SOCIAL MEDIA AND KOSOVO’S POLITICAL ACTORS

Social media are changing the nature of mass communication, demediating traditional media. They are being used as powerful platforms for the distribution and dissemination of information, activities, promotion of institutions, certain groups of interest of individuals, but also political actors for different purposes.Placing and disseminating information through the opportunities offered by social media enables the mobilization of a wider audience in new ways and ways. Politicians are exploiting these opportunities provided by social networks, without having to put information through journalists or traditional media. There are two theories in the literature regarding the use of social networks, optimistic and pessimistic theory. According to optimistic theory, social networks provide opportunities to compete for power. Theorists of this theory of using social media think that in the digital age, we are witnessing the transformation of information and the audience that uses them. According to them, the global success of social media has made it possible for everyone to connect directly to his audience through the platforms offered. With the use of these platforms, politicians gain attention and at the same time build a symmetrical or asymmetric relationship with their followers.Pessimistic theory, however, blames the social media for the use of false promise, and a pseudo-modernization of modern society. Studies believe that involvement in social networks and political actors at the same time implies a greater engagement of the audience that absorbs the information disclosed and affects the democratization of political competition. This paper aims to analyze the use of social networks as a means of information dissemination by Kosovar political actors and the content of the information being disclosed.The paper analyzes the posts of three key Kosovar politicians, Prime Minister Ramush Haradinaj, President Hashim Thaçi and Kosovo Assembly Speaker Kadri Veseli in their profiles on Facebook and Twitter social networks during a one-month monitoring period during May 2019

CONCEPTUAL ANALYSIS OF THE GEOGRAPHY TRAINING OF THE COUNTRIES IN THE BULGARIAN SCHOOL

This article explores geography training for the countries in high school, first high school and second high school stage. Content - analysis, conceptual and situational analysis, place and themes, meaning and role, goals and expected results, vertical relationships and activities, number of school hours and new concepts, geographical algorithm for characterization of the country and principles of study, and other methodologies - didactic segments, have been tracked.Didactic models of country training in compulsory and profiled preparation have been made up. Network dependencies and intra-disciplinary synthesis between the studied countries, typical representatives of the region between primary and secondary education for compulsory and profiled preparation, are revealed.Country training covers grades V, VI, VII, IX, X and XI in compulsory and profiled preparation.The educational reform in Bulgaria since 2016 has enacted in geography and economics curricula in all classes of compulsory preparation, with the article focusing on the connection and integration between compulsory and profiled geography preparation of the countries. The processes of expanding, upgrading and deepening the educational content for geography training of the countries by classes, stages and degrees of education are explored.Contemporary trends in the development of geographical science are reflected in the curricula content of profiled geography and economics preparation.Country geography training and territorial differentiation by region in the world are part of modular training 4.The curricula regulates the countries of study by applying the traditional geographical algorithm to characterize a country: geographical location and borders; geopolitical influence in the region and the world; natural resource potential; geo - demographic processes; urban development and urbanization; economic development.Characterization of selected countries in the region is constructed regionally - territorial and typological principle in XI class: Northern Europe (Sweden), Western Europe (United Kingdom), Southern Europe (Spain), Central Europe (Poland), Eastern Europe (Ukraine), Central Asia (Kazakhstan), Far East (Indonesia), Middle East (Iran), Middle East (Israel). Profile training in XI grade promotes the development of students' abilities to reason, discuss, comment and evaluate different ideas and concepts independently, which extends the geographical culture of understanding and reasonable activity in the geographical space.The geography and economics training of the profiled preparation are set out the current and contemporary trends of geographical development - regionalization, ecologization, economization, technology, socialization.The curricula determines the training in regional geography, focusing on the formation of students' skills for: expressing critical thinking, analyzing information from different sources, developing a scientific thesis, choosing contemporary behaviors and exhibiting active citizenship, discussing the basic intra-regional problems, mapping of sub-regions, analyzing information from different sources, developing a scientific question or solving a geographic case.

FEBRILE CONDITION IN 23-YEAR OLD PREGNANT WOMAN

A 23-year-old woman in her 29th gestation week of pregnancy was admitted in Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department with symptoms of fever, dyspnea and shortness of breath. The blood test examinations showed significant leukocytosis and elevated c-reactive protein levels. Transthoracic(TT) echocardiography was performed showing severe mitral valve regurgitation with posterior cusp destruction confirming the diagnosis of infective endocarditis. The condition of the patient significantly deteriorated, and she was urgently transferred to the Cardiovascular Surgery Department for an emergent surgical treatment. She was admitted in the Intensive Care Unit with clinical signs of severe septic shock and severe left heart insufficiency. A consultation of gynaecologist was performed and fetal death in utero from fetal ultrasonography was diagnosed. A decision for an emergent simultaneous operation was taken. During the anesthesia induction the patient developed severe circulatory shock needing a cardiopulmonary resuscitation which restored the spontaneous circulation after one minute. At first, before heparinization sectio parva was performed confirming the diagnosis of fetal death. During the cardiac operation after the cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB) institution, mitral valve replacement and inspection of the tricuspid valve was performed. The CPB was discontinued with three catecholamine support. In the postoperative period she was febrile with severe multiple organ system failure(MOSF) manifestation, generalized single tonic-clonic seizure and in the following hours three seizures with focal onset(muscle contractions in the right facial half) were observed. On the postoperative day(POD) 2 she developed clinical signs of blue discoloration of the distal phalanx of the left foot. Doppler ultrasound examination showed subtle pulsations on the left dorsal pedal artery. Ultrahemofiltration with antiseptic filter was performed for cytokine removal. In the following days the condition of the patient improved. She was extubated on POD 4, transferred to the post-operative department on POD 7 and discharged on POD 23. Despite advances in medicine, the treatment of the infective endocarditis is associated with high mortality and complication rates. Multidisciplinary collaboration is crucial for achieving the best outcome.

THE WORKING-BEE NON-MEASURED SONG IN THE PIRIN FOLKLORE REGION – ESSENCE, FORMAL AND STRUCTURAL SPECIFICS

One of the most widespread and striking folklore cycles in the Pirin region are the songs sung at a working-bee. They represent almost 1/3 of the song diversity of this region and are a preferred genre among the local population. A large part of the working-bee songs distributed in the Pirin region are non-measured. Their non-measured nature is determined primarily by their function as songs accompanying a particular work activity. The working-bee non-measured songs are an integral part of the life of the Pirin population. They are performed during the doing of some common work – tobacco stringing, sewing, knitting and are sung mainly by young people in the village - boys, girls, young brides. Some working-bee songs have a specific purpose in the work process. There are songs for starting the working-bee and songs that are sung when the girls are going out of the bee, as well as spring and autumn bee songs. Antiphonic singing is also typical of this type of non-measured songs. During the common labor activity, more people meet together in one place, which favors the emergence of various and interesting forms of performance. Often singers are split into two groups of two or three singers, with one group singing in and the other singing out. The performance of the working-bee non-measured songs is characterized by sharp, ringing sound, and the singing is intense, open. In formal-structural terms, non-measured working-bee songs are extremely diverse. There are one-tone and two-tone songs, and more and more often nowadays, the old local two-voice is being replaced by the performance of songs in parallel thirds. The working-bee song cycle is particularly rich in a variety of subjects. There are historical, haiduk, heroic stories, songs related to daily work, family life, love. For the most part, working-bee non-measured songs in the Pirin region are performed in a two-tone manner, mostly the old, local songs. The homophonic ones that have arisen in recent times are mostly with historical themes, reflecting events from the Liberation Wars, the Balkan War, etc., as well as songs with a love theme. The so-called working-bee choruses are also very common in this region, sung in a variety of tunes, some of which are not local but come from other folklore areas. Due to their peculiarities and characteristics, the working-bee non-measured songs are defined as a specific song group in the musical folklore of the Pirin region. This paper examines and analyzes their peculiarities in terms of their formal-structural components - melody, musical form, ambitus, mode, polyphony, ornamentation, rhythmic characteristic, the purpose of which is to highlight their distinctive features and specifics.

SUCCESSFUL PERFORMANCE OF BASKETBALL TEAMS DEPENDING ON PERCEPTION OF COACH LEADERSHIP QUALITIES

The subject of the study is the leadership qualities of basketball coaches. The purpose of this study is to determine whether there is a link between the leadership qualities of basketball coaches and the team rankings.The study included 12 women's basketball teams - 6 Italian and 6 Bulgarian. The Italian basketball clubs participate in the Unione Italiana Sport for all (UISP) Championship and the Bulgarian in the National University Championship (NUS). 172 people were examined and were divided into competitors (n = 160) and coaches (n = 12).The final ranking of the teams is the ranking in the respective championships (Lombardy in Italy and Sofia in Bulgaria). The possible successes of the teams after the regional championship phase (for example, participation in a national championship or playoffs) have not been observed.The empirical study was conducted with a specially transformed and modified version of the Multivariate Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) developed by Bass (Bass & Avolio, 1989). The questionnaire contains a total of 15 questions and five of the questions focus on three types of leadership. The rating includes a scale from 0 to 4 for each item. The questionnaire was translated into Italian and Bulgarian. The tool consists of two parts. The first component is the leader's (coach's) self-esteem with regarding his leadership style, and the second is the assessment made by the followers (players) regarding their perceptions of the leader's (coach's) behavior. The questionnaires were distributed to some teams via the Internet and to others directly at the training site for short-handed completion and returned directly to the researcher. The collection was made simultaneously in Italy and Bulgaria. Correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were used to process the obtained data.The analysis of the results shows that the ranking is aggravated by the growing differences in perceptions of the leader (coach) and followers (players) of the leadership style practiced mainly by the leader. It is observed that participants who receive low values of deviation in perceptions are more efficient. Taking into account external factors, we note that 43% of team rankings are explained by differences in perceptions, age, team years, number of teams changed, and training hours per week. Age factors, team years and the number of teams changed per player have a minor effect on the ranking. The factor that showed more importance for presentation was the weekly training hours.

UNDERSTANDING STIGMA – THEORETICAL AND EMPIRICAL APPROACHES

Stigma is a powerful tool for social control. It can be used to differentiate, exclude or exert pressure on certain individuals or groups of people who have certain characteristics. Stigma does great harm to both the individual and society as a whole. The main objective of stigma is to maintain visible the negative qualities of the individual in order to place them in a disadvantaged position and lasting social and psychological isolation. However, stigma goes beyond the level of the individual and becomes a social problem when it affects wider categories of people. The main purpose of the report is to seek adequate scientific approaches and methods to understanding and study of the phenomenon social stigma. Stigmatized people are often subject to rejection and social exclusion. In its extreme forms stigma turns into discrimination which directly violates their civil and human rights. Stigma and discrimination, seen as violations of fundamental human rights, can occur at different levels: political, economic, social, psychological and institutional. As social processes through which social control is created and maintained, generating, legitimizing and reproducing social inequality, stigma and discrimination are at the heart of the vicious circle in which some groups of people are underestimated and others feel superior and untouchable. To illustrate the process of stigmatization, we will use the example of people living with HIV / AIDS. Theory of stigmatization plays an important explanatory role in the experience of a comprehensive understanding of the social relations of phenomena such as HIV / AIDS. The deep understanding of the mechanisms by which stigma and discriminatory attitudes affect the overall life of people living with HIV / AIDS will help us not only to treat adequate them, but to form a workable and effective action against the spread of the disease. From the moment when scientists are confronted with HIV and AIDS, the social response to fear, denial, stigma and discrimination has accompanied the epidemic. It can be said that HIV and AIDS are more of a social phenomenon than a pure biological or medical problem. It leads to an unfounded sense of shame and guilt and a sense of futility. Stigma incites depression and despair, causes lack of self-esteem. It pushes people to mental and social isolation and deprives them of support and care, increasing their vulnerability. In this way, stigma exacerbates the negative impact of the disease and increases the risk of its spread.

DOES PUBLIC DEBT HAMPER ECONOMIC GROWTH: EVIDENCE FROM EUROPEAN TRANSITIONAL COUNTRIES

Lately, there has been an increased interest among policy makers and scholars regarding the nexus between public debt and economic growth, with emphasizes on its effects on transition economies, particularly after the last global financial crisis. This paper tries to investigate the impact of public debt on economic growth in the European transition economies, for the time spin 2000-2016, by using Pooled OLS, Fixed effects, Random effects and Hausman – Taylor Instrumental variable (IV). In addition, results reveal that public debt although has positive effect on per capita growth still is statistically insignificant, whereas debt square has negative effect on per capita GDP growth. Further, gross savings, final consumption and fixed capital formation have positive effect on per capita growth, while government expenditures do not show significant impact. Moreover, such results highlight important implications for fiscal policymakers in these countries in order to foster the economic growth in the context of public debt level.

THE SIGNIFICANT ROLE OF THE TOURISM IN ACHIEVING THE UNITED NATIONS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS

As the United Nations General Assembly affirmed when announcing the adoption of 2017 as the International Year of Sustainable Tourism for Development, tourism can contribute to all the three dimensions of sustainable development – economic, social and environmental – and each of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals. Not only does the sector spearhead growth, it also improves the quality of people’s lives. It can bolster environmental protection, champion diverse cultural heritage, and strengthen peace in the world. In this spirit, World Tourism Day 2017 presents a unique opportunity to raise awareness on the contribution of sustainable tourism for development among public and private sector decision-makers and the international community, while mobilizing all stakeholders to work together in making tourism a catalyst for positive change. Accounting for 7% of worldwide exports, one in eleven jobs and 10% of the world’s GDP, the tourism sector if well managed can foster inclusive economic growth, social inclusiveness and the protection of cultural and natural assets. The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, is plan of action for the people, planet and prosperity. In accordance with paragraph 84 of the 2030 Agenda, Member States have decided that the High Level Political Forum shall carry out regular voluntary reviews of the 2030 Agenda which will include developed and developing countries as well as relevant UN entities and other stakeholders. The reviews were state-led, involving ministerial and other relevant high-level participants, and provide a platform for partnerships, including through the participation of major groups and other relevant stakeholders. Since the first United Nations Conference on Environment and Development in 1992 - known as the Earth Summit, it was recognized that achieving sustainable development would require the active participation of all sectors of society and all types of people. Agenda 21, adopted at the Earth Summit, drew upon this sentiment and formalized nine sectors of society as the main channels through which broad participation would be facilitated in UN activities related to sustainable development. It also seeks to strengthen universal peace in larger freedom, in the same time recognising that eradicating poverty in all its forms and dimensions, including extreme poverty, is the greatest global challenge and an indispensable requirement for sustainable development. All countries and all stakeholders, has committed that acting in collaborative partnership, will implement this plan.

PROJECT MANAGEMENT AND DEVELOPMENT

Determinant systems - are systems in which the state of the system can be fully identified at any time even if the implementation of a specific control act or entry leads to a false state, which can be foreseen, then such a system is defined. Namely, the determinant system is a system whose behavior is fully known. Such systems consist of the elements between which precisely defined links exist, and their interconnections are known, so that when we know the prior state and the information processing algorithm we can predict the following state of the system. Governance with defined systems implies the existence of a specific purpose and criterion of governance. With these systems we mean real-material systems that exist in a given environment. Once determined, the timing breaks down to a small or large extent, depending on the changing environment, just as under the influence and influence of the system itself. There is no 100% defined system for this. Stochastic systems - are those in which the application of the controlling or influential action of inputs to the system transforms the known state of the system into one possible state, but not the only action. Stochastic meaning is the opposite of determination. Stochastic meaning is used when we want to mark phenomena (processes) which do not perform according to the prescribed law but contain a random character. Their prediction is based on false probability experience. In the stochastic set of systems belong composite systems, hence systems consisting of a large number of interconnected elements. Often with stochastic systems we refer to systems that cannot be described accurately in the language of mathematics either because the system has a large number of related elements unknown to us or because we know enough about the nature of the phenomena that occur. in the system itself, and therefore we cannot quantitatively describe them. Systems with stochastic behavior are thought of as systems where processes and changes in them are driven by insufficient causes for us. To govern these systems we need to know the probability of the origin of the particular state of the system in which they can be found after the implementation of the particular action (experiments).Equilibrium - is once and for all the right condition. When the system sets a state of equilibrium, then it tends to contain that state regardless of the circumstances that prevail in the surroundings. If the system with external or internal impact is removed from the equilibrium state and if it returns to equilibrium state even after the effects of those triggers are stopped, then it is a stable system. The stable system has the specified equilibrium time and does not change location and condition without the influence of external forces. Labile system - after exerting force from outside it returns to the previous state again with the help of another force. The system with large entropy does not return on its own. Label system processes usually progress and we stop them as needed. Indifferent systems - take the position and remain n and remain in it depending on the force acting on it.