Optimising smoke treatments for jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata) forest rehabilitation

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie A. Norman ◽  
Julie A. Plummer ◽  
John M. Koch ◽  
Greg R. Mullins
Keyword(s):  
Rehabilitation Program ◽  
Forest Species ◽  
Dormancy Breaking ◽  
Jarrah Forest ◽  
Eucalyptus Marginata ◽  
Bauxite Mining ◽  
Application Methods ◽  
Forest Rehabilitation ◽  
Irreversible Nature ◽  
Smoke Water

Alcoa is undertaking rehabilitation in the jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata D.Don ex Sm.) forest of Western Australia, following bauxite mining. One of the methods used in the rehabilitation program is broadcasting seeds; however, about two-thirds of species require seed-dormancy-breaking treatments. Smoke overcomes dormancy and enhances the germination of many jarrah forest species. Smoke-application methods were investigated to find the best seed treatment for 64 jarrah forest species. The optimum duration of seed imbibition in aqueous smoke and dilution of the aqueous smoke product were also investigated. The method of smoke application was important. Smoke water enhanced the germination of 12% of species, whereas aerosol smoke enhanced the germination of 6% of species. Both Grevillea pilulifera (Lindl.) Druce and Velleia trinervis Labill. had germination enhanced by both smoke-application methods. Aerosol smoke inhibited the germination of Clematis pubescens Endl. and Hypocalymma angustifolium (Endl.) Schauer. A total of 78% of species did not exhibit significantly enhanced germination when smoke treated, including the two species inhibited by smoke treatment. Germination was equivalent following 1- and 12-h imbibition in the aqueous smoke extract. Dilutions of the aqueous extract Regen 2000 Smokemaster from 1 to 3% were optimal for the germination of Marianthus bicolor (Putt.) F.Muell and Stylidium amoenum R.Br., even after subsequent washing with water, demonstrating the irreversible nature of smoke treatments. For species that did not exhibit smoke-enhanced germination, other dormancy-breaking treatments may be required before a response to smoke is elicited. These results have application to a wide variety of natural managed lands, disturbed and designed landscapes.

The Loss of Va Mycorrhizal Infectivity During Bauxite Mining May Limit the Growth of Acacia pulchella R.Br.

1989 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
DA Jasper ◽  
LK Abbott ◽  
AD Robson
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soil ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Jarrah Forest ◽  
Eucalyptus Marginata ◽  
Bauxite Mining ◽  
Disturbed Soil ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Va Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Undisturbed Forest

We used plant bioassays to monitor the decline in infectivity of VA mycorrhizal fungi in topsoil during bauxite mining. In a second experiment, we investigated the seasonal changes in the infectivity of VA mycorrhizal fungi in jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata Donn ex Smith) forest soil. Finally, we tested the hypothesis that Acacia pulchella growing in soil disturbed during bauxite mining would respond to phosphorus and to inoculation with VA mycorrhizal fungi. During bauxite mining in the Western Australian jarrah forest, the infectivity of propagules of VA mycorrhizal fungi in topsoil was destroyed, even when the soil was stripped and respread promptly without stockpiling. Most infectivity was lost within 3 weeks of clearing the vegetation, before the soil was disturbed. The rapid loss of infectivity may be associated with the absence of spores in the soil. In a revegetated, respread soil, the infectivity of VA rnycorrhizal fungi was substantially greater than that of freshly disturbed soil, but less than levels recorded in similar undisturbed forest soil. There were no clear seasonal changes in VA mycorrhizal infectivity, indicating that the loss of infectivity during mining was not a seasonal response. Dry matter production by Acacia pulchella, in a glasshouse experiment, was at least doubled if soil from experiment 1 was inoculated with effective VA mycorrhizal fungi.

Tree Species Preferences of Foraging Birds in Jarrah Forest in Western Australia.

1985 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 461 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Abbott ◽  
PV Heurck
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Selective Logging ◽  
Jarrah Forest ◽  
Eucalyptus Marginata ◽  
Silvicultural Treatments ◽  
Species Preferences

A study of foraging by 10 bird species suggests that selective logging of large Eucalyptus marginata will only have affected Melithreptus lunatus, but that proposed silvicultural treatments, including removal of Banksia grandis, may affect several other bird species.

Comparative Studies in Selected Species of Eucalyptus Used in Rehabilitation of the Northern Jarrah Forest, Western Australia. I. Patterns of Xylem Pressure Potential and Diffusive Resistance of Leaves

1984 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 367 ◽  
Author(s):  
IJ Colquhoun ◽  
RW Ridge ◽  
DT Bell ◽  
WA Loneragan ◽  
J Kuo
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Seasonal Patterns ◽  
Pressure Potential ◽  
Jarrah Forest ◽  
Eucalyptus Marginata ◽  
Xylem Pressure ◽  
Diffusive Resistance ◽  
Xylem Pressure Potential ◽  
The Impact

Land use which reduces tree canopy density and the impact of Phytophthora cinnamomi are believed to be altering the hydrological balance of parts of the northern jarrah forest, Western Australia. In the drier eastern zones of the forest, replacement plant communities must maintain the soil-salt-water balance to prevent significant increases in salinization of streams in water supply catchments. Daily and seasonal patterns of the diffusive resistance of leaves and xylem pressure potential were determined for the major natural dominant of the region, Eucalyptus marginata, and five other species of Eucalyptus used in rehabilitation. Three types of daily and seasonal patterns were observed. E. marginata and E. calophylla exhibited little stomatal control of water loss, and leaf resistances remained low throughout the study period (type 1). E. maculata, E. resinifera and E. saligna exhibited marked stomatal regulation during summer days when xylem pressure potentials fell below -2.O MPa (type 2). E. wandoo (type 3) also controlled water loss but developed xylem pressure potentials far lower than all other species tested (<-3.0 MPa). Although none of the species tested replicated the summer stomatal resistance and xylem pressure potential patterns of E. marginata, it is suggested that total annual water use should be examined before selecting the most appropriate species to rehabilitate disturbed sites in the eastern zones of the northern jarrah forest region.

Distribution of Phytophthora cinnamomi in the northern jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata) forest of Western Australia in relation to dieback age and topography

2002 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 107 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. L. McDougall ◽  
G. E. St J. Hardy ◽  
R. J. Hobbs
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Aerial Photography ◽  
Phytophthora Cinnamomi ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Patchy Distribution ◽  
Jarrah Forest ◽  
Eucalyptus Marginata ◽  
Almost All

The spatial distribution of Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands at seven dieback sites in the jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata Donn. ex Smith) forest of Western Australia was determined by the following two baiting techniques: in situ baiting with live Banksia grandis Willd. seedlings and ex situ baiting of sampled soil and root material. Four areas within each site were sampled, reflecting dieback age and position in the landscape. Approximate dieback ages of 50, 20 and 5 years were determined by aerial photography. The 50-year-old age class was divided into wet valley floor and dry gravelly slope. Phytophthora cinnamomi was recovered most frequently from the 5-year-old (dieback fronts) and wet 50-year-old areas by both baiting techniques. It was recovered from more than twice as many areas and about five times as many samples when in situ B. grandis baits were used compared with ex situ soil and root baiting. Almost all recoveries from in situ baits were made between October and December. From both methods, it appears that P. cinnamomi has a patchy distribution within dieback sites in the northern jarrah forest. It is easily detected only on dieback fronts and wet valley floors. On dry gravelly sites affected 20 years or more ago, P. cinnamomi is rare and may even be absent at some sites. This makes confident detection of the pathogen difficult. In situ baiting at least allows a temporal component to the sampling and will be a useful method of detection in areas where P. cinnamomi is rare or transient.

scholarly journals Feeding activity of threatened black cockatoos in mine-site rehabilitation in the jarrah forest of south-western Australia

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Lee ◽  
Hugh Finn ◽  
Michael Calver
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Feeding Activity ◽  
Vegetation Succession ◽  
Jarrah Forest ◽  
Eucalyptus Marginata ◽  
Mine Site ◽  
Rehabilitation Protocols ◽  
Small Scales ◽  
Site Rehabilitation ◽  
Feeding Trace

Land clearing threatens three black cockatoo species (forest red-tailed black cockatoo, (Calyptorhynchus banksii naso), Carnaby’s cockatoo (Calyptorhynchus latirostris), and Baudin’s cockatoo (Calyptorhynchus baudinii) endemic to south-western Australia, so revegetation is important to their recovery. Over three years we studied cockatoo activity in 7–14-year-old mine-site rehabilitation in the region’s jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata)–marri (Corymbia calophylla) forest to give the most detailed description to date of the use of rehabilitation by the birds. Pits varied floristically and structurally (despite similar rehabilitation prescriptions), but interior and exterior plots (100 m2) were similar within pits. Using feeding traces (e.g. chewed husks), and behavioural observations we confirmed feeding within eight years of revegetation. Plots containing feeding trace were similar to plots without, so factors determining black cockatoo feeding may not be apparent at small scales. Returning food resources reflected vegetation succession, with regenerating marri and fast-maturing proteaceous species providing most food. Carnaby’s cockatoo ate Banksia and Hakea seeds and Baudin’s cockatoo and the forest red-tailed black cockatoo consumed marri seeds. Banksia squarrosa, Hakea undulata, H. prostrata and marri were common foods in all years. Revegetation efforts elsewhere should consider these species, within the constraints of rehabilitation protocols addressing multiple aims.

Effect of the fungicide phosphite on pollen fertility of perennial species of the Eucalyptus marginata forest and northern sandplains of Western Australia.

2002 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 769 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Pollen Fertility ◽  
Perennial Species ◽  
The South ◽  
Jarrah Forest ◽  
Eucalyptus Marginata ◽  
South West ◽  
Run Off

The fungicide phosphite was shown to affect pollen fertility in a range of perennial species from the south-west of Western Australia. Phosphite was applied to perennial species of the jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata) forest by spraying to run-off with 2.5, 5 and 10 g L–1 phosphite in either autumn or spring. Pollen fertility of Dryandra sessilis was reduced by phosphite for up to 35 and 60 weeks after spraying in spring or autumn, respectively. Trymalium ledifolium pollen fertility was reduced by phosphite 38 and 61 weeks after spraying in spring or autumn, respectively. Lasiopetalum floribundum was less affected with a reduction in pollen fertility being observed for up to 3 weeks after spraying in spring. Other perennial understorey species of the jarrah forest, Adenanthos barbiger, Boronia cymosa, Hovea elliptica and Phyllanthus calycinus were also shown to have reduced pollen fertility after treatment in autumn or spring, as did Comesperma calymega, Eremaea astrocarpa and Hibbertia hypericoides, species of the northern sandplains when sprayed in summer.

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