The Semiotic Structure of Practical Reasoning Habits

2007 ◽  
pp. 70-107
Author(s):  
Phyllis Chiasson
Keyword(s):  
Practical Reasoning ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Thinking Styles ◽  
Abductive Inference ◽  
The Unconscious ◽  
Reliable Assessment ◽  
The Face ◽  
Future Consequences ◽  
Logic Of Inquiry ◽  
Selection Of

This chapter introduces Relational Thinking Styles (RTS), a model and method for identifying practical reasoning habits. Taken together, these unintentional reasoning habits parallel C.S. Peirce’s logic of inquiry (methodeutic). However, unlike the deliberate application of inferences prescribed by Peirce’s logic, these find expression as the unconscious applications of methods for the selection of ends and means (goals and processes). Not everyone applies the same infer-encing patterns, especially for encountering novelty. Most people persistently lay familiar tem-plates over novel issues, habitually engaging inductive-like processes to the solving of new prob-lems. However, some apply abductive-like mental processes in the face of novelty; others, de-ductive-like ones. Because RTS is capable of predicting future consequences and of empirical verification by means of a reliable assessment tool (Chiasson et al 2003) it is amenable to com-puter modeling. Computer modeling of the abductive-like process defined by this model may contribute to eventual development of an abductive inference-engine.

Evaluation of the Modified Naranjo Criteria for Assessing Causal Attribution of Clinical Outcome to Homeopathic Intervention as Presented in Case Reports

Homeopathy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 109 (04) ◽  
pp. 191-197
Author(s):  
Chetna Deep Lamba ◽  
Vishwa Kumar Gupta ◽  
Robbert van Haselen ◽  
Lex Rutten ◽  
Nidhi Mahajan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Causal Relationship ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Causal Attribution ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Face Validity ◽  
Rater Agreement ◽  
The Face ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Objectives The objective of this study was to establish the reliability and content validity of the “Modified Naranjo Criteria for Homeopathy—Causal Attribution Inventory” as a tool for attributing a causal relationship between the homeopathic intervention and outcome in clinical case reports. Methods Purposive sampling was adopted for the selection of information-rich case reports using pre-defined criteria. Eligible case reports had to fulfil a minimum of nine items of the CARE Clinical Case Reporting Guideline checklist and a minimum of three of the homeopathic HOM-CASE CARE extension items. The Modified Naranjo Criteria for Homeopathy Inventory consists of 10 domains. Inter-rater agreement in the scoring of these domains was determined by calculating the percentage agreement and kappa (κ) values. A κ greater than 0.4, indicating fair agreement between raters, in conjunction with the absence of concerns regarding the face validity, was taken to indicate the validity of a given domain. Each domain was assessed by four raters for the selected case reports. Results Sixty case reports met the inclusion criteria. Inter-rater agreement/concordance per domain was “perfect” for domains 1 (100%, κ = 1.00) and 2 (100%, κ = 1.00); “almost perfect” for domain 8 (97.5%, κ = 0.86); “substantial” for domains 3 (96.7%, κ = 0.80) and 5 (91.1%, κ = 0.70); “moderate” for domains 4 (83.3%, κ = 0.60), 7 (67.8%, κ = 0.46) and 9 (99.2%, κ = 0.50); and “fair” for domain 10 (56.1%, κ = 0.38). For domains 6A (46.7%, κ = 0.03) and 6B (50.3%, κ = 0.18), there was “slight agreement” only. Thus, the validity of the Modified Naranjo Criteria for Homeopathy tool was established for each of its domains, except for the two that pertain to direction of cure (domains 6A and 6B). Conclusion The Modified Naranjo Criteria for Homeopathy—Causal Attribution Inventory was identified as a valid tool for assessing the likelihood of a causal relationship between a homeopathic intervention and clinical outcome. Improved wordings for several criteria have been proposed for the assessment tool, under the new acronym “MONARCH”. Further assessment of two MONARCH domains is required.

ON THE EXPERT’S RIGHT TO BE PRESENT AT LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 163-171
Author(s):  
M. G. Shcherbakovskiy
Keyword(s):  
Initial Data ◽  
Legal Proceedings ◽  
Reliable Assessment ◽  
Data Acquiring ◽  
Selection Of

The article discusses the reasonsfor an expert to participate in legal proceedings. The gnoseological reason for that consists of the bad quality of materials subject to examination that renders the examination either completely impossible or compromises objective, reasoned and reliable assessment of the findings. The procedural reason consists ofa proscription for an expert to collect evidence himself or herself. The author investigates into the ways of how an expert can participate in legal proceedings. If the defense invites an expert to participate in the proceedings, then it is recommended that his or her involvement should be in the presence of attesting witnesses and recorded in the protocol. In the course of the legal proceedings an expert has the following tasks: adding initial data, acquiring new initial data, understanding the situation of the incident, acquiring new objects to be studied, including samples for examination. An expert’s participation in legal proceedings differs from the participation of a specialist or an examination on the scene of the incident. The author describes the tasks that an expert solves in the course of legal proceedings, the peculiarities ofan investigation experiment practices, the selection of samples for an examination, inspection, interrogation.

When Humour Has the Last Word: Freud and the Magnanimous, Playful, Not Cruel, Very Benign Superego

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-51
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Rottenberg
Keyword(s):  
The Unconscious ◽  
The Face

This paper begins with a rather straightforward observation: Freud's last word on the theory of jokes and the comic is his 1927 essay on ‘Humour’. That is, when it comes to jokes and the comic, ‘humour’ has the last word, both textually and chronologically. What this also means, as this paper tries to show, is that the humour of last words is not far behind. Which is not to suggest that Freud's theory of humour is all fun and games. For, if there is one thing that Freud's examples of humour in both Jokes and Their Relation to the Unconscious and ‘Humour’ make clear, it is that humorous last words must be taken seriously if we are to understand how they comfort and protect the ego in the face of death.

scholarly journals The construction of leadership practice: Making sense of leader competencies

Leadership ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 174271502199649
Author(s):  
Dag Jansson ◽  
Erik Døving ◽  
Beate Elstad
Keyword(s):  
Professional Practice ◽  
Leadership Competencies ◽  
The Self ◽  
Leadership Practice ◽  
Choral Conductors ◽  
Making Sense ◽  
Sensemaking Process ◽  
The Face ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Selection Of

The notion of leadership competencies is a much-debated issue. In this article, we propose that how the leader makes sense of his or her competencies is key to leadership practice. Specifically, we look at how leaders reconcile discrepancies between the self-perceived proficiency of various competencies and their corresponding importance. Empirically, we study leaders within the music domain – how choral conductors make sense of their competencies in the shaping of their professional practice. We investigated how choral leaders in Scandinavia ( N = 638) made sense of their competencies in the face of demands in their working situations. A mixed methodology was used, comprising a quantitative survey with qualitative comments and in-depth interviews with a selection of the respondents. The results show that when choral leaders shape their practice, they frequently face competency gaps that compel them to act or adjust their identity. The key to this sensemaking process is how they move competency elements they master to the foreground and wanting elements to the background. The concept of ‘sensemaking affordance’ is introduced to account for how various leader competency categories are negotiated to safeguard overall efficacy.

scholarly journals Facial Expression Recognition Based on Multi-Features Cooperative Deep Convolutional Network

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1428
Author(s):  
Haopeng Wu ◽  
Zhiying Lu ◽  
Jianfeng Zhang ◽  
Xin Li ◽  
Mingyue Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expression ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Facial Expression Recognition ◽  
Video Data ◽  
Expression Recognition ◽  
Convolutional Network ◽  
Facial Movements ◽  
The Face ◽  
Deep Convolutional Network ◽  
Selection Of

This paper addresses the problem of Facial Expression Recognition (FER), focusing on unobvious facial movements. Traditional methods often cause overfitting problems or incomplete information due to insufficient data and manual selection of features. Instead, our proposed network, which is called the Multi-features Cooperative Deep Convolutional Network (MC-DCN), maintains focus on the overall feature of the face and the trend of key parts. The processing of video data is the first stage. The method of ensemble of regression trees (ERT) is used to obtain the overall contour of the face. Then, the attention model is used to pick up the parts of face that are more susceptible to expressions. Under the combined effect of these two methods, the image which can be called a local feature map is obtained. After that, the video data are sent to MC-DCN, containing parallel sub-networks. While the overall spatiotemporal characteristics of facial expressions are obtained through the sequence of images, the selection of keys parts can better learn the changes in facial expressions brought about by subtle facial movements. By combining local features and global features, the proposed method can acquire more information, leading to better performance. The experimental results show that MC-DCN can achieve recognition rates of 95%, 78.6% and 78.3% on the three datasets SAVEE, MMI, and edited GEMEP, respectively.

scholarly journals A Clinical Study to Correlate the Facial Form and Maxillary Central Incisor Tooth Form in Males and Females of Davangere Population

2016 ◽  
Vol 04 (03) ◽  
pp. 156-164
Author(s):  
Deepak Bansal ◽  
Shruti Sharma ◽  
Manjit Kumar ◽  
Amrit Khosla
Keyword(s):  
Facial Appearance ◽  
Central Incisor ◽  
Incisor Tooth ◽  
Maxillary Central Incisor ◽  
Anterior Teeth ◽  
The Face ◽  
Tooth Form ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Made In

AbstractAn altered facial appearance is more difficult to face, than problems related to ill-fitting denture or eating. The selection of maxillary anterior teeth for complete denture has long posed problem in clinical practice and a controversy about the best method to employ still exists. An attempt is made in the present study to clinically correlate the face form with maxillary central incisor tooth form in males and females of Davangere population. In 1914, Leon William's projected the “the form method” where he classified facial forms as square, tapering, and ovoid. Maxillary central incisors were selected according to the facial forms.Of total 100 subjects four different tooth forms and face forms were evaluated. They are: square, ovoid, square-tapered, tapered. No significant correlation existed between face form in male and females. Females exhibited greater correlation between face forms and inverted tooth form but that correlation is not sufficient to serve as a guide for selection of anterior teeth.

scholarly journals Founder’s Prize for New Scholars 2016: “Looking Down Time’s Telescope at Myself”: Reincarnation and Global Futures in David Mitchell’s Fictional Worlds

KronoScope ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-181
Author(s):  
Rose Harris-Birtill
Keyword(s):  
Buddhist Philosophy ◽  
Global Capitalism ◽  
Narrative Strategy ◽  
End Of History ◽  
Ethical Approach ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
The Face ◽  
Temporal Model ◽  
Global Futures ◽  
Future Consequences

AbstractThis essay explores the trope of reincarnation across the works of British author David Mitchell (b. 1969) as an alternative approach to linear temporality, whose spiralling cyclicality warns of the dangers of seeing past actions as separate from future consequences, and whose focus on human interconnection demonstrates the importance of collective, intergenerational action in the face of ecological crises. Drawing on the Buddhist philosophy of samsara, or the cycle of life, death, and rebirth, this paper identifies links between the author’s interest in reincarnation and its secular manifestation in the treatment of time in his fictions. These works draw on reincarnation in their structures and characterization as part of an ethical approach to the Anthropocene, using the temporal model of “reincarnation time” as a narrative strategy to demonstrate that a greater understanding of generational interdependence is urgently needed in order to challenge the linear “end of history” narrative of global capitalism.

scholarly journals El autoconocimiento de las creencias: una objeción al método de la transparencia

2019 ◽  
pp. 429
Author(s):  
Javier Vidal
Keyword(s):  
Practical Reasoning ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Mental Life ◽  
The Unconscious ◽  
First Order ◽  
Rational Deliberation ◽  
Self Knowledge

According to the method of transparency, genuine self-knowledge is the outcome of an inference from world to mind. A. Byrne (2018) has developed a theory in which the method of transparency consists in following an epistemic rule in order to form self-verifying second-order beliefs. In this paper, I argue that Byrne’s theory does not establish sufficient conditions for having self-knowledge of first-order beliefs. Examining a case of self-deception, I strive to show that following such a rule might not result in self-knowledge when one is involved in rational deliberation. In the case under consideration, one precisely comes to believe that one believes that p without coming to believe that p. The justification for one’s not forming the belief that p with its distinctive causal pattern in mental life and behaviour, is that one already had the unconscious belief that not-p, a belief that is not sensitive to the principles governing theoretical and practical reasoning.

scholarly journals Use of Artificial Intelligence for Face Detection with Face Mask in Real Time to Control the Entrance to an Entity

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 68-75
Author(s):  
Enrique Lee Huamaní ◽  
◽  
Lilian Ocares Cunyarachi
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Face Detection ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Facial Mask ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Individual ◽  
A Company ◽  
Selection Of

Due to the pandemic caused by Covid-19, daily life has changed significantly. For this reason, biosecurity measures have been implemented to prevent the spread of the virus as an effective way to reactivate economic activities. In this sense, the present paper focuses on real-time face detection as a measure of control at the entrance to an entity, thus avoiding the spread of the virus while recognizing the identity of workers despite the use of masks and thus reducing the risk of entry of individuals outside the organization. Therefore, the objective is to contribute to the security of a company through the application of machine learning methodology. The selection of methodology is justified due to the adaptation of the same according to the interests of this project. Consequently, algorithms were used in a progressive manner, obtaining as a result the control system that was intended, since each particularity of the face of the individual was recognized in relation to its corresponding identification. Finally, the results of this article benefit the security of organizations regardless of their field or sector. Keywords— Control, Detection, Facial Recognition, Facial Mask, Face recognition, Machine learning.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document