Thermal Expansion and Second‐Order Transition Effects in High Polymers: III. Time Effects

1946 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 398-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Spencer ◽  
R. F. Boyer
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Expansion ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Order Transition ◽  
Time Effects ◽  
Second Order Transition ◽  
Transition Effects ◽  
High Polymers

Thermal Expansion and Second-Order Transition Effects in High Polymers. I. Experimental Results

1944 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 802-812
Author(s):  
R. F. Boyer ◽  
R. S. Spencer
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Expansion ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Order Transition ◽  
Theoretical Treatment ◽  
Polymeric Systems ◽  
Crystalline Polymers ◽  
Brittle Point ◽  
Second Order Transition ◽  
Transition Effects ◽  
Point Determination

Abstract The results presented here on second-order transitions are in general accord with what has been known for other high polymeric systems. The value of the volume-temperature technique for investigating the nature of polymeric mixtures and the homogeneity of copolymers has been emphasized. In Part II a theoretical treatment of second-order transition effects, including the related brittle point determination, will be given. Finally, Part III will permit a more expanded treatment of the behavior of Saran and other crystalline polymers.

Ideal Copolymers and the Second-Order Transitions of Synthetic Rubbers. I. Noncrystalline Copolymers

1953 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 323-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manfred Gordon ◽  
James S. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Expansion ◽  
Transition Temperature ◽  
Small Molecules ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Order Transition ◽  
Kinetic Measurements ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Second Order Transition ◽  
Binary Copolymers ◽  
General Reduction

Abstract Theoretical and practical evidence is put forward to show that copolymers can be treated like solutions of small molecules in the interpretation of packing phenomena, and that ideal volume-additivity of the repeating units in copolymers is frequently realized. On this basis equations are derived for predicting θ, the second-order transition temperature, of binary copolymers from the two second-order transition temperatures of the pure polymers and their coefficients of expansion in the glassy and rubbery states. Previous mechanistic theories of the second-order transition temperature of such copolymers are thus superseded by a general reduction of the problem to the mechanism of thermal expansion. Practical applications to the choice of monomers in producing synthetic rubbers are outlined, and attention is drawn to the importance of second-order transitions in kinetic measurements on the reactions of polymers.

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