Maternal Marijuana Exposure and Birth Weight: An Observational Study Surrounding Recreational Marijuana Legalization

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (01) ◽  
pp. 065-075 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather L. Straub ◽  
Jin Mou ◽  
Kathryn J. Drennan ◽  
Bethann M. Pflugeisen
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Washington State ◽  
Urine Drug Screen ◽  
Multivariate Models ◽  
Marijuana Legalization ◽  
Urine Drug ◽  
Recreational Marijuana ◽  
Good Samaritan Hospital ◽  
Infant Birth ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Objective This study aimed to study the relationship between prenatal marijuana and infant birth weight using natural cohorts established before, during and after the 20-month lapse between legalization and legal recreational sales in Washington State. Study Design Over 5 years, 5,343 pregnant women with documented urine drug screen (UDS) results delivered at Tacoma General Hospital or Good Samaritan Hospital. Maternal medical data were extracted for three delivery cohorts established based on before (T1), during (T2), and after legalization (T3) of recreational marijuana and legalized availability. Univariate and multivariate models were created to study marijuana exposure on infants' birth weight. Results Marijuana exposure increased the risk of low birth weight (LBW; odds ratio [OR] = 1.42, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01–2.01). This was more pronounced in full-term babies (OR = 1.72, 95% CI: 1.10–2.69), and was independently associated with a higher risk for small for gestational age (SGA; OR = 1.51, 95% CI: 1.49–1.53). The associations between marijuana exposure and SGA were maintained in cohort-specific models (OR = 1.53, 95% CI: 1.01–2.32 for T2, and OR = 1.43, 95% CI: 1.01–2.02 for T3, respectively). Conclusion Marijuana exposure verified by UDS was associated with LBW and SGA. However, recreational marijuana legalization and availability did not have direct impact on newborns' risk of LBW or SGA.

scholarly journals Marijuana Policy Opinions in Washington State Since Legalization

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 369-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meenakshi Sabina Subbaraman ◽  
William C. Kerr
Keyword(s):  
State Level ◽  
Marijuana Use ◽  
Washington State ◽  
Marijuana Legalization ◽  
Random Digit ◽  
Random Digit Dial ◽  
Recreational Marijuana ◽  
Personal Use ◽  
Multivariable Models ◽  
The Relationship

Background: In 2012, voters in Washington state approved Initiative 502 (I-502) which legalized recreational marijuana use at the state level. This study examines the relationship between demographics, marijuana and alcohol use, and voting outcomes, as well as how these variables relate to (i) whether voters would still vote the same way (a reflection of satisfaction with the new policy) and (ii) the likelihood of using marijuana purchased from legal retail stores. Methods: The sample consists of 2,007 adult Washington state residents recruited through Random Digit Dial between January and October 2014. Bivariate tests and multivariable regressions were used for analyses. Results: Less than 5% of those who voted for marijuana legalization would change their votes, whereas 14% of those who voted against legalization would change their votes. In multivariable models controlling for demographics, substance use, and marijuana-related opinions, those who voted for legalization had half the odds of changing their votes than those who voted against it. Among past-year nonmarijuana users, almost 10% were somewhat/very likely to use marijuana if they could buy it from a legal store. Past marijuana use, the belief that adults should be allowed to grow marijuana for personal use, and the belief that marijuana is not very risky for health were all related to increased likelihood of using marijuana purchased from legal stores. Conclusion: Since November 2012, support for marijuana legalization in Washington state has increased; accounting for the proportion of voters who would change their votes suggests that I-502 would pass today with even more votes in favor.

The Spillover Effect of Recreational Marijuana Legalization on Crime: Evidence From Neighboring States of Colorado and Washington State

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 392-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guangzhen Wu ◽  
Francis D. Boateng ◽  
Xiaodong Lang
Keyword(s):  
Spillover Effect ◽  
Property Crime ◽  
Washington State ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
Ongoing Debate ◽  
Marijuana Legalization ◽  
Crime Type ◽  
Recreational Marijuana ◽  
Reduction Effect

An ongoing debate exists about the implications of recreational marijuana legalization to public safety. One important public concern is how recreational marijuana legalization may affect crime in neighboring states that have not legalized. Based on Uniform Crime Report (UCR) data from 2003 to 2017, this study used difference-in-differences (DID) analysis to examine the potential spillover effect of recreational marijuana legalization in Colorado and Washington State, with a special focus on the examination of the changes in the rates of a variety of crimes in the border counties of neighboring states relative to the nonborder counties in these states following Colorado’s and Washington’s legalization. Results provide some evidence suggesting a spillover crime reduction effect of legalization, as reflected by the significant decreases in the rates of property crime, larceny, and simple assault in the Colorado region that includes six neighboring states. Results also suggest that the effects of marijuana legalization on crime in neighboring states vary based on crime type and state.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN TINGGI BADAN ORANG TUA DAN BERAT BADAN LAHIR DENGAN PANJANG BADAN LAHIR BAYI DI KABUPATEN SLEMAN

2018 ◽  
pp. 168-173
Author(s):  
Maria Dolorosa P. Sogen ◽  
Budiyanti Wiboworini ◽  
Ari Natalia Probandari
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Parent Body ◽  
Maternal Weight ◽  
Cohort Design ◽  
Length Data ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Infant Birth ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRAK Panjang badan lahir menggambarkan laju pertumbuhan janin selama dalam kandungan. Faktor genetik yakni tinggi badan orang tua juga berperan dalam menentukan panjang badan bayi lahir. Jika tinggi badan orang tua pendek karena faktor genetik maka akan diwariskan kepada anak, akan tetapi jika tinggi badan orang tua pendek karena nutrisi, maka tidak diwariskan kepada anak. Berat badan lahir bayi merupakan faktor penting yang berhubungan dengan panjang badan lahir. Bayi dengan berat badan lahir rendah beririko memiliki panjang badan yang kurang. Tujuan penelitian adalah menganalisis hubungan tinggi badan orang tua dan berat badan lahir bayi dengan panjang badan lahir bayi di Kabupaten Sleman. Jenis penelitian ini adalah observasional analitik dengan desain cohort retrospektif. Subjek penelitian sebanyak 76 ibu hamil trisemester III. Data tinggi badan orang tua diukur menggunakan microtoice dengan ketelitian 0,1 cm data berat badan lahir bayi diukur menggunakan baby scale dengan ketelitian 0,1 gram, dan data panjang badan lahir diukur menggunakan length board dengan ketelitian 0.1 cm. Analisis data menggunakan korelasi spearman dan regresi linier ganda dengan nilai p<0,05. Hasil analisis rank spearman hubungan tinggi badan ayah dengan panjang badan lahir p= 0,019 dan hubungan tinggi badan ibu dengan panjang badan lahir p=0,219, berat badan lahir dengan panjang badan lahir p=0,005. Analisis regresi linier ganda menunjukan pengaruh tinggi badan ayah (B=0,054, p=0,132) berat badan lahir (B= 1,083, P=0,201), dengan panjang badan lahir. Kesimpulan secara bersama-sama ada hubungan antara tinggi badan orang tua dan berat badan lahir bayi dengan panjang badan lahir bayi.   Kata kunci: tinggi badan orang tua, berat lahir, Ibu hamil trimester III, panjang badan.       ABSTRACT The length of the birth body is the growth rate of the fetus in the womb. Maternal weight gain during pregnancy is one of the factors that grows fetus in the womb. The genetic factor height of the parents also play a role in determining the length of the baby's body was born. If the height of the parent body is short due to genetic factors it will be inherited to the child, will if the height of the parent body short because of nutrition, it is not inherited to the child. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship of height parent and baby,s birth weight with baby's long-term birth in Sleman District. The method is was analytic observational with retrospective cohort design. Subjek of this study was 76 pregnant women, trismester III. The height of the parents is measured using microtoice with a precision of 0.1 cm, infant birth weight measured using baby scale with a precision 0,1 gram. Body length data was measured using length board with a precision 0.1 cm. Data analysis used spearman correlation and multiple linear regression with p<0,05. Results: . Result of rank spearman analysis correlation of father’s height with length of the baby’s birth p= 0,019, correlation of mother’s height with length of the baby’s birth p= 0,219, correlation of baby’s birth weight with length of the baby’s birth p=0,005. Result of multiple regression linier analysis showed that the effect of the effect of father’s height (B=0,054, p=0,132), birth weight (B= 1,083, P=0,201) with length of the baby’s birth. Conclusion:: father's height and baby’s birth weght had correlation with length of the baby's birth. Keywords: parenting height, birth weight, pregnancy trimester III, body length.

The relationship between maternal use of heroin and methadone and infant birth weight

Addiction ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 92 (11) ◽  
pp. 1571-1579 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. K. HULSE ◽  
E. MILNE ◽  
D. R. ENGLISH ◽  
C. D. J. HOLMAN
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Infant Birth ◽  
The Relationship
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