Economic method of oil production based on electrophoresis

Electrophoresis can be considered as a fundamentally new method of lifting oil without the use of producing wells and mechanical devices, with the help of which it is supposed to organize oil extraction from explored fields with a reduction in its cost by 70-80%. The source of electricity for the implementation of the proposed method of oil recovery based on electrophoresis can be a method of autonomous generation of electricity based on atmospheric electricity. This method is based on the operation of a natural generator consisting of the Earth, the atmosphere, the ionosphere and the Earth›s magnetic field.The proposed energy source is simple in design, convenient to use. As a result, the resulting energy is very cheap and environmentally friendly. The use of such an installation can be carried out in any area of the Earth. Keywords: oil production; electrophoresis; electric field; atmospheric electricity; carbon; the cost of lifting oil.

The Scientisation of Economics

Lionel Robbins was appointed head of the Department of Economics at the London School of Economics (LSE) in 1929 following the sudden death of Allyn Young, the incumbent professor. Young had not made any significant alteration to the teaching at LSE, but from the very first Robbins set about reorganising the profile of economics teaching. The framework within which he did this was one of a ‘science’ based upon ‘economic principles’, and in 1932 his Essay on the Nature and Significance of Economic Science provided the methodological template for his project. This work appears to owe a great deal to Austrian economics, but it can be demonstrated that this was indirect, chiefly through the work of Wicksteed and Wicksell, hence reflecting economics where it had stood in the 1880s. Nonetheless, Robbins was successful in repackaging this work, and his Essay stimulated the development of discussions of economic method. In addition, Robbins’s lectures provided the template for the textbook literature of the 1950s, cementing the influence of the LSE on the training of young economists. However, this training remained at the undergraduate level for the most part due to the lack of labour market demand for economists in Britain; in the United States, by contrast, graduate teaching became the motor through which American economics came to dominate the international teaching of economics.

TOWARDS THE CONSTRIBUTION OF ECONOMICS TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF ITS SCIENTIFIC NEIGHBORS. The case of a legal scholarship

In Tříska (2017) have been suggested ways how legal scholarship (LS) may contribute to the development of economics - economic theory (ET). The objective of the present article is to corroborate a reverse know how transfer, i.e. from ET to LS. Its method is thus primarily derived from how micro-economics approaches the institution of a homo economicus. The articles objective is to show under what conditions can this economic method be expanded and generalized so as to open ways for its application upon neighboring disciplines of societal studies. The outcome of this endeavor– for want of a better term - is presented under the label of a General Theory of Choice and Behavior (GTCB). Moreover, it is argued that – under the umbrella of GTCB – the disciplines can establish their genuine scientific underpinning and hence also absorb a formalized analytical tool-kit. For concreteness, this conclusion is illustrated for legal scholarship, namely its concept a contract to be strictly taken in the economics sense of a collective choice. On the highest level of generalization, the article should be understood as a response to the seminal Elinor Ostrom’s call for an agreement amongst societal scholars upon universally acceptable analytical building blocks.

The Influence of Groundwater Desalination by Modified Active Carbon/Bentonite on Its Application in Agriculture

It cannot be denied the importance of groundwater (Gw) as a source for irrigation. It is considered the only source of water in some locations such as newly reclaimed lands. However, the groundwater quality could be affected by salinity or heavy metals because of human activities or natural reasons. Thence, groundwater desalination comes to above as a part of the solution. In this study, the modified active carbon by inorganic iron polymer (Fex(OH)y) (Fe-AC) and bentonite (Ben) were used in groundwater desalination. The treatment process of 2 liters of groundwater was carried out by using a fixed-bed column where the flow rate was 120 mL/hour for each 20 grams sorbent. The results showed that the EC value of groundwater (2.54 dS/m) was reduced to 1.12 dS/m for treated groundwater (TGw) by Fe-AC/Ben mixture. Furthermore, the effect of irrigation by Gw and TGw was tested on the Faba bean and soil properties. The vegetative characters were significantly affected by irrigation by saline Gw while plant characters were much better after irrigation with TGw as well as soil chemical properties. Accordingly, the desalination of groundwater by Fe-AC/Ben mixture considers an effective and economic method that can be applied to reduce groundwater salinity and its impact on soil and crop.

Comparison of Initial pH Adjustment Prior to Thermophilic Anaerobic Digestion of Lime-Treated Corn Stover via Liquid Digestate or CO2

Neutralization with liquid digestate and CO2 was compared herein to adjust the pH of lime-treated corn stover. The effects on the thermophilic (55 °C) anaerobic digestion were also analyzed. Liquid digestate neutralization (LDN) caused a decrease in pH from 10.5 to 7.5 in 60 h and accumulation of acetic/isobutyric acids. The CO2 neutralization (CN) under solid-state conditions reduced the pH from 10.5 to 8.5 in 30 min, which is faster than that of LDN and did not affect the subsequent anaerobic digestion. Biomethane production rate indicates that LDN contributed to the performance of anaerobic digestion, but this was not sufficient to compensate for the loss of total biomethane yield, resulting in a negative net profit (i.e., revenue from increased energy production minus reagent cost). For CN under solid-state conditions, the biomethane production was highest in both liquid- and solid-state anaerobic digestion, and also obtained a net profit of 98.74–100.89 RMB/tonne dry biomass. Therefore, the solid-state condition CN is a more efficient and economic method for adjusting initial pH of lime-treated corn stover.

Rhodium-catalyzed intermolecular enantioselective Alder–ene type reaction of cyclopentenes with silylacetylenes

The Alder–ene type reaction between alkenes and alkynes provides an efficient and atom-economic method for the construction of C-C bond, which has been widely employed in the synthesis of natural products and other functional molecules. The intramolecular enantioselective Alder-ene cycloisomerization reactions of 1,n-enynes have been extensively investigated. However, the intermolecular asymmetric version has not been reported, and remains a challenging task. Herein, we describe a rhodium-catalyzed intermolecular enantioselective Alder-ene type reaction of cyclopentenes with silylacetylenes. A variety of chiral (E)-vinylsilane tethered cyclopentenes bearing one quaternary carbon and one tertiary carbon stereocenters are achieved in high yields and enantioselectivities. The reaction undergoes carbonyl-directed migratory insertion, β-H elimination and desymmetrization of prochiral cyclopentenes processes.

Ethics with an economic method: A new perspective on business ethics

Purpose: The purpose of this article was to review the book of Christoph Lütge and Matthias Uhl (2021) entitled Business ethics. An economically informed perspective (Oxford University Press).Design/methodology/approach: The approach followed is to give an overview of the book’s content, appraise the positive contribution followed by some critical questions for further discussions.Findings/results: The key finding is that the book, indeed, contributes to establish ethics with an economic method as a novel approach.Practical implications: Practical implications are found in both the approach to global ethics and especially to risk management design.Originality/value: The value of the book lies in its use as a handbook at a graduate level and as a guide to managers to implement corporate-level ethics.

Dynamic Compaction of Sandy Soils in Kuwait – A Case Study

Ground improvement was required for construction of the Jaber Al Ahmed New City located about 25 km west of Kuwait City, Kuwait. Loose to medium poorly graded sands, and silty sands extended from ground level to a depth ranging from 5m to 9m. Dynamic compaction was employed, as an economic method, to increase the soil bearing capacity and reduce its compressibility for foundation design and construction. The testing program included borings and sampling, Standard Penetration Tests, Cone Penetration Tests and Pressuremeter Tests before and after dynamic compaction. The area covered in this study is about 31415m2. The results indicated significant ground improvement, and satisfaction of the specified acceptance criteria resulting in an allowable soil pressure, for shallow foundation design, equal to or exceeding 300 kN/m2.

HEREDITARY FARMING: A SYNERGY PANEL IN THE COMMON AGRICULTURAL POLICY

The use of the potential of the land and the natural resources of the new generations in the separate regions are the main prerequisite and basis for the development of a certain type of multifunctional agriculture. The process of continuity should be seen as a process and not as a one-off action or event. The aim of the study is to analyze the process of inheritance in agriculture, as a socio-economic method for ensuring the viability of rural areas. The analysis is based on empirical evidence - cases from family farms and young heirs in rural areas of Bulgaria. The transfer of farm management to the next generation must be organized. Otherwise, the alternative is clear: resettlement from rural areas, a rapidly aging population and insufficient young people to enter the sector. Recognizing the importance of continuity, the Common Agricultural Policy provides training and funding to encourage young people to engage in agricultural activities.