scholarly journals Immunological Characterisation of A∝ Chain Fragments of Human Fibrinogen

1977 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Conkie ◽  
J. F. Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Human Serum ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Normal Human Serum ◽  
Small Peptides ◽  
Early Cleavage ◽  
Human Fibrinogen ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
A Chain

In an investigation of the early cleavage fragments resulting from fibrin(ogen)olysis, we have examined the nature of small peptides arising from the C-terminal part of the Aα chain of human fibrinogen.Antiserum to the carboxymethylated Aα chain of human fibrinogen has been prepared, and used to study the Aα-related antigens from (i) a plasmin digest of human fibrinogen, (ii) human serum, obtained from urokinase-treated normal plasma, and (iii) normal human serum. Using immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis with anti-Aα antiserum, along with Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, at least two non-identical Aα -related antigens have been detected in a final plasmin digest of human fibrinogen. The largest of these antigens (MW 26,000) has been isolated and named Aα.-RA (26,000). This may be similar to the previously-described fragments, Hi2-Ala, fragment A or fragment H. Aα -related antigen has been produced by in vitro fibrinogenolysis in plasma and has been detected in the serum. In addition, small quantities of Aα -related antigen have been found in untreated normal human serum.These results suggest that anti-Aα antiserum is likely to be a useful reagent for the study of the early plasmin-derived fragments of fibrin(ogen)olysis in vitro and in vivo.

scholarly journals The effect of normal human serum on the mouse trypanosome Trypanosoma musculi in vitro and in vivo

2018 ◽  
Vol 184 ◽  
pp. 115-120
Author(s):  
Xuan Zhang ◽  
Xiao-Kun Hong ◽  
Su-Jin Li ◽  
De-Hua Lai ◽  
Geoff Hide ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Serum ◽  
Normal Human Serum ◽  
Normal Human

Identification of a trypanocidal factor againstTrypanosoma equiperdumin normal human serum

Parasitology ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 401-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Verducci ◽  
S. Perito ◽  
R. Rossi ◽  
E. Mannarino ◽  
F. Bistoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Serum ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Natural Antibodies ◽  
Normal Human Serum ◽  
Mouse Serum ◽  
Trypanocidal Activity ◽  
Normal Human

SUMMARYNormal human serum (HS) contains trypanolytic activity and agglutinins toTrypanosoma equiperdum, while such activities are not found in sera from a range of animals susceptible to infection. HS given toT. equiperdum-infected mice caused a rapid decrease in the number of circulating trypanosomes and protection from lethal infection. Trypanolytic activity of human serum was found to be associated, after DEAE chromatography and Sephadex G-200 gel filtration, with the fraction containing 19S antibodies. Immunofluorescence assays confirmed a binding of human IgM and C1qcomplement component onto the surface ofT. equiperdum. Anti-T. equiperdumactivity of HS was specifically directed toT. equiperdumsurface components and not to some mouse serum components adsorbed on parasites during the growth in the host, because HS adsorbedin vivoin CD-1 mice retained full protective and agglutinating properties. Trypanocidal activity appears in human serum about the 7th month after birth and persists until late in life. On the contrary, human purified high-density lipoprotein had no significantin vitroorin vivotrypanocidal activity. In conclusion, strong natural anti-T. equiperdumactivity in human serum was mainly mediated by natural antibodies of the IgM class. The presence of natural IgM active againstT. equiperdumin HS could represent one of the natural mechanisms of resistance of refractory hosts against trypanosome infections. This phenomenon provides further evidence that host specificity of trypanosomes may be partly conditioned by the presence of natural antibodies.

scholarly journals Influence of the Length of the Lipooligosaccharide α Chain on Its Sialylation in Neisseria meningitidis

2002 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 407-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao-Ming Tsai ◽  
George Kao ◽  
Peixuan Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Neisseria Meningitidis ◽  
Human Serum ◽  
Steric Hindrance ◽  
Normal Human Serum ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
Α Chain

ABSTRACT The sialylation of lipooligosaccharide (LOS) in Neisseria meningitidis plays a role in the resistance of the organism to killing by normal human serum. The length of the α chain extending out from the heptose I [Hep (I)] moiety of LOS influenced sialylation of N. meningitidis LOS in vitro and in vivo. The α chain required a terminal Gal and a trisaccharide or longer oligosaccharide to serve as an acceptor for sialylation. The disaccharide lactose (Galβ1-4Glc) in the α chain of immunotype L8 LOS could not function as an acceptor for the sialyltransferase, probably due to steric hindrance imposed by the neighboring Hep (II) with phosphorylethanolamine and another group attached.

The Binding of Lithium Carmine to a2-Macroglobulin

1969 ◽  
Vol 24 (11) ◽  
pp. 1442-1447 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Picard ◽  
J. F. Heremans
Keyword(s):  
Human Serum ◽  
Density Gradient ◽  
Protein Complex ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Heavy Fraction ◽  
Normal Human Serum ◽  
Density Gradient Ultracentrifugation ◽  
Γ Globulins ◽  
Normal Human

The colloidal dye lithium carmine was added in vitro to normal human serum. Electrophoretic experiments showed that the dye was associated mainly with α2-globulins, small amounts with the albumin and only traces with the γ-globulins. The main complex was eluted with the macroglobulin peak obtained by gel filtration on Sephadex G-200 and sedimented in the heavy fraction on density gradient ultracentrifugation. The dye-protein complex could be precipitated with an antiserum specific for a2-macroglobulin. Gel filtration of a solution of pure a2-macroglobulin, to which lithium carmine was added, demonstrated that the dye was bound to this protein.

scholarly journals Soluble kit receptor in human serum

Blood ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Wypych ◽  
LG Bennett ◽  
MG Schwartz ◽  
CL Clogston ◽  
HS Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Serum ◽  
Partial Purification ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Glycosylation Pattern ◽  
Vitro Assay ◽  
Amino Terminal ◽  
Kit Receptor ◽  
Normal Human

c-kit encodes the transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinase (Kit) for the recently described ligand stem cell factor (SCF). We have developed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for measuring soluble human Kit and we have used the assay to show high levels of soluble Kit in human serum. The distribution of soluble Kit levels was investigated among 112 normal human serum donors. The mean serum level (+/- SD) was found to be 324 +/- 105 ng/mL with the values falling between 163 ng/mL and 788 ng/mL. No correlation between soluble Kit levels and the sexes or ages of the donors was found. Partial purification using immunoaffinity chromatography allowed us to characterize the soluble Kit from pooled human serum. Antibodies generated to a 497-amino acid recombinant human soluble Kit corresponding to the N-terminal extracellular domain of the receptor recognized the serum-derived soluble Kit by immunoblotting. We found that the serum-derived soluble Kit is glycosylated, with mostly N- linked but also O-linked carbohydrate, and with terminal sialic acid residues. When compared with the recombinant human soluble Kit, the serum-derived material was similar both in size and glycosylation pattern. CNBr cleavage of the isolated serum-derived material followed by amino terminal sequencing confirmed the presence of five peptides expected for the extracellular portion of the Kit molecule. The immunoaffinity purified serum-derived soluble Kit inhibited binding of [125I]SCF to membrane-bound receptor in an in vitro assay. These results indicate that soluble Kit could modulate the activity and functions of SCF in vivo.

Stimulation by serum of aldosterone production from rat adrenal glomerulosa cells in vitro: relationships to K+, serotonin and angiotensin II

1981 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. A. O. Mendelsohn ◽  
Christine D. Kachel
Keyword(s):  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Human Serum ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Normal Human Serum ◽  
Rpmi Medium ◽  
High K ◽  
Aldosterone Production ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
Glomerulosa Cells

Abstract. Normal human serum markedly stimulated aldosterone production from rat adrenal glomerulosa cells incubated in Krebs Ringer bicarbonate medium (KRBGA). The effect was dose-related. In [K+] 3.6 mm KRBGA medium, serum stimulated aldosterone output to higher levels than those produced by maximal doses of serotonin (5 HT), angiotensin II (AII) or high [K+] (8.4 mm). Cells maximally stimulated by high [K+], 5 HT or AII in KRBGA medium were further stimulated by serum. The angiotensin analogue, [Sar1, Ala8]-AII abolished the effect of AII but not that of high [K+] or serum. Basal and ACTH-stimulated corticosterone outputs of rat fasciculata cells were not significantly affected by sera known to stimulate glomerulosa cells. Aldosterone stimulating activity of serum was dialysable and fully recovered in a serum ultrafiltrate. The serotonin blockers methysergide and metergoline abolished the aldosterone stimulating activity of serum but also depressed basal aldosterone output and methysergide reduced K+-stimulated output. Chymotrypsin digestion abolished the aldosterone stimulating activity of AII but not that of serotonin or serum. 5 HT concentration of sera was measured and found to be near the threshold for aldosterone stimulation. Sodium loading and depletion of 4 normal subjects did not consistently modify the aldosterone stimulating activity of their sera. In a supplemented medium (RPMI 1640), basal and K+-stimulated aldosterone outputs were higher than in KRBGA medium. Under these conditions serum stimulated aldosterone output in normal [K+] medium but only marginally in high [K+] medium. In RPMI medium, serum did not further stimulate cells maximally stimulated with serotonin. Serum appears to stimulate aldosterone production from glomerulsoa cells by two different mechanisms: One is probably due to a serotonin-like substance. A separate effect of serum, seen only in KRBGA medium, is to enhance aldosterone output of glomerulosa cells maximally stimulated by K+, 5 HT or AII.

scholarly journals Comparison of the hemagglutination inhibition assay kit for erythropoietin (ESF) with the fetal mouse liver cell bioassay in vitro

Blood ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 955-959
Author(s):  
G de Klerk ◽  
RJ Vet ◽  
PC Rosengarten ◽  
R Goudsmit
Keyword(s):  
Human Serum ◽  
Liver Cell ◽  
Hemagglutination Inhibition ◽  
Mouse Liver ◽  
Normal Human Serum ◽  
Fetal Mouse ◽  
Mouse Liver Cell ◽  
Fetal Mouse Liver ◽  
Normal Human

The commercially available hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) assay kit for erythropoietin (ESF) was compared with the fetal mouse liver cell (FMLC) bioassay. No correlation was obtained ESF levels determined by both methods in a variety of pathologic sera. The HAI kit showed a great batch variability. Significant immunoreactivity was found in those fractions of a normal human serum and a human urinary ESF preparation that were not active in the FMLC bioassay. A very poor recovery of immunoreactivity was found when the international reference preparation for erythropoietin (second IRPE) was added to a normal human serum.

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