Toxicological investigations on Astragalus hamosus and Astragalus sesameus

Astragalus hamosus L. and Astragalus sesameus L. were examined for the presence and type of aliphatic nitro compounds and for their toxicity to 1 -week-old chicks. A. hamosus leaves assayed 10 to 11 mg of NO2 g-1 in compounds that yielded 3-nitropropionic acid upon hydrolysis. Water extracts of A. hamosus leaves were toxic to chicks at the equivalent of 3 g of dried plant per chick, and lethal at 6 to 8 g. A. sesameus did not contain nitro compounds and was non-toxic to chicks.

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METABOLISM OF ALIPHATIC NITRO COMPOUNDS IN BOVINE RUMEN FLUID

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas80-041 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 60 (2) ◽

pp. 319-325 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

W. MAJAK ◽

L. J. CLARK

Keyword(s):

Nitro Compound ◽

Clearance Rate ◽

Rumen Fluid ◽

Nitro Compounds ◽

Aliphatic Nitro Compounds ◽

Bovine Rumen ◽

Nitropropionic Acid ◽

3 Nitropropionic Acid

Metabolic studies with rumen fluid were conducted to determine rates of disappearance for 3-nitropropanol (3NPOH) and 3-nitropropionic acid (NPA), forage constituents which can be toxic to ruminants and non-ruminants. The in vitro rate of disappearance for NPA was substantially greater (P < 0.01) than for 3NPOH. The nitro compounds were metabolized most effectively when the inoculum originated from cattle fed orchardgrass soilage as compared with orchardgrass hay, alfalfa soilage or alfalfa hay. The in vivo ruminai clearance rate was substantially greater (P < 0.05) for 3NPHO than for 2-nitropropanol, a nitro compound which was not metabolized in vitro and this would be predicted if metabolism in the rumen contributed to the rate of 3NPOH disappearance.

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3-Nitropropionic acid and 3-nitro-1-propanol in species of Astragalus

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b82-244 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 60 (10) ◽

pp. 1956-1963 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

M. C. Williams

Keyword(s):

North American ◽

Nitro Compounds ◽

International Exchange ◽

South American ◽

South American Species ◽

Old World ◽

Nitropropionic Acid ◽

Layer Chromatography ◽

3 Nitropropionic Acid

Leaves of nitro-bearing species of Astragalus collected from North American and European herbaria were analyzed for types of toxic aliphatic nitro compounds. The nitro compounds were extracted and hydrolized to 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NPA) or 3-nitro-1-propanol (3-NPOH) and identified by thin-layer chromatography. Species of Astragalus were chemotaxonomically related within taxonomic sections relative to synthesis of 3-NPA or 3-NPOH. All species of Astragalus in 19 Old World and 21 North American taxonomic sections synthesized nitro compounds that yielded 3-NPA upon hydrolysis while 3-NPOH was found upon hydrolysis in species of 5 Old World and 10 North American taxonomic sections. Therefore, one could predict the presence of 3-NPA or 3-NPOH in species within entire taxonomic sections based on the analysis of one or two species within a section. South American species yielded predominately 3-NPOH. These data are useful for taxonomic classification of Astragalus, for preventing international exchange of germplasm of poisonous species of Astragalus, and for diagnostic purposes in livestock poisoning.

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Nitro Compounds in Foreign Species ofAstragalus

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500061932 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 29 (3) ◽

pp. 261-269 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

M. C. Williams

Keyword(s):

Single Species ◽

Nitro Compounds ◽

South American ◽

South American Species ◽

World Species ◽

Old World ◽

Aliphatic Nitro Compounds ◽

Nitropropionic Acid ◽

Foreign Species ◽

Cattle And Sheep

Leaflets of 1690 species of Old World and South AmericanAstragaluscollected from herbaria at Kew, England; Edinburgh, Scotland; Munich, Germany; and Vienna, Austria were analyzed qualitatively for toxic aliphatic nitro compounds. The catabolites of nitro compounds found in species ofAstragalus(nitro-bearing), 3-nitro-1-propanol and 3-nitropropionic acid, are especially toxic to cattle and sheep. A total of 190 of 1624 (12%) Old World species, 30 of66(45%) South American species, and a single species of oneAstragalussubgenus were positive for nitro compounds. Most Old World species that contained aliphatic nitro compounds were collected in the Middle East and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. Nitro compounds were detected in specimens of eight species collected between 1822 and 1836. The nitro-bearing species were chemotaxonomically related and grouped within taxonomic sections. The presence of two or three nitro-bearing species within a section indicated that other species within the same section might also be nitro-bearing.

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1H, 13C and 15N NMR Spectra of Coupling Products of Benzenediazonium Salts with Aliphatic Nitro Compounds and Study of Their E/Z Isomerism

Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications ◽

10.1135/cccc19960589 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 61 (4) ◽

pp. 589-596 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Antonín Lyčka

Keyword(s):

Dimethyl Sulfoxide ◽

Nmr Spectra ◽

Chemical Shifts ◽

Nitro Compounds ◽

Coupling Constants ◽

15N Nmr ◽

Geometrical Isomers ◽

Sodium Salts ◽

Aliphatic Nitro Compounds ◽

Tautomeric Forms

The 1H, 13C and 15N NMR spectra have been measured of coupling products of benzenediazonium salts with nitromethane, nitroethane, 1-nitropropane, 2-nitroethanol and of their sodium salts, and the chemical shifts have been unambiguously assigned. The coupling products have been found to exist only in their hydrazone tautomeric forms. Stereospecific behaviour of the coupling constants 2J(15N,1H) and 2J(15N,13C) in the 15N isotopomers and NOESY have been used to differentiate between the E and Z geometrical isomers. The above-mentioned compounds exist as Z isomers in deuteriochloroform and predominantly (>95%) as E isomers in dimethyl sulfoxide, while the sodium salts are present only as E isomers in dimethyl sulfoxide.

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