽  
Nuclear Medicine Procedures

Um die Strahlenexposition und das Strahlenrisiko für die Bevölkerung durch die nuklearmedizinische Diagnostik in Bulgarien zu ermitteln, wurde eine Erhebung für das Jahr 1980 über die Arten und Anzahl der Applikationen von Radiopharmaka, über die verwendeten Aktivitäten und über die Geschlechts- und Altersverteilung der untersuchten Patienten durchgeführt. Die Gesamtzahl diagnostischer in vivo Applikationen betrug 116418 (davon 40,5% bei Männern und 59,5% bei Frauen), d.h. 13,1 Applikationen per 1000 Einwohner. Die applizierte Gesamtaktivität aller 44 verwendeter Radiopharmaka betrug ca. 2,1 TBq (56 Ci). Die Geschlechts- und Altersverteilung der untersuchten Patienten war ähnlich jener in anderen Ländern: nur 17,4% aller Patienten waren im reproduktionsfähigen Alter, 52,7% waren über 45 Jahre alt. Im Vergleich zu anderen entwickelten Ländern war in Bulgarien im Jahr 1980 der Anteil der 131J-Jodid-Untersuchungen verhältnismäßig hoch.

Patient Exposure and Radiation Risk in Bulgarian Diagnostic Nuclear Medicine II. Somatically Effective Dose Equivalents to the Patients and Assessment of Risk

1982 ◽  
Vol 21 (03) ◽  
pp. 92-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Poppitz
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Medicine ◽  
Effective Dose ◽  
Radiation Risk ◽  
Patient Exposure ◽  
Diagnostic Nuclear Medicine

Es wird über die somatisch effektiven Äquivalentdosen bei den häufigst verwendeten nuklearmedizinischen diagnostischen Applikationen in Bulgarien 1980 berichtet. Unter Verwendung der ICRP Risikofaktoren für stochastische somatische Wirkungen wurde der Erwartungswert strahleninduzierter maligner Neubildungen mit tödlichem Ausgang in der Zukunft, bedingt durch diese medizinische Bestrahlungsart, berechnet. Dieser Wert (ca. 10 Neubildungen) ist verhältnismäßig klein im Vergleich zu der Gesamtzahl der offiziell registrierten Malignome in Bulgarien. Ein Vergleich der traditionell verwendeten Bevölkerungsdosen (z.B. GSD, LSD) für Bulgarien und für andere Länder wurde ebenfalls durchgeführt. Es wird empfohlen, durch eine verminderte Anwendung von 131J-Jodid in der in vivo Schilddrüsendiagnostik eine Herabsetzung der Strahlenbelastung der Patienten zu erreichen.

scholarly journals Patient radiation dose assessment system for diagnostic nuclear medicine procedures: Implementation and first results

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 380-385
Author(s):  
Dea Dundara-Debeljuh ◽  
Slaven Jurkovic ◽  
Ivan Pribanic ◽  
Neva Girotto ◽  
Svjetlana Grbac-Ivankovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Medicine ◽  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Radiation Risk ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
Dose Assessment ◽  
Medical Documentation ◽  
Diagnostic Nuclear Medicine ◽  
Nuclear Medicine Procedures ◽  
Radiation Dose Assessment ◽  
Patient Radiation Dose

Dose assessment of diagnostic nuclear medicine procedures is necessary to further optimize respective procedure, estimate radiation risk, improve radiation safety and verify compliance of local practice with guidelines. In line with Council Directive 2013/59/EURATOM, patient medical documentation should include information related to radiation exposure. The aim of this work is to present the patient radiation dose assessment system designed for routine clinical use, that uses in-house designed worksheets for dose calculation based on relevant parameters introduced by the ICRP publications. Dose reports provide information about the absorbed dose delivered to the target and non-target organs of interest and the effective dose for each diagnostic procedure. The data from the dose reports was used to investigate average patient exposure levels during a one-year period and the results are presented. The implemented system has improved the quality of services provided and understanding of radiation risks. Moreover, the presented results have stimulated further optimization of nuclear medicine processes.

Chelators and metal complex stability for radiopharmaceutical applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 107 (9-11) ◽  
pp. 1087-1120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nkemakonam C. Okoye ◽  
Jakob E. Baumeister ◽  
Firouzeh Najafi Khosroshahi ◽  
Heather M. Hennkens ◽  
Silvia S. Jurisson
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Medicine ◽  
Metal Complex ◽  
Complex Stability ◽  
Critical Aspect ◽  
Technetium 99M ◽  
Diagnostic Nuclear Medicine ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Therapeutic Nuclear Medicine

Abstract Diagnostic and therapeutic nuclear medicine relies heavily on radiometal nuclides. The most widely used and well-known radionuclide is technetium-99m (99mTc), which has dominated diagnostic nuclear medicine since the advent of the 99Mo/99mTc generator in the 1960s. Since that time, many more radiometals have been developed and incorporated into potential radiopharmaceuticals. One critical aspect of radiometal-containing radiopharmaceuticals is their stability under in vivo conditions. The chelator that is coordinated to the radiometal is a key factor in determining radiometal complex stability. The chelators that have shown the most promise and are under investigation in the development of diagnostic and therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals over the last 5 years are discussed in this review.

Nuklearmedizin in Deutschland

2011 ◽  
Vol 50 (02) ◽  
pp. 53-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Grgic ◽  
J. Kotzerke ◽  
C.-M. Kirsch ◽  
D. Hellwig
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Medicine ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lengths Of Stay ◽  
Health Care Structure ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
Care Structure ◽  
Cross Sectional Imaging ◽  
Nuclear Medicine Procedures ◽  
Bone Scans

SummaryAim: To explain the spectrum and number of in-vivo nuclear medicine examinations and therapies based on official statistics about out-patient and in-patient care. Trends in time of the frequency and spectrum of procedures as well as data on the health care structure for nuclear medicine in Germany should be collected. Methods: Data from the Gesundheitsberichterstattung des Bundes, from the frequency statistics of the statutory health insurance for out-patients and from the Bundes - ärztekammer were used. Customized queries were performed to analyse temporal changes. Results: Nuclear medicine physicians are more frequently consulted by out-patients over the last years (2008: 2 024 498; 2009: 2 164 664) and the number of colleagues in private practice increased. For in-patients, the frequency of conventional nuclear medicine procedures (mainly for brain, lymphatic system, lung and heart) increased since 2008 after a decline in previous years (2009: 323 515; +4.6%) and the number of PET(/CT) examinations continued to rise (2009: 25 123; +18%), even if changes in OPS keys may hamper comparisons. Nearly 600 gamma cameras and 76 PET(/CT) scanners were installed in hospitals in 2008. Nuclear medicine procedures are increasingly performed as cross sectional imaging like SPECT(/CT) and PET(/CT). With the supply shortfall with 99Mo, the frequency of thyroid scans with 123I iodine increased as well as the use of 18F PET as a substitute for conventional bone scans. The number of radionuclide therapies, in particular non-thyroid treatments, increased since the mid-nineties and stabilized at nearly 50 000 cases per year with shorter lengths of stay. Conclusion: The details of the present analysis may help to understand the positive evolution of key numbers for nuclear medicine.

Nuclear-medical irradiation during pregnancy

2009 ◽  
Vol 48 (01) ◽  
pp. 10-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.A. Nekolla ◽  
D. Noßke ◽  
J. Griebel ◽  
G. Brix ◽  
V. Minkov
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Medicine ◽  
Radiation Effects ◽  
Radiation Risk ◽  
Diagnostic Procedures ◽  
Excess Risk ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Reference Levels ◽  
Diagnostic Nuclear Medicine ◽  
Hereditary Effects ◽  
Individual Risk Assessment

Summary Aim: To estimate and evaluate the risks for the offspring due to the administration of radiopharmaceuticals to women during the first pregnancy weeks after conception (weeks p.c.). Methods: The in-utero exposition of the embryo due to diagnostic nuclear medicine procedures, for which diagnostic reference levels (DRL) are specified, as well as due to radio iodine therapy (RIT) was determined. To this end, it is assumed that the activity of the diagnostic radiopharmaceuticals administered to the mother corresponds with the DRL and amounts to 600 MBq or 4 GBq 131I for RIT of benign or malignant thyroid disease, respectively. Based on these data, the radiation risk for the offspring was assessed and compared with the spontaneous risks (R0). Results: The dose for the offspring does not exceed 7.8 mSv for the diagnostic procedures considered, resulting in an excess risk for the offspring of less than 0.12% (R0 ~ 25%) to die from cancer during life, of less than 0.07% (R0 ~ 0.2%) to develop cancer up to the age of 15 years, and of less than 0.16% (R0 ~ 2%) for hereditary effects. RIT during the first 8 weeks p.c. results in doses for the offspring of about 100–460 mSv, resulting in an excess risk for malformations of the child of 3.4%–22% (R0 ~6%). Conclusions: The risk of stochastic radiation effects for the offspring due to a diagnostic nuclear medicine procedure of the mother during the first 8 weeks p.c. is – compared with the spontaneous risks – very small; deterministic effects are unlikely. In contrast, deterministic effects for the offspring may occur following RIT. In order to decide on a possibly indicated abortion after RIT, an individual risk assessment is mandatory.

VP69 Mapping Brazilian Nuclear Medicine Installed Capacity And Perspectives

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. 180-181
Author(s):  
Lorena Pozzo ◽  
Evelinda Trindade
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Medicine ◽  
Regional Analysis ◽  
Reticuloendothelial System ◽  
Myocardial Scintigraphy ◽  
National Commission ◽  
The South ◽  
North East ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
Nuclear Medicine Procedures

INTRODUCTION:Guidelines compliance, with a priori non-invasive and earlier tests and interventions, depends on access. This study investigates the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS) outpatient access to nuclear medicine procedures through SUS data comparison with those from the National Commission of Nuclear Energy (CNEN: Comissão Nacional de Energia Nuclear).METHODS:Data provided by the SUS outpatient database (SIA-DATASUS) regarding procedures performed from 2013 to 2016 was compared with data from institutions (Nuclear Medicine Services and Cyclotron Facilities) and radioprotection supervisors with numbers certified by CNEN.RESULTS:CNEN has authorized 420 nuclear medicine institutions (.20 per million inhabitants) and certified 294 radioprotection supervisors (.14 per million inhabitants), and 1.4 services per supervisor. There are 457 graduated professionals qualified for radioactive sources preparation, use and handling for diagnostic and therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals (.9 professionals / installation). During the last four years, 08 new nuclear medicine facilities were authorized by CNEN. The number of nuclear medicine procedures performed slightly increased in the South, but remained constant in other regions. Annual SUS reimbursements increased by 21.2 percent on average for the 03 PET/CT (Positron emission tomography–computed tomography) adopted procedures: regional analysis showed the Central-West as the highest growth area (70.8 percent), compared to the South (53.4 percent), North-East region (30.8 percent), and the South-East (5 percent). Currently, thirteen Cyclotron Facilities operate in Brazil: South-East (six), South (three), North-East (three) and Central-West (one). Some nuclear medicine procedures largely outnumber the average increase: for example, reticuloendothelial system scintigraphy (513.9 percent), gastric transit scintigraphy (112.8 percent), and thyroid screening with suppression/stimulation test (100.6 percent). However, myocardial scintigraphy (stress and rest) and bone scintigraphy with or without blood flow still correspond to 82 percent of total nuclear medicine in vivo procedures.CONCLUSIONS:Regional disparity is quantitatively depicted in Brazil and reflects access to SUS nuclear medicine procedures. This denotes a potential for improvements related to nuclear medicine areas, for example developments concerning new PET/CT coverage, new radiopharmaceuticals research, and national and international training.

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