Evaluation of the Modified Naranjo Criteria for Assessing Causal Attribution of Clinical Outcome to Homeopathic Intervention as Presented in Case Reports

Homeopathy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 109 (04) ◽  
pp. 191-197
Author(s):  
Chetna Deep Lamba ◽  
Vishwa Kumar Gupta ◽  
Robbert van Haselen ◽  
Lex Rutten ◽  
Nidhi Mahajan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Causal Relationship ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Causal Attribution ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Face Validity ◽  
Rater Agreement ◽  
The Face ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Objectives The objective of this study was to establish the reliability and content validity of the “Modified Naranjo Criteria for Homeopathy—Causal Attribution Inventory” as a tool for attributing a causal relationship between the homeopathic intervention and outcome in clinical case reports. Methods Purposive sampling was adopted for the selection of information-rich case reports using pre-defined criteria. Eligible case reports had to fulfil a minimum of nine items of the CARE Clinical Case Reporting Guideline checklist and a minimum of three of the homeopathic HOM-CASE CARE extension items. The Modified Naranjo Criteria for Homeopathy Inventory consists of 10 domains. Inter-rater agreement in the scoring of these domains was determined by calculating the percentage agreement and kappa (κ) values. A κ greater than 0.4, indicating fair agreement between raters, in conjunction with the absence of concerns regarding the face validity, was taken to indicate the validity of a given domain. Each domain was assessed by four raters for the selected case reports. Results Sixty case reports met the inclusion criteria. Inter-rater agreement/concordance per domain was “perfect” for domains 1 (100%, κ = 1.00) and 2 (100%, κ = 1.00); “almost perfect” for domain 8 (97.5%, κ = 0.86); “substantial” for domains 3 (96.7%, κ = 0.80) and 5 (91.1%, κ = 0.70); “moderate” for domains 4 (83.3%, κ = 0.60), 7 (67.8%, κ = 0.46) and 9 (99.2%, κ = 0.50); and “fair” for domain 10 (56.1%, κ = 0.38). For domains 6A (46.7%, κ = 0.03) and 6B (50.3%, κ = 0.18), there was “slight agreement” only. Thus, the validity of the Modified Naranjo Criteria for Homeopathy tool was established for each of its domains, except for the two that pertain to direction of cure (domains 6A and 6B). Conclusion The Modified Naranjo Criteria for Homeopathy—Causal Attribution Inventory was identified as a valid tool for assessing the likelihood of a causal relationship between a homeopathic intervention and clinical outcome. Improved wordings for several criteria have been proposed for the assessment tool, under the new acronym “MONARCH”. Further assessment of two MONARCH domains is required.

Erratum: Evaluation of the Modified Naranjo Criteria for Assessing Causal Attribution of Clinical Outcome to Homeopathic Intervention as Presented in Case Reports

Homeopathy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 109 (04) ◽  
pp. e1-e2
Author(s):  
Chetna Deep Lamba ◽  
Vishwa Kumar Gupta ◽  
Robbert van Haselen ◽  
Lex Rutten ◽  
Nidhi Mahajan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Causal Attribution ◽  
Case Reports

The Semiotic Structure of Practical Reasoning Habits

2007 ◽  
pp. 70-107
Author(s):  
Phyllis Chiasson
Keyword(s):  
Practical Reasoning ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Thinking Styles ◽  
Abductive Inference ◽  
The Unconscious ◽  
Reliable Assessment ◽  
The Face ◽  
Future Consequences ◽  
Logic Of Inquiry ◽  
Selection Of

This chapter introduces Relational Thinking Styles (RTS), a model and method for identifying practical reasoning habits. Taken together, these unintentional reasoning habits parallel C.S. Peirce’s logic of inquiry (methodeutic). However, unlike the deliberate application of inferences prescribed by Peirce’s logic, these find expression as the unconscious applications of methods for the selection of ends and means (goals and processes). Not everyone applies the same infer-encing patterns, especially for encountering novelty. Most people persistently lay familiar tem-plates over novel issues, habitually engaging inductive-like processes to the solving of new prob-lems. However, some apply abductive-like mental processes in the face of novelty; others, de-ductive-like ones. Because RTS is capable of predicting future consequences and of empirical verification by means of a reliable assessment tool (Chiasson et al 2003) it is amenable to com-puter modeling. Computer modeling of the abductive-like process defined by this model may contribute to eventual development of an abductive inference-engine.

scholarly journals "These Questions Have Everything That Happens to me": Analysis of a Femicide Risk Assessment Tool for Abused Women in Brazil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dabney P. Evans ◽  
Casey D. Xavier Hall ◽  
Raiza Wallace Guimarães da Rocha ◽  
Sandra Marques Prado ◽  
Marcos C. Signorelli
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Face Validity ◽  
Risk Assessment Tool ◽  
Abused Women ◽  
Healthcare Settings ◽  
The Face ◽  
One Stop ◽  
Valid Assessment ◽  
High Degree

Abstract Purpose The purpose of this mixed-methods triangulation study was to assess the face validity and comprehension of a femicide risk assessment tool, the Danger Assessment-Brazil (DA-Brazil) among women seeking care in a one stop center for abused women in Curitiba, Brazil. Our secondary aim was to assess professionals' perceptions of feasibility for using the DA-Brazil in the same setting. Method Fifty-five women experiencing relationship violence completed the instrument and participated in cognitive interviews about their experience; professionals attending survivors were also interviewed. Results The vast majority of women described the DA-Brazil instrument as being easy to comprehend (n = 41, 73.2%). Nearly half of participants (n = 26, 46.4%) had some kind of question regarding the DA-Brazil calendar, a tool to visualize abuse frequency and severity. Queries aligned with five categories: recollection of dates, scale, relationship status, terminology, and discomfort. Professionals reported that the DA-Brazil instrument would support referral decision-making. Conclusion The overall face validity and comprehension of the DA-Brazil appears to be high. The majority of challenges were around the calendar activity. Professional perceptions of the DA-Brazil suggest a high degree of feasibility for its use in Brazilian healthcare settings. In order for the DA-Brazil to effectively be administered with facilitated support there is a need for training on the best use of the instrument. Accurate assessment of femicide risk is critical in a country like Brazil with high rates of femicide. The DA-Brazil provides a valid assessment of femicide risk and has the potential to trigger early intervention for those at risk.

scholarly journals Clinical case reports and the viva voce: a valuable assessment tool, but not without anxiety

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Hungerford ◽  
Garry Walter ◽  
Michelle Cleary
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Case ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Case Reports

scholarly journals The face validity of an initial sub-typology of people with autism spectrum disorders detained in psychiatric hospitals

Autism ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 1885-1897
Author(s):  
Magali Barnoux ◽  
Regi Alexander ◽  
Sabyasachi Bhaumik ◽  
John Devapriam ◽  
Connor Duggan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Psychiatric Hospitals ◽  
Clinical Psychologists ◽  
Face Validity ◽  
Clinical Vignettes ◽  
The Face ◽  
Case Vignettes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Autistic Adults

Autistic adults who have a history of committing crimes present a major problem for providers of services in terms of legal disposal options and possible interventions, and greater understanding of this group and their associated needs is required. For this reason, we aimed to investigate the face validity of a proposed sub-typology of autistic adults detained in secure psychiatric hospitals in the United Kingdom. Initially, a focus group was completed with psychiatrists, clinical psychologists, healthcare workers, family members and autistic adults who had been detained in hospital, leading to revisions of the sub-typology. Following this, a consensus rating exercise of 10 clinical vignettes based on this sub-typology with three rounds was completed with 15 psychiatrists and clinical psychologists; revisions to the vignettes to improve clarity were made following each round. The findings indicated that these subtypes possess face validity and raters were able to classify all 10 clinical case vignettes into the sub-typology, and percentage of agreement ranged from 96% to 100% for overall subtype classification. This study suggests that the further validity of the sub-typology should be investigated within a larger study, as these subtypes have the potential to directly inform the hospital care pathway such that length of stay can be minimised. Lay abstract Autistic adults who have a history of committing crimes pose challenges for the criminal justice system in terms of disposal and treatment. For this reason, we investigated the validity of a proposed sub-typology of autistic adults detained in secure psychiatric hospitals. Initially, we ran a focus group with psychiatrists, clinical psychologists, healthcare workers, family members and autistic adults who had been detained in hospital to consider a sub-typology of autistic adults who may come into contact with secure psychiatric hospitals. We asked 15 psychiatrists and clinical psychologists to rate 10 clinical vignettes based on our sub-typology with three rounds; revisions to the vignettes to improve clarity were made following each round. The findings indicated that these subtypes possess face validity and raters were able to classify all 10 clinical case vignettes into the sub-typology and percentage of agreement ranged from 96% to 100% for overall subtype classification. The findings suggested that the further validity of the sub-typology should be investigated within a larger study using a clinical sample. These subtypes may help inform treatment and care pathways within hospital.

scholarly journals Testing the face validity and inter-rater agreement of a simple approach to drug-drug interaction evidence assessment

2020 ◽  
Vol 101 ◽  
pp. 103355
Author(s):  
Amy J. Grizzle ◽  
Lisa E. Hines ◽  
Daniel C. Malone ◽  
Olga Kravchenko ◽  
Harry Hochheiser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Interaction ◽  
Simple Approach ◽  
Face Validity ◽  
Rater Agreement ◽  
The Face ◽  
Drug Drug Interaction

A pilot study to assess the construct and face validity of the Northwestern Objective Microanastomosis Assessment Tool

2015 ◽  
Vol 123 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salah G. Aoun ◽  
Tarek Y. El Ahmadieh ◽  
Najib E. El Tecle ◽  
Marc R. Daou ◽  
Joseph G. Adel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Construct Validity ◽  
Statistical Difference ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Face Validity ◽  
Northwestern University ◽  
The Face ◽  
Postdoctoral Research ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Neurosurgical Education

OBJECT Microsurgical skills remain an integral component of neurosurgical education. There is a need for an objective scale to assess microsurgical skills. The objective of this study was to assess the face and construct validity of a benchtraining microanastomosis module and an objective assessment scale, i.e., the Northwestern Objective Microanastomosis Assessment Tool (NOMAT). METHODS Medical students, neurosurgical residents, and postdoctoral research fellows at Northwestern University were enrolled in the study. Trainees were divided into 3 groups based on microsurgical experience: 1) experienced, 2) exposed, and 3) novices. Each trainee completed two end-to-end microanastomoses using a 1-mm and a 3-mm synthetic vessel. Two cameras were installed to capture procedural footage. One neurosurgeon blindly graded the performance of trainees using both objective and subjective methods to assess construct validity. Two neurosurgeons reviewed the contents of the simulation module to assess face validity. RESULTS Twenty-one trainees participated in the study, including 6 experienced, 6 exposed, and 9 novices. The mean NOMAT score for experienced trainees on the 1-mm module was 47.3/70 compared with 26.0/70 and 25.8/70 for exposed and novice trainees, respectively (p = 0.02). Using subjective grading, experienced trainees performed significantly better on the 1-mm module (64.2/100) compared with exposed or novice trainees (23.3/100 and 25.0/100, respectively; p = 0.02). No statistical difference between groups was noted for the 3-mm module with both NOMAT and subjective grading. Experienced trainees took less time to perform both tasks compared with the others. CONCLUSIONS Face and construct validities of the microanastomosis module were established. The scale and the microanastomosis module could help assess the microsurgical skills of neurosurgical trainees and serve as a basis for the creation of a microsurgical curriculum.

scholarly journals Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment in a Paediatric Patient with Oesophageal Atresia and Tracheo-Oesophageal Fistula

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 178-184
Author(s):  
Alice Barni ◽  
Dario Zecchillo ◽  
Stefano Uberti ◽  
Silvia Ratti
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Paediatric Patient ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Oesophageal Atresia ◽  
Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment ◽  
Aspiration Risk ◽  
Clinical Changes

This study is aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) in dysphagia symptoms and aspiration risk. This is a clinical case report on a 40-day-old infant with a diagnosis of oesophageal atresia and tracheo-oesophageal fistula. The patient received one OMT every 15 days for 7 times. The clinical outcome was the clinical changes in dysphagia symptoms assessed by the Paediatric Eating Assessment Tool-10 (PEDI-EAT-10). At the first osteopathic evaluation (T0), the total score of the PEDI-EAT-10 was 7, at the fourth osteopathic evaluation (T1), the total score was 3, and at the seventh osteopathic evaluation (T2), the total score was 1. OMT was effective and safe in reducing dysphagia symptoms and aspiration risk.

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