In Vitro Model of Characterizing the Effects of Compressive Loading on Proteoglycans in Anatomically Intact Articular Cartilage

1997 ◽  
Vol 28 (06) ◽  
pp. 438-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Müller ◽  
M. Hanschke
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
In Vitro Model ◽  
Compressive Loading ◽  
Vitro Model

scholarly journals Dynamic Compressive Loading Improves Cartilage Repair in an In Vitro Model of Microfracture: Comparison of 2 Mechanical Loading Regimens on Simulated Microfracture Based on Fibrin Gel Scaffolds Encapsulating Connective Tissue Progenitor Cells

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (9) ◽  
pp. 2188-2199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoya Iseki ◽  
Benjamin B. Rothrauff ◽  
Shinsuke Kihara ◽  
Hiroshi Sasaki ◽  
Shinichi Yoshiya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Cartilage Repair ◽  
In Vitro Model ◽  
Compressive Loading ◽  
Shear Loading ◽  
Fibrin Gel ◽  
Vitro Model ◽  
Dynamic Compressive Loading ◽  
Connective Tissue Progenitor Cells

Background: Microfracture of focal chondral defects often produces fibrocartilage, which inconsistently integrates with the surrounding native tissue and possesses inferior mechanical properties compared with hyaline cartilage. Mechanical loading modulates cartilage during development, but it remains unclear how loads produced in the course of postoperative rehabilitation affect the formation of the new fibrocartilaginous tissue. Purpose: To assess the influence of different mechanical loading regimens, including dynamic compressive stress or rotational shear stress, on an in vitro model of microfracture repair based on fibrin gel scaffolds encapsulating connective tissue progenitor cells. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Cylindrical cores were made in bovine hyaline cartilage explants and filled with either (1) cartilage plug returned to original location (positive control), (2) fibrin gel (negative control), or (3) fibrin gel with encapsulated connective tissue progenitor cells (microfracture mimic). Constructs were then subjected to 1 of 3 loading regimens: (1) no loading (ie, unloaded), (2) dynamic compressive loading, or (3) rotational shear loading. On days 0, 7, 14, and 21, the integration strength between the outer chondral ring and the central insert was measured with an electroforce mechanical tester. The central core component, mimicking microfracture neotissue, was also analyzed for gene expression by real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, glycosaminoglycan, and double-stranded DNA contents, and tissue morphology was analyzed histologically. Results: Integration strengths between the outer chondral ring and central neotissue of the cartilage plug and fibrin + cells groups significantly increased upon exposure to compressive loading compared with day 0 controls ( P = .007). Compressive loading upregulated expression of chondrogenesis-associated genes (SRY-related HGMG box-containing gene 9 [ SOX9], collagen type II α1 [ COL2A1], and increased ratio of COL2A1 to collagen type I α1 [ COL1A1], an indicator of more hyaline phenotype) in the neotissue of the fibrin + cells group compared with the unloaded group at day 21 ( SOX9, P = .0032; COL2A1, P < .0001; COL2A1:COL1A1, P = .0308). Fibrin + cells constructs exposed to shear loading expressed higher levels of chondrogenic genes compared with the unloaded condition, but the levels were not as high as those for the compressive loading condition. Furthermore, catabolic markers ( MMP3 and ADAMTS 5) were significantly upregulated by shear loading ( P = .0234 and P < .0001, respectively) at day 21 compared with day 0. Conclusion: Dynamic compressive loading enhanced neotissue chondrogenesis and maturation in a simulated in vitro model of microfracture, with generation of more hyaline-like cartilage and improved integration with the surrounding tissue. Clinical Relevance: Controlled loading after microfracture may be beneficial in promoting the formation of more hyaline-like cartilage repair tissue; however, the loading regimens applied in this in vitro model do not yet fully reproduce the complex loading patterns created during clinical rehabilitation. Further optimization of in vitro models of cartilage repair may ultimately inform rehabilitation protocols.

scholarly journals An exploration of the ability of tepoxalin to ameliorate the degradation of articular cartilage in a canine in vitro model

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Macrory ◽  
Anne Vaughan-Thomas ◽  
Peter D Clegg ◽  
John F Innes
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
In Vitro Model ◽  
Vitro Model

scholarly journals An in vitro model for the pathological degradation of articular cartilage in osteoarthritis

2014 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 645-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Grenier ◽  
Madhu M. Bhargava ◽  
Peter A. Torzilli
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
In Vitro Model ◽  
Vitro Model

scholarly journals A Hyperosmolar Saline Solution Fortified with Anti-Inflammatory Components Mitigates Articular Cartilage Pro-Inflammatory and Degradative Responses in an In Vitro Model of Knee Arthroscopy

Cartilage ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 194760352110115
Author(s):  
Lasun O. Oladeji ◽  
Aaron M. Stoker ◽  
James P. Stannard ◽  
James L. Cook
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Normal Saline ◽  
In Vitro Model ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Knee Arthroscopy ◽  
Femoral Condyle ◽  
Cartilage Explants ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Vitro Model

Objective To evaluate differences in pro-inflammatory and degradative mediator production from osteoarthritic knee articular cartilage explants treated with a hyperosmolar saline solution supplemented with anti-inflammatory components (l-glutamine, ascorbic acid, sodium pyruvate, epigallocatechin gallate [EGCG], and dexamethasone) or normal saline using an in vitro model for knee arthroscopy. Design Full-thickness 6 mm articular cartilage explants ( n = 12/patient) were created from femoral condyle and tibial plateau samples collected from patients who received knee arthroplasty. One explant half was treated for 3 hours with hyperosmolar saline (600 mOsm/L) supplemented with anti-inflammatory components and the corresponding half with normal saline (308 mOsm/L). Explants were cultured for 3 days and then collected for biomarker analyses. Media biomarker concentrations were normalized to the wet weight of the tissue (mg) and were analyzed by a paired t test with significance set at P < 0.05. Results Cartilage was collected from 9 females and 2 males (mean age = 68 years). Concentrations of MCP-1 ( P < 0.001), IL-8 ( P = 0.03), GRO-α ( P = 0.02), MMP-1 ( P < 0.001), MMP-2 ( P < 0.001), and MMP-3 ( P < 0.001) were significantly lower in explant halves treated with the enhanced hyperosmolar solution. When considering only those cartilage explants in the top tercile of tissue metabolism, IL-6 ( P = 0.005), IL-8 ( P = 0.0001), MCP-1 ( P < 0.001), GRO-α ( P = 0.0003), MMP-1 ( P < 0.001), MMP-2 ( P < 0.001), MMP-3 ( P < 0.001), and GAG expression ( P = 0.0001) was significantly lower in cartilage explant halves treated with the enhanced hyperosmolar solution. Conclusions Treatment of cartilage explants with a hyperosmolar saline arthroscopic irrigation solution supplemented with anti-inflammatory components was associated with significant decreases in inflammatory and degradative mediator production and mitigation of proteoglycan loss.

scholarly journals Down-regulation of microRNA-203a suppresses IL-1β-induced inflammation and cartilage degradation in human chondrocytes through Smad3 signaling

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongbo An ◽  
Guang Wan ◽  
Jingang Tao ◽  
Mingxing Cui ◽  
Qinglan Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
In Vitro Model ◽  
Joint Inflammation ◽  
Cartilage Degradation ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Ecm Degradation ◽  
Vitro Model

Abstract Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic and prevalent degenerative musculoskeletal disorder, which is characterized by articular cartilage degradation and joint inflammation. MicroRNA-203a (miR-203a) has been shown to be involved in multiple pathological processes during OA, but little is known about its function in chondrocyte extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation. In the present study, we aimed to elucidate the effects of miR-203a on articular cartilage degradation and joint inflammation. We observed that the miR-203a level was significantly up-regulated in OA tissues and in an in vitro model of OA, respectively. Inhibition of miR-203a significantly alleviated the interleukin (IL)-1β-induced inflammatory response and ECM degradation in chondrocytes. Moreover, mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3 (Smad3), a key factor in maintaining chondrocyte homeostasis, was identified as a putative target of miR-203a in chondrocytes. More importantly, inhibition of Smad3 impaired the inhibitory effects of the miR-203a on IL-1β-induced inflammatory response and ECM degradation. Collectively, these results demonstrated that miR-203a may contribute to articular cartilage degradation of OA by targeting Smad3, suggesting a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of OA.

scholarly journals Early Weight-Bearing Improves Cartilage Repair in an in vitro Model of Microfracture: Comparison of Two Mechanical Loading Regimens on Simulated Microfracture Based onFibrin Gel Scaffolds Encapsulating Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (7_suppl5) ◽  
pp. 2325967119S0029 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoya Iseki ◽  
Benjamin B. Rothrauff ◽  
Shinsuke Kihara ◽  
Shinichi Yoshiya ◽  
Freddie H. Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Loading ◽  
In Vitro Model ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Compressive Loading ◽  
Shear Loading ◽  
Fibrin Gel ◽  
Early Weight Bearing ◽  
Vitro Model ◽  
Dynamic Compressive Loading

Objectives: Microfracture of focal chondral defects produces fibrocartilage, which inconsistently integrates with the surrounding native tissue and possesses inferior mechanical properties compared to hyaline cartilage. Mechanical loading modulates cartilage during development, but it remains unclear how loads produced in the course of postoperative rehabilitation affect the formation of the new fibrocartilaginous tissue. The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of different mechanical loading regimens simulating weight-bearing or passive motion exercises on an in vitro model of microfracture repair based on fibrin gel scaffolds encapsulating mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Methods: Cylindrical cores were made in bovine hyaline cartilage explants and filled with either: (1) cartilage plug returned to original location (positive control), (2) fibrin gel (negative control), or (3) fibrin gel with encapsulated bone marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) (microfracture mimic). Constructs were then subjected to one of three loading regimens, including (1) no loading (i.e., unloaded) (2) dynamic compressive loading, or (3) rotational shear loading. On days 0, 7, 14, and 21, the integration strength between the outer chondral ring and the central insert was measured with an electroforce mechanical tester. The central core component, mimicking microfracture neotissue, was also analyzed for gene expression by real-time RT-PCR, glycosaminoglycan and dsDNA contents, and tissue morphology by histology. Results: Integration strengths between the outer chondral ring and central neotissue of the cartilage plug and fibrin + BM-MSC groups significantly increased upon exposure to compressive loading, compared to day 0 controls (p= 0.007). Compressive loading upregulated expression of chondrogenesis-associated genes (SOX9, collagen type II, and collagen type II: I, an indicator of more hyaline phenotype) in the neotissue of the fibrin + BM-MSC group, as compared to the unloaded group at day 21 (SOX9, p =0.0032; COL2A1, p <0.0001; COL2A1/COL1A1, p = 0.0308,). Fibrin + BM-MSC constructs exposed to shear loading expressed higher levels of chondrogenic genes as compared to the unloaded condition, but not as high as the compressive loading condition. Furthermore, catabolic markers (MMP3 and ADAMTS 5) were significantly upregulated by shear loading (p = 0.0234 and p< 0.0001, respectively) at day 21, as compared to day 0. Conclusion: Dynamic compressive loading enhanced neotissue chondrogenesis and maturation in a simulated in vitro model of microfracture, with generation of more hyaline-like cartilage and improved integration with the surrounding tissue. Early weight-bearing after microfracture may be beneficial in promoting the formation of more hyaline-like cartilage repair tissue, whereas range of motion exercise by continuous passive motion without weight-bearing might not be as effective, or even negatively affect the formation of the repair tissue during post-surgery rehabilitation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document