Effect of common root rot (Cochliobolus sativus) on yields of barley under experimental conditions in northern Syria

1997 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 351 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. G. van Leur ◽  
M. Z. Alamdar ◽  
S. Khawatmi
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Cochliobolus Sativus ◽  
Common Root ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Common Root Rot ◽  
Improvement Programs ◽  
The Impact

The impact of Cochliobolus sativus on grain yield of different barley cultivars was studied for 3 seasons in northern Syria by comparing plots with and without artificial inoculation. Distributing oat kernels infested with C. sativus next to barley seed and inoculating seed with C. sativus conidia in a peat carrier resulted in an increase in common root rot symptoms on the subcrown internode. Subcrown internodes were shorter in inoculated than uninoculated plots. The effect of inoculation differed greatly among cultivars and years. Highest losses from the common root rot occurred under dry growing conditions, whereas a significant yield increase was noted on 2 susceptible lines grown under adequate moisture. As common root rot can reduce barley yield in unfavourable environments, the disease should be considered by crop improvement programs aimed at low-rainfall zones in Mediterranean environments.

The effect of common root rot on the yield of resistant and susceptible wheat

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 869-877 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Conner ◽  
G. C. Kozub ◽  
K. L. Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Cochliobolus Sativus ◽  
Common Root ◽  
Back Cross ◽  
Common Root Rot ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Disease Free

The impact of common root rot, caused by Cochliobolus sativus, on the yield of mixtures of resistant and susceptible backcross-6 derivative lines of Neepawa and Chester wheat was examined in field tests at three locations between 1991 and 1994. Different blends consisting of all 25% incremental combinations of resistant and susceptible back-cross lines within each cultivar were evaluated for disease severity and yield at root rot nurseries and disease-free sites. Significant (P < 0.05) differences in yield were often detected among cultivars. However, within cultivars, no consistent yield differences were observed among blends of resistant and susceptible lines of the same cultivar regardless of root rot severity. Key words:Cochliobolus sativus, common root rot, yield, wheat

The impact of crop rotation and N fertilizer on common root rot of spring wheat in the Brown soil zone of western Canada

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 569-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Fernandez ◽  
R. P. Zentner
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Cochliobolus Sativus ◽  
Common Root ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Common Root Rot ◽  
The Impact

From 2000 to 2003, spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown in southwest Saskatchewan 1 or 2 yr after summerfallow, and after lentil (Lens culinaris Medik), flax (Linum usitatissimum L.), or continuously with and without fertilizer N was examined for root rot by measuring discoloration of subcrown internodes. Discolored tissue was also plated on nutrient agar for fungal identification. In general, common root rot was present at consistently highest levels in wheat grown after lentil, and at lowest levels in wheat grown continuously with low N fertility. The most common fungal species isolated from affected subcrown internodes were Cochliobolus sativus (Ito and Kurib.) Drechs. ex Dast. and Fusarium spp. Among the latter, F. avenaceum (Fr.) Sacc., F. equiseti (Corda) Sacc. and F. pseudograminearum O’Donnell & T. Aoki were most frequent. Fusarium avenaceum is one of the most common fusarium head blight pathogens in Saskatchewan. Wheat after lentil had one of the highest levels of this fungus. Continuous wheat grown with recommended N rates and wheat grown after summerfallow had in most cases similar root rot levels, but the frequency of fungi differed. Among the crop rotations examined, it appears that the most favourable for development of root rot in wheat was a wheat-lentil rotation. This cereal-pulse system may also contribute to a build-up of F. avenaceum inoculum for the development of fusarium head blight, an important emerging disease of cereals in Saskatchewan. Key words: Crop rotation, common root rot, wheat, Cochliobolus sativus, Fusarium, nitrogen

Histology of Cochliobolus sativus infection in subcrown internodes of wheat and barley

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (12) ◽  
pp. 1344-1354 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. C. Huang ◽  
R. D. Tinline
Keyword(s):  
Hair Cells ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Infection Process ◽  
Cochliobolus Sativus ◽  
Common Root ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Common Root Rot ◽  
Stomatal Guard Cells ◽  
Infection Cushions

Histological study of the infection process of Cochliobolus sativus in subcrown internodes of postseedling plants failed to disclose differences in wheat and barley cultivars that differed markedly in resistance to common root rot in the field. Appressoria and infection cushions were formed on the host surface before penetration. The dome-shaped infection cushions consisted of short-celled hyphae surrounded by long-celled running hyphae. Penetration occurred by fine infection pegs produced from appressoria or the short-celled hyphae in the infection cushions. A lignituber occurred beneath each penetration site. The fungus penetrated wheat or barley subcrown internodes via various epidermal cells, including hair cells, stomatal guard cells, and the rectangular cells. Infection proceeded from the epidermis to the cortex and endodermis, resulting in breakdown of these tissues. Sometimes the stele also was invaded and vascular tissues were occluded. Three morphologically different hyphae, namely fine aseptate infection hyphae, long-celled running hyphae, and coarse, short-celled hyphae, were observed. Dark-stained objects, directly or indirectly associated with the fungus, frequently were found in infected tissues.

The epidemiology of common root rot in Manitou wheat: disease progression during the growing season

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (7) ◽  
pp. 1757-1764 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. Verma ◽  
R. A. A. Morrall ◽  
R. D. Tinline
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Plant Development ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Cochliobolus Sativus ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Common Root ◽  
Common Root Rot ◽  
Disease Rating

Common root rot in Triticum aestivum cultivar Manitou caused primarily by Cochliobolus sativus was followed during plant development in 1969, 1970, and 1971 at Matador, Saskatchewan. Plants were sampled at intervals, and three variables based mainly on the occurrence of lesions on subcrown internodes were studied: number of diseased plants per square meter; percentage of diseased plants; and disease rating which integrated percentage of diseased plants and disease severity on each plant. All variables increased with time, and the progression curves in all 3 years were hyperbolic, indicating that the increases were like those of a simple interest disease as described by Van der Plank. In two of the years, almost 100% of the plants were diseased considerably before the end of the season. The transformation proposed by Van der Plank for simple interest diseases, log10[1/(1 − x)], was applied to the percentages of diseased plants, and regressions were calculated. The slopes of these lines (infection rates) were as follows: 1969, 0.99% plants per day; 1970, 1.32%; and 1971, 1.96%. In 1969 the onset of disease was later than in 1970 and 1971, and there was correspondingly less disease at the end of the growing season.

The effect of common root rot on components of grain yield in Manitou wheat

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (24) ◽  
pp. 2888-2892 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. Verma ◽  
R. A. A. Morrall ◽  
R. D. Tinline
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cochliobolus Sativus ◽  
Common Root ◽  
Common Root Rot

The effects of common root rot (Cochliobolus sativus) on components of grain yield in naturally infected Triticum aestivum cultivar Manitou were studied at Matador, Saskatchewan, by sampling plants at maturity in 1969, 1970, and 1971. Plants were sorted into severe (SE), moderate (MO), slight (SL), and clean (CL) categories based mainly on the extent of lesions on the subcrown internodes. The number of tillers per plant, the number and weight of grains per head, the weight per head, and the 1000-kernel weight in each category were determined. Increasing values of all five components were consistently associated with decreasing disease severity. SE was mostly significantly different from the other three categories in all components except 1000-kernel weight; differences between SL and MO were usually non-significant. CL and SL were mostly significantly different for the number of tillers per plant and weight per head but non-significant for the weight and number of grains per head and 1000-kernel weight. Apparently, the major effect of common root rot was to reduce the number of tillers per plant and number of grains per head.

EFFECTS OF SEED SPACING ON COMMON ROOT ROT OF SOME BARLEY CULTIVARS

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 611-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. PIENING
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Plant Competition ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Common Root ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Common Root Rot ◽  
Economic Method ◽  
Seed Spacing ◽  
Interplant Competition ◽  
Moderately Resistant

The effect of varying interplant competition on common root rot and yield was examined in barley over a 4-yr period. One experiment studied the effects of thinning. Other tests with a constant level of interplant competition examined the effects of interplanted root-rot-resistant barley or oat cultivars on the root rot reaction and yield of susceptible barley cultivars. Increasing interplant spacing by thinning reduced root rot significantly in Gateway and Bonanza barley in 1 out of 4 years, but yield was increased significantly only in Gateway in 2 out of 4 years. Yield reduction due to root rot was significantly less in 1 out of 2 years when the distance between Gateway plants was increased due to the interplanting of oats. The lack of a consistent reduction in root rot or yield loss by reducing plant competition or interplanting with moderately resistant barley or oats precludes use of lower seeding rates or mixed crops as an economic method of reducing root rot.Key words: Interplant competition, common root rot, barley

scholarly journals Diverse responses of old, modern and landraces of Syrian wheat genotypes to common root rot under field conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-96
Author(s):  
M.I.E. Arabi ◽  
E. Al-Shehadah ◽  
M. Jawhar
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Common Root ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Common Root Rot ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Favorable Conditions

Abstract The yield response of widely grown cultivars and landraces of Syrian wheat challenged with common root rot (CRR: Cochliobolus sativus) was measured by comparing plots with and without artificial inoculation under experimental conditions in two consecutive seasons. The results showed that response to CRR differed depending on the susceptibility levels of the wheat cultivars, and that the disease significantly (P<0.05) reduced grain yield, number of tillers and kernel weight. The diseased plants had fewer tillers which consequently reduced grain yield per plant. Yield losses of Triticum durum cultivars were higher than those of Triticum aestivum. In addition, the T. durum landrace Horani exhibited the best level of resistance to the disease, which indicates that this landrace might be a candidate donor for resistance in future breeding programmes. As CRR can dramatically reduce wheat grain yields under favorable conditions, management practices that reduce disease severity are highly recommended.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document