Synthetic, Structural and Vibrational Spectroscopic Studies in Bismuth(III) Halide/N,N′-Aromatic Bidentate Base Systems. V Bismuth(III) Halide/N,N′-Bidentate Ligand (1 : 2) Systems

1998 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham A. Bowmaker ◽  
Frances M. M. Hannaway ◽  
Peter C. Junk ◽  
Aaron M. Lee ◽  
Brian W. Skelton ◽  
...  

Syntheses and room-temperature single-crystal X-ray determinations are recorded for a number of adducts of BiX3/N,N′-bidentate 1 : 2 stoichiometry (N,N′-bidentate = 2,2′-bipyridine (bpy) or 1,10-phenanthroline (phen)). BiX3/bpy (1 : 2), X = Br, I, are isomorphous, monoclinic, P21/c, a ≈ 7·5, b ≈ 31, c ≈ 10·3 Å, β ≈ 113°, Z = 4; conventional R on |F| were 0·058, 0·055 for No 1744, 2068 independent ‘observed’ (I > 3σ(I)) reflections. BiCl3/phen (1 : 2) is monoclinic, P21/C, a 9·675(3), b 31·845(7), c 7·756(2) Å, β 109·94(2), Z = 4, R 0·071 for No 2537, while BiBr3/phen (1 : 2), also monoclinic, P21/c, has a 17·590(5), b 8·812(2), c 17·537(7) Å, β 117·58(3)°, Z = 4; R 0·083 for No 890. BiX3/phen (1 : 2).S, X/S = Br/MeCN, I/CH2Cl2, are isomorphous, orthorhombic, Pna21, a ≈ 20·7, b ≈ 14·2, c ≈ 8·9 Å, Z = 4, R 0·060, 0·046 for No 1553, 2423 respectively. All complexes are mononuclear with seven-coordinate (N2)2BiX3 bismuth environments. Bands in the far-infrared spectra due to the v(BiX) vibrations in [(phen)2BiCl3] and [(bpy)2BiX3] (X = Br, I) are assigned and discussed in relation to the structures of the complexes.

1998 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham A. Bowmaker ◽  
Frances M. M. Hannaway ◽  
Peter C. Junk ◽  
Aaron M. Lee ◽  
Brian W. Skelton ◽  
...  

Room-temperature single-crystal X-ray studies are recorded for a number of adducts of BiX3 and N,N′-bidentate ligand (2,2′-bipyridine (bpy) or 1,10-phenanthroline (phen)), devoid of coordinated solvent. BiBr3/bpy/MeCN (1 : 1 : 1) is triclinic P-1, a 12·129(2), b 9·955(4), c 7·748(1) Å, α 73·14(2), β 77·34(1), γ 69·79(2)°, Z = 2; conventional R on |F| was 0·036 for No 2252 independent ‘observed’ (I > 3σ(I)) reflections. The phen analogue is isomorphous, a 11·586(3), b 10·839(6), c 7·769(10) Å, α 73·70(7), β 76·67(7), γ 70·34(4)°, Z = 2, R 0·042 for No 800. BiI3/bpy (1 : 1) is triclinic, P-1, a 11·742(4), b 9·261(1), c 8·261(3) Å, α 86·46(2), β 71·48(3), γ 67·25(2)°, Z = 2, R 0·043 for No 1164. All complexes are centrosymmetric binuclear [(N,N′-bidentate)X2Bi(µ-X)2BiX2(N,N′-bidentate)] with six-coordinate pseudo-octahedral bismuth(III). Attempts to produce a chloride analogue have resulted, in the case of N,N′-bidentate = bpy, in a novel adduct of BiCl3/bpy 1 : 1·5 stoichiometry, monoclinic, P21/c, a 9·377(8), b 17·699(5), c 21·58(1) Å, β 107·82(6)°, Z = 8, R 0·055 for No 1804. The complex is [(bpy)2Cl2Bi(µ-Cl)BiCl3(bpy)], containing seven- and six-coordinate bismuth. Bands in the far-infrared spectra due to the v(BiX) vibrations in [(bpy)2Cl2Bi(µ-Cl)BiCl3(bpy)] and [(bpy)I2Bi(µ-I2)BiI2(bpy)] are assigned and discussed in relation to the structures of the complexes.


1997 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert D. Hart ◽  
Graham A. Bowmaker ◽  
Allan H. White

The syntheses of adducts, [(Ph3Sb)3CuX], X = Br, I, NO3, obtained by crystallization of 1 : 3 CuX/SbPh3 mixtures from appropriate solvents are described, together with their room-temperature single-crystal X-ray structure determinations. The bromide, obtained as a chloroform monosolvate from that solvent, is triclinic, P-1, a 13·861(4), b 14·306(4), c 14·347(4) Å, α 84·40(2), β 86·93(2), γ 75·56(2)°, Z = 2 f.u., conventional R on F being 0·053 for No = 4136 independent ‘observed’ (I > 3σ(I)) reflections; this solvate is isomorphous with its previously recorded chloride counterpart. The iodide is triclinic, P-1, a 14·55(1), b 14·385(2), c 23·626(6) Å, α 91·78(1), β 90·77(4), γ 92·54(5)°; Z= 4, R 0·050 for No 6917, and isomorphous with its phosphorus counterpart. The nitrate, although a methanol sesquisolvate, is also isomorphous with the chloride and bromide, a 13·369(9), b 14·398(3), c 14· 504(12) Å, α 82·29(5), β 84·39(6), γ 75·11(4)°, R 0·052 for No 5672. Cu-X are (2·235(5) (Cl)), 2·366(3) (Br), 2· 556(2) ( 2 ) (I), 1·98(1) Å (ONO2), appreciably shorter than in their previously recorded EPh3, E = P, As counterparts. The far-infrared spectra of [(Ph3Sb)3CuX] showed no clear v(CuX) bands, in contrast to the situation reported previously for the corresponding Ph3P and Ph3As compounds. It is likely that v(CuCl) is masked by a strong band at 270 cm-1 due to the Ph3Sb ligand. However, the region below 250 cm-1 in which the v(CuX) bands are expected for the X = Br, I complexes contains no strong ligand bands. Possible reasons for the absence of v(CuX) bands in these complexes are considered.


1998 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham A. Bowmaker ◽  
Peter C. Junk ◽  
Aaron M. Lee ◽  
Brian W. Skelton ◽  
Allan H. White

Syntheses and single-crystal room-temperature X-ray structure determinations are recorded for a number of adducts obtained by the crystallization of bismuth(III) halides with 2,2′-bipyridine (bpy) or 1,10- phenanthroline (phen) from dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso) solution. [(phen)BiX3(O-dmso)2].dmso, X = Cl, Br, are triclinic, P-1,a ≈ 14·6, b ≈ 9·7, c ≈ 9·5 Å, α ≈ 96, β ≈ 96, γ ≈ 98°, Z = 2; conventional R on | F| were 0·057, 0·037 for No 5775, 4847 independent ‘observed’ (I > 3σ(I)) reflections respectively. The metal atom coordination environments are seven-coordinate pentagonal bipyramidal with axial halides and the two O-dmso ligands cis in the equatorial plane. BiI3/phen/dmso (1 : 1 : 1 ) is orthorhombic, Pmc21, a 12·745(3), b 9·697(3), c 18·335(5) Å, Z = 4, R 0·049 for No 2012. The complex is ionic [(phen)BiI2(O-dmso)3]+[(phen)BiI4]-, the halide atoms being axial in a pentagonal bipyramidal array about the metal in the cation, with a quasi-octahedral coordination environment in the anion. With bpy, by contrast, BiI3/bpy/dmso (1 : 1 : 1) is obtained, orthorhombic, Pnma, a 17·86(2), b 12·87(1), c 8·47(1) Å, Z = 4, R 0·058 for No 1194, a neutral mononuclear complex [(bpy)BiI3(O-dmso)] with a six-coordinate array about the metal, O-dmso trans to an iodine atom. Bands in the far-infrared and Raman spectra due to the vibrations of the O2N2BiX3 cores in [(phen)BiX3(O-dmso)2] (X = Cl, Br) are assigned, and discussed in relation to the structures of the complexes.


1998 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham A. Bowmaker ◽  
Jack M. Harrowfield ◽  
Aaron M. Lee ◽  
Brian W. Skelton ◽  
Allan H. White

Syntheses and room-temperature single-crystal X-ray structure determinations are recorded for the title compounds, [bpyH]+[(bpy)BiX4]-, X = Cl, Br, the chloride being obtained in a second acetonitrile- sesquisolvated form. [bpyH]+[(bpy)BiX4]-, X = Cl, Br, are isomorphous, monoclinic C2/c, a ≈ 15·3, b ≈ 9·6, c ≈ 16·8 Å, β 109°, Z = 4, conventional R on |F| being 0·056, 0·059 for No 1456, 769 independent ‘observed’ (I > 3σ(I)) reflections respectively. [bpyH] [(bpy)BiCl4].1½MeCN is monoclinic, P21/m, a 9·572(2), b 34·521(8) c 8·218(2) Å, β 102·13(2)°, Z = 4, R 0·043 for No 2635. All anionic species are mononuclear, the bismuth being quasi-octahedral. Bands in the far-infrared and Raman spectra due to the vibrations of the N2BiCl4 core in [(bpy)BiCl4]- are assigned, and their relationship to the vibrations of [BiCl6]3- is discussed.


1997 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert D. Hart ◽  
Graham A. Bowmaker ◽  
Eban N. de Silva ◽  
Brian W. Skelton ◽  
Allan H. White

Crystallization of 1 : 2 mixtures of the copper(I) halides CuX, X = Cl, Br, I, with triphenylstibine from acetonitrile yields adducts of 1 : 2 CuX/SbPh3 stoichiometry, confirmed by single-crystal X-ray structure determinations. The three complexes are isomorphous, monoclinic, P 21/c, a ≈ 24·3, b ≈ 14·2, c ≈ 20 Å, β 110°, Z = 4 dimers; conventional R on F were 0·047, 0·044 and 0·045 for No 11247, 4673 and 10418 independent ‘observe’ (I > 3σ(I)) reflections respectively. The complexes, also isomorphous with some related species, e.g. 1 : 2 AgBr,I/AsPh3, are dimers: [(Ph3Sb)2Cu(µ-X)2Cu(SbPh3)2]. The chloride is also recorded as a chloroform disolvate, isomorphous with its arsine analogue, being monoclinic, C 2/c, a 21·486(9), b 17· 925(9), c 19·972(7) Å, β 91·31(3)°, Z = 4 dimers, R 0·057 for No 3756. The far-infrared spectra of [(Ph3Sb)2Cu(µ-X)2Cu(SbPh3)2] (X = Br, I) showed no clear v(CuX) bands, in contrast to the situation reported previously for the corresponding Ph3As compounds. A possible v(CuCl) band is observed in the X = Cl complex at 219 cm-1 , but this occurs in a region where there is also significant absorption in the other two compounds. The absence of strong v(CuX) bands in these complexes is consistent with the situation observed previously for the 3 : 1 compounds [(Ph3Sb)3CuX].


1997 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham A. Bowmaker ◽  
Effendy ◽  
John D. Kildea ◽  
Eban N. de Silva ◽  
Allan H. White

The syntheses and room-temperature single-crystal X-ray structural characterization of binuclear 1 : 2 adducts formed between silver(I) (pseudo-)halides, AgX, and triphenylarsine, AsPh3, for X = Cl, Br, I, SCN (1)–(4), are described. The chloride (1), obtained from 2-methylpyridine, is triclinic, P-1, a 10·410(2), b 12·716(2), c 14·196(6) Å, α 113·38(2), β 109·41(2), γ 75·08(1)°, Z = 1 (dimer); conventional R on F was 0·037 for No 3979 independent ‘observed’ (I > 3σ(I)) reflections. The bromide (2a), obtained from 2,6-dimethylpyridine, and iodide (3), obtained from a mixture of AgI/saturated KI in MeOH solutions, are isomorphous, monoclinic, P 21/c a≈ 24·2, b ≈ 13·9, c ≈ 20·2 Å, β ≈ 109·5°, Z = 4 dimers; R was 0·046 and 0·044 for No 5670 and 6039 respectively. The thiocyanate (4) has a similar cell, a 24·12(1), b 12·558(8), c 23·244(4) Å, β 110·11(3)°, Z = 4 dimers, R being 0·044 for No 7956; one of the thiocyanate ligands (which bridge in Ag-SCN-Ag mode) is disordered. A second polymorph of the bromide (2b) (from a mixture of AgBr/saturated KBr in H2O) is also monoclinic, P 21/c, a 14·121(8), b 25·577(3), c 21·968(2) Å, β 125·54(3)°, Z = 4 dimers (R was 0·047 for No 5715). Ag–As range between 2·568(1) and 2·633(1) Å throughout the series; in the isomorphous bromide and iodide, values increase slightly: 2·578(1)–2·611(1), cf. 2·601(2)-2·633(1) Å respectively. Ag–X are 2·568(2)-2·670(2) (Cl); 2·688(2)–2·715(2) (Br); 2·828(2)–2·856(1) Å (I); Ag-S, N for the ordered SCN group are 2·646(3), 2·255(6) Å. A redetermination of improved precision (R 0·035, No 6030) is reported for the triphenylphosphine/thiocyanate analogue. The far-infrared spectra of [(Ph3As)2Ag(µ-X)2Ag (AsPh3)2] show v(AgX) bands at 185, 145 (X = Cl), 145, 130, 106 (X = Br) and 121 cm-1 (X = I). The splittings and band widths reflect a decrease in the degree of distortion of the Ag(µ-X)2Ag units from a symmetrically bridged structure from X = Cl to I.


1997 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham A. Bowmaker ◽  
Effendy ◽  
Eban N. de Silva ◽  
Allan H. White

Syntheses and room-temperature single-crystal X-ray structural characterization of binuclear 1 : 2 adducts formed between silver(I) halides, AgX (X = Cl, Br, I), and triphenylstibine, SbPh3, are described. The three complexes are isomorphous, being triclinic, P-1, a ≈ 18·5, b ≈ 14·6, c ≈ 14·5 Å, α ≈ 62·5, β ≈ 74, γ ≈ 77°, Z = 2 centrosymmetric dimers. Conventional R on F were 0·043, 0·038 and 0·046 for 4984, 8479 and 4166 independent, ‘observed’ (I > 3σ(I)) reflections respectively. In [(Ph3b)2Ag(µ-X)2Ag(SbPh3)2], Ag–Sb range between 2·702(1) and 2·744(2) Å, lengthening slightly from chloride to iodide; Ag–X are 2·567(5)–2·628(4) (Cl), 2·684(1)–2·737(1) (Br) and 2·826(3)–2·869(3) Å (I). The far-infrared spectra of [(Ph3Sb)2Ag(µ-X)2Ag(SbPh3)2] show v(AgX) bands at 178, 158 (X = Cl), 121 (X = Br) and 110 cm-1 (X = I). The splittings and band widths reflect a decrease in the degree of distortion of the Ag(µ-X)2Ag units from a symmetrically bridged structure from X = Cl to I.


1997 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert D. Hart ◽  
Graham A. Bowmaker ◽  
Eban N. de Silva ◽  
Brian W. Skelton ◽  
Allan H. White

Crystallization of some copper(I) salts, CuX, with triphenylarsine in 1 : 3 stoichiometry from acetonitrile has yielded an array of adducts, [(Ph3As)3CuX], characterized by room-temperature single crystal X-ray structure determinations. [(Ph3As)3CuCl] (1) has been characterized in two unsolvated phases, α and β, the second form previously recorded as monoclinic, P21/n, Z = 8. The ‘α’ phase, like the bromide (2) and iodide (3), adopts the trigonal P3 array, widespread among many [(Ph3E)3MX] adducts with a ≈ 19, c ≈ 11 Å; conventional R on F was 0·037, 0·041, 0·056 for No 3458, 3259, 3434 independent ‘observed’ (I > 3σ(I)) reflections for these three adducts respectively. A further form, γ, is a toluene hemisolvate, monoclinic, P21/c, a 21·490(5), b 10·218(7), c 24·901(6) Å, β 117·53(2)°, Z = 4, R 0·057 for No 7207. The nitrate (4), obtained as a monosolvate from methanol, is monoclinic, P21/n, a 15 ·115(9), b 23·201(9), c 14·170(14) Å, β 92·56(7)°, Z = 4, R 0·049 for No 5476. In all compounds, the copper atom is four-coordinate, E3CuX, the nitrate in (4) being -ONO2 unidentate. The CuX bond lengthsr(CuX) in [(Ph3E)3CuX] (X = Cl, Br, I) show a decrease from the Ph3P to the corre3sponding Ph3As compound, and this is consistent with the observed increase in the v(CuX) wavenumbers in the far-infrared spectra. These trends are both consistent with an increase in the CuX bond strength from the Ph3P to the Ph3As complexes, and possible reasons for this are discussed.


1997 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham A. Bowmaker ◽  
Effendy ◽  
Robert D. Hart ◽  
John D. Kildea ◽  
Brian W. Skelton ◽  
...  

Syntheses and room-temperature single crystal X-ray structure determinations are recorded for adducts [M(EPh3)4] (ClO4), M = Cu, E = As (1), Sb (2); M = Ag, E = As (3), Sb (4), enabling comparison with analogous, previously studied MP4 and MN4 environments. The four complexes so characterized all crystallize in the familiar rhombohedral R-3 array (a ≈ 14·4, c ≈ 52 Å, hexagonal setting) with the metal and chlorine atoms located on crystallographic threefold axes. In these arrays Cu–E (axial, off axis) are 2·493(2), 2·533(1) for (1), and 2·572(1), 2·577(1) Å for (2), the disparity in the two independent M-E distances being diminished relative to those of previously studied phosphorus analogues, perhaps in consequence of increasing E size. In (3) and (4), some cation disorder is evident in respect of the ligand pnictide atom (E); for the major components Ag-E are 2·652(3), 2·680(2) in (3); 2·732(2), 2·7295(8) Å in (4). Problems associated in defining the metal atom environment geometries in the latter are, nevertheless, more satisfactorily overcome in two further determinations of nitrate salts: [Ag(SbPh3)4] (NO3) (5) is of the rhombohedral family with no cation core disorder, Ag–E (axial, off axis) being 2·720(4), 2·725(2) Å, while the structural characterization of a 1 : 4 triphenylarsine adduct of silver nitrate is recorded as its tetraethanol solvate, namely [Ag(AsPh3)4] (NO3).~ 4C2H5OH(6), monoclinic, C2/c, a 18·373(4), b 20·786(5), c 21·070(8) Å, β 108·18(3)°, Z = 4 f.u. The silver atom of the [Ag(AsPh3)4]+cation unusually lies on a crystallographic 2 (rather than a 3 ) axis of the incipiently23 (T) array, with Ag-As 2·649(2), 2·650(2) Å and As-Ag-As ranging from 108·22(4) to 111·41(6)°. The structure determination of a chloroform solvate of (2), denoted (2a), of low precision, is noted, together with the structure of an interesting artefact, isomorphous with the rhombohedral oxoanion array, modelled as [Ag(PPh3)4]2 (SiF6).py (7). Bands in the far-infrared spectra of [M(AsPh3)4] (ClO4) are assigned to v(MAs) vibrations at 119 (M = Cu) and 103 cm¯1 (M = Ag); this produces a more consistent picture of the variation in the wavenumbers of the v(ME) modes in [M(EPh3)4]+ compounds than was available previously.


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