Cultural diplomacy is a recent diplomatic practice. Although elements of cultural-diplomatic actions have been evident ever since the early beginnings of diplomacy, it is safe to assume that cultural diplomacy saw its full development during the Cold War. Through cultural contents and forms, diplomacy promotes the system of values, ideas, representations and perceptions of a particular country. Cultural diplomacy is in direct and dynamic relation with both the internal and foreign political processes and contexts. When political, diplomatic, economic and military instruments and tools fail to produce the desired results, cultural diplomacy can unobtrusively create a favorable perception, affection and friendliness to its state and its policies. In this context, and from the aspect of international relations, the efforts of the former SFRY to implement cultural-diplomatic actions in its foreign policy are quite interesting. The first more complex international cultural-diplomatic representation of the SFRY occurred in years of unfavorable economic and social performance on the internal political scene and tense political relations with the countries of the Eastern Bloc on the foreign political scene. The profiling of the SFRY as a country different than those of the so-called "communist camp" and the creation of a favorable perception among the Western states and peoples shifted to the terrain of culture, and quite successfully so. Although the then Yugoslav authorities and official political intellectuals treated these activities as international cultural cooperation, from today's point of view, those were actually cultural-diplomatic actions that were strategically well devised and created, and also realized in the best possible way - in the spirit of the best practices of cultural diplomacy. The more fruitful cultural-diplomatic activities of the former SFRY, the better the possibilities for successful international political and economic positioning of the country. And vice versa, the new international positioning of the then Yugoslavia, changed the directions, methods and contents of its cultural diplomacy. The creation of the perception of a leader country in the Non-Aligned Movement was directly related to the cultural-diplomatic actions towards the countries of the so-called Third World. Statistical parameter analysis of the scholarships, students exchange and educational programs with countries from Africa, the Middle East and Asia indicates that the SFRY practiced extremely serious, thorough and modern cultural diplomacy, which for several decades had been effectuating excellent results in the international positioning of the country, simultaneously improving the domestic socio-economic and cultural performances.