Prediction of the Phase Behaviour of Hydrogen-Bonded Polymer Blends

2006 ◽  
Vol 59 (8) ◽  
pp. 499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael M. Coleman ◽  
Paul C. Painter

In the early 1990s your authors believed that they had essentially solved the problem of predicting the phase behaviour of hydrogen-bonded polymer blends. A text devoted to this subject, Specific Interactions and the Miscibility of Polymer Blends, was published and we thought that it was now time to look around for something else to do. This was before a colleague, Boris Veytsman, pointed out that there was a flaw in our derivation of the free energy of mixing equation. It has taken us some 15 years to correct the theory and match the predictions of the phase behaviour of hydrogen-bonded blends that we presented in our 1991 book. So we have come full circle. The subject has become far more complicated, but at the same time far more interesting. Along the way we have discovered that the phase behaviour of hydrogen-bonded polymer blends can be successfully predicted using equilibrium constants determined from appropriate low molecular weight analogues, if chain connectivity effects such as intermolecular screening and functional group accessibility are included.

Polymer ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 37 (21) ◽  
pp. 4753-4761 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael M. Coleman ◽  
George J. Pehlert ◽  
Xiaoming Yang ◽  
John B. Stallman ◽  
Paul C. Painter

Langmuir ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 240-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chowdhury K. Mamun

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 387-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prem P. Singh ◽  
Buta R. Sharma ◽  
Kuljit S. Sidhu

Heats of mixing and vapour pressures of chloroform (A)+ methanol (Bn) as a function of concentration have been determined at 303.15 K. The excess Gibbs free energy of mixing, GE values, have been obtained from the measured vapour pressure data. The heats of mixing values are negative for solutions rich in methanol but they become positive for solutions rich in chloroform. On the other hand, GE values are positive for all the methanol mole fractions and GE > HE. The results have been analysed in terms of Barker and ideal associated model theory of non-electrolyte solutions. The analysis has revealed that only the ideal associated model approach (which here assumes the presence of AmB (m = 1, 2), ABk (k = 2) and Bl (l = 1) molecular species) well describes the general behaviour of HE with xA over the entire chloroform concentration range for this mixture. The equilibrium constants for the various association reactions along with the enthalpy of formation of the various molecular species have also been calculated.


1998 ◽  
Vol 31 (23) ◽  
pp. 8423-8424 ◽  
Author(s):  
George J. Pehlert ◽  
Paul C. Painter ◽  
Michael M. Coleman

1970 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 30-33
Author(s):  
D Adhikari ◽  
BP Singh ◽  
IS Jha

We have found the equilibrium constants and pairwise interaction energies between the species and the complexes of liquid CuSn, AgAl, FeSi, CdNa and HgNa alloys on the basis of regular associated solution model. These parameters are then used to estimate the free energies of mixing of each alloy. The observed asymmetry in the free energy of mixing of each alloy with respect to concentration is well explained. Key Words: Free energy of mixing; Asymmetry; Binary alloys; Interaction energy. DOI: 10.3126/sw.v8i8.3842 Scientific World Vol.8(8) 2010 pp.30-33


1986 ◽  
Vol 79 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. W. Fischer

As it is well known the Flory-Huggins approach of the thermodynamic description of a mixture of two polymers A and B leads to an expression [1] for the Gibbs free energy of mixing ΔG


Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1726
Author(s):  
Gada Muleta Fanta ◽  
Pawel Jarka ◽  
Urszula Szeluga ◽  
Tomasz Tański ◽  
Jung Yong Kim

We report the phase behavior of amorphous/semicrystalline conjugated polymer blends composed of low bandgap poly[2,6-(4,4-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-4H-cyclopenta [2,1-b;3,4-b′]dithiophene) -alt-4,7(2,1,3-benzothiadiazole)] (PCPDTBT) and poly{(N,N′-bis(2-octyldodecyl)naphthalene -1,4,5,8-bis(dicarboximide)-2,6-diyl)-alt-5,5′-(2,2′-bithiophene)} (P(NDI2OD-T2)). As usual in polymer blends, these two polymers are immiscible because ΔSm ≈ 0 and ΔHm > 0, leading to ΔGm > 0, in which ΔSm, ΔHm, and ΔGm are the entropy, enthalpy, and Gibbs free energy of mixing, respectively. Specifically, the Flory–Huggins interaction parameter (χ) for the PCPDTBT /P(NDI2OD-T2) blend was estimated to be 1.26 at 298.15 K, indicating that the blend was immiscible. When thermally analyzed, the melting and crystallization point depression was observed with increasing PCPDTBT amounts in the blends. In the same vein, the X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns showed that the π-π interactions in P(NDI2OD-T2) lamellae were diminished if PCPDTBT was incorporated into the blends. Finally, the correlation of the solid-liquid phase transition and structural information for the blend system may provide insight for understanding other amorphous/semicrystalline conjugated polymers used as active layers in all-polymer solar cells, although the specific morphology of a film is largely affected by nonequilibrium kinetics.


1997 ◽  
Vol 30 (12) ◽  
pp. 3671-3677 ◽  
Author(s):  
George J. Pehlert ◽  
Paul C. Painter ◽  
Boris Veytsman ◽  
Michael M. Coleman

1996 ◽  
Vol 29 (21) ◽  
pp. 6820-6831 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael M. Coleman ◽  
George J. Pehlert ◽  
Paul C. Painter

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document