Effect of parent material, natural available soil boron, and applied boron and lime on the growth and chemical composition of lucerne on some acidic soils of the Central Tablelands of New South Wales

1982 ◽  
Vol 22 (117) ◽  
pp. 317 ◽  
Author(s):  
KS Haddad ◽  
CJ Kaldor
Keyword(s):  
Boron Content ◽  
Boron Concentration ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Boron Deficiency ◽  
Alluvial Soils ◽  
Acidic Soils ◽  
South Wales

Fifteen acidic soils (0-1 5 cm), three from each of the five main parent materials in the Central Tablelands of New South Wales, were collected for a glasshouse experiment. The hot water soluble boron content of these soils and some other related soil properties were measured. Boron at nil and 1.5 �g/g air-dried soil and lime at nil and 670 �g/g air-dried soil in a factorial combination were applied to the soils. The effects of the treatments on the performance of lucerne (Medicago sativa cv. Hunter River) grown on these soils were studied. Boron application tended to increase the production of lucerne dry matter on sandstone, shale and slate, and granitic soils, but not on basaltic or alluvial soils. Also, it increased the boron concentration in the leaves of lucerne grown in all soils and consequently, reduced the calcium to boron ratio. The boron levels that produced 90% of the maximum yield and below which boron deficiency symptoms were manifested by the plants, were 0.34 �g/g in air-dried soil and 25 �g/g in oven-dried leaves. There was a linear correlation (r = 0.98) between the hot water soluble boron content of the untreated soils and the boron concentration in the leaves. The hot water soluble boron content of the soils derived from sandstone, shale and slate, and granite was much lower than the basaltic or alluvial soils and were nearly equal to or below the determined critical level. Although liming had the tendency to induce the symptoms of boron deficiency, the effect of lime was greater than boron in increasing the yield. The role of lime in eliminating the problems of these acidic soils and hence promoting the yield of lucerne is discussed.

Boron supplying power, boron adsorption capacity and productivity of some acidic soils from the Central Tablelands of New South Wales

1983 ◽  
Vol 23 (121) ◽  
pp. 120
Author(s):  
KS Haddad ◽  
CJ Kaldor
Keyword(s):  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Boron Uptake ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Boron Adsorption

The reliability of the hot-water soluble boron (HWSB) content of a soil as a measure of total boron available to plants during intensive cropping, and its relationship with the boron-supplying power (BSP) of the soil, as affected by the soil's parent material, was studied in a glasshouse trial. Fifteen surface soils (0- 15 cm) from six parent materials from the Central Tablelands of New South Wales were used. In each pot of soil, three crops were planted in succession: sunflower (Helianthus annuus cv. Hysun 3 I), subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum cv. Woogenellup), and maize (Zea mays cv. XL45). Lime and borax were applied in a 2x2 factorial combination. Crop responses to these applications, their relationship with soil BSP and HWSB content, and soil boron adsorption capacity (BAC) when borax was added were also investigated. In soils not treated with borax or lime, the following were significantly correlated (r > 0.51): crop yield, crop uptake of boron, HWSB content before cropping, and BSP. However, BSP was not correlated with the amount of HWSB lost from the soil during cropping. In sandstone, granitic and quartz-rich fine sedimentary soils, the amount of boron taken up by the crops was not significantly different from the amount of HWSB removed from the soil. Therefore, their BSP (0, 74 and 145 g B/ha respectively) was not significantly greater than zero and thus their HWSB content simply and reliably measures their boron status. From crop responses in granitic and quartz-rich fine sedimentary soils (HWSB content 0.26 and 0.30 �g B/g of air dried soil, respectively) it was shown that these soils require boron supplementation whenever their HWSB content is less than about 0.34 �g B/g air dried soil, particularly if they are cropped intensively or heavily limed. The BSP of tuff, basaltic and alluvial soils (388, 407 and 620 g B/ha) was significantly greater than zero. Therefore, these soils have boron reserves not measured by the HWSB method and their HWSB content does not reliably measure boron available for crops. All soils adsorbed boron when borax was applied. The BAC did not differ significantly between the six soil types. The overall effect of lime was to significantly increase dry matter yield. Boron uptake by the crops, and soil BSP and BAC were not significantly affected by liming.

Potassium adsorption characteristics and potassium forms in some New South Wales soils in relation to early senescence in cotton

Soil Research ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 42 (7) ◽  
pp. 747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sevag Bedrossian ◽  
Balwant Singh
Keyword(s):  
Soil Depth ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Clay Fraction ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Premature Senescence ◽  
Exchangeable K ◽  
Adsorption Characteristics ◽  
Surface Samples ◽  
South Wales

The occurrence of premature senescence (PS) in cotton in Australia has been related to decreased potassium (K) concentration in the affected plants. Soil samples (0–120 cm) were taken from paired cotton fields, i.e. PS fields and similar soils not affected by PS (Non-PS fields), in northern New South Wales. The samples were analysed for different forms of K in soil, mineralogy of various size fractions, and K adsorption characteristics to evaluate differences in their K availability. Smectite was the dominant clay mineral in the studied soils. The K-bearing mineral illite was present in the clay fraction of all samples and its content was generally higher in soils from the Non-PS sites than the PS sites from Moree, Pilliga, and Warren. Water-soluble K (H2O-K) ranged from 0.03 to 2.64 mg/kg (median 0.35 mg/kg), exchangeable K (Exch-K) from 43 to 687 mg/kg (median 107 mg/kg), non-exchangeable K (Nonexch-K) from 164 to 1981 mg/kg (median 819 mg/kg), and total K (Total-K) from 16 811 to 23 207 mg/kg (median 14 740 mg/kg). The values of various K forms were generally higher in samples from the Non-PS fields than the PS fields from Pilliga and Warren sites and the reverse trend occurred for the samples from Trangie. Similar H2O-K and Exch-K values were found for the PS and Non-PS samples from Moree, whereas Nonexch-K and Total-K contents were higher in the top 60 cm soil depth from the Non-PS field than the PS field. The equilibrium activity ratio (ARKe) values were significantly higher for surface samples from the Non-PS sites than the PS sites from Pilliga and Warren and the reverse was true for the Trangie site. There was a sharp decrease in ARKe with depth for the studied samples. The potential buffering capacity (PBCK) for both surface and subsurface samples from the Non-PS site (mean 31.5 (mmol/kg)/(mol/L)1/2) from Trangie was substantially higher than the corresponding samples from the PS sites (mean 14.7 (mmol/kg)/(mol/L)1/2). There was a significant increase in K adsorption for the subsurface samples than the surface samples for all sites, as indicated by the higher values of Freundlich adsorption coefficient, k. At the Pilliga and Warren sites, the occurrence of premature senescence in cotton plants can be explained on the basis of differences in the levels of different forms of K, mineralogy, and K adsorption characteristics of soils from the PS and Non-PS fields. At the Moree site, higher illite content in the Non-PS than the PS soil may explain the difference in their K availability. For the paired Trangie samples, greater PBCK of the Non-PS soil than the PS soil may be responsible for increased K availability in the Non-PS soil. The occurrence of PS symptoms in cotton at Narrabri site cannot be directly contributed to K supplying parameters analysed in the study. The results also show that Exch-K alone may not be adequate to measure K availability to cotton in these soils.

Soil properties in relation to the sulphur and phosphorus status of some basaltic soils

Soil Research ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 115 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Spencer
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
Phosphorus Deficiency ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Alluvial Soils ◽  
Weak Correlation ◽  
Sulphur Deficiency ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Phosphorus Status ◽  
Basaltic Soils

Twenty-three basaltic soils from elevated areas in northern New South Wales were examined for sulphur and phosphorus status by growing Phalaris tuberosa L. in pots in a glasshouse. Sulphur deficiency was more common and more severe than was phosphorus deficiency. To determine whether there may be some topographic control of sulphur or phosphorus status, soil colour was examined, as in general the reddest soils were found in the highest positions in the landscape. The soils were first considered as one group and then as subgroups of sedentary, colluvial, and alluvial soils. Using redness to rank the soils, there was no overall relationship to sulphur or phosphorus status. However, colour of the sedentary soils was significantly correlated with sulphur status (r = 0.92***), the reddest soils being the most deficient. The sulphur status of the brown colluvial and greyish brown alluvial soils showed no relationship to colour; they were uniformly severely deficient. Phosphorus deficiency was not associated with soil colour. Neither soil pH nor redox potential was related to the sulphur and phosphorus status of the soils. There was only a weak correlation (r = 0.60**) between the water-soluble sulphur content of all soils, but a stronger correlation (r = 0.81**) when only the sedentary soils were considered. Several soil phosphorus fractions could be satisfactorily used to distinguish between phosphorus-deficient and phosphorus-sufficient soils.

scholarly journals Boron contents and solubility in Australian fly ashes and its uptake by canola (Brassica napus L.) from the ash-amended soils

Soil Research ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 480 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Manoharan ◽  
I. A. M. Yunusa ◽  
P. Loganathan ◽  
R. Lawrie ◽  
B. R. Murray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Boron Concentration ◽  
Coal Fly Ash ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Acidic Soils ◽  
Fly Ashes ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Pot Trials ◽  
B Uptake

Phytotoxicity due to excessive boron (B) uptake by plants impedes routine agronomic utilisation of coal fly ash. We assessed 11 fly ashes (pH 3.14–10.77) having total B content (Bt) of 12–136 mg/kg, of which 20–30% was hot water soluble (Bs) in the acidic ashes (pH <5) and 5–10% in the alkaline ashes, for their potential to supply B to plants and their risk associated with phytotoxicity. We found the Bs/Bt to be negatively correlated (R2 = 0.63**, N = 11) with ash pH. We conducted two pot trials in which canola was grown in soils amended with fly ash. In the first trial, an alkaline fly ash (Bt 66 mg/kg) was incorporated at 5 rates of up to 625 Mg/ha into the top 50 mm of 2 acidic soils in 0.30-m-long intact cores, and sown with canola. Boron concentration in leaves at flowering reached the phytotoxic threshold, and both plant growth and seed yield were reduced, only at 625 Mg/ha. In the second trial, 4 fly ashes (pH 3.29–10.77, Bt 12–127 mg/kg) were incorporated at 4 rates of up to 108 Mg/ha into the top 0.10 m of 2 acidic soils in 1.0-m-long intact cores and then sown with canola. Ashes with highest Bt, when applied at 108 Mg/ha, increased B concentration in the topsoil only. Of the 2 ashes with the highest Bt, only that which produced low soil pH and applied at 108 Mg/ha increased B concentration in the shoot, but was still below phytotoxic threshold. The results suggest that B derived from these ashes may not cause phytotoxicity and excessive soil B accumulation if the ashes are applied at modest rates (<36 Mg/ha) to the topsoil layers.

Aluminium tolerance and lime increase wheat yield on the acidic soils of central and southern New South Wales

2001 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 523 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Scott ◽  
J. A. Fisher ◽  
B. R. Cullis
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Aluminium Tolerance ◽  
Wagga Wagga ◽  
Al Tolerance ◽  
Acidic Soils ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Lime Application ◽  
Yield Depression

Acidic soils constrain wheat yield in some parts of central and southern New South Wales. This paper describes research designed to evaluate the usefulness of aluminium (Al) tolerance, manganese (Mn) tolerance and the interaction of lime use and Al tolerance in improving wheat yields. Closely related pairs of wheat lines with tolerance and sensitivity of Al and Mn were bred. Carazinho (a Brazilian wheat cultivar) was used as a source of Al tolerance in a backcrossing, recurrent selection program to introduce tolerance into an Egret background (a locally adapted Australian cultivar). Aluminium tolerance was determined using the haematoxylin root tip test and Mn tolerance was determined using a subirrigated gravel bed system. Eight pairs divergent in tolerance of Al were evaluated for their yield on 3 acidic soil types in 5 field experiments. Grain yield increased in Egret-derived lines when Al tolerance from Carazinho was introduced. Yield from the Al-sensitive genotypes (averaged over the 8 pairs) compared with the Al-tolerant genotypes was 0.43 to 0.98 t/ha and 0.88 to 1.38 t/ha respectively on an acid earthy sand in central western New South Wales (Binnaway) in 2 seasons, and 1.08 to 1.96 t/ha and 1.29 to 1.88 t/ha on an acid podsolic soil in southern New South Wales (Borambola). On a moderately acidic red earth site (pH Ca 4.8) at Wagga Wagga, no such advantage accrued to the Al-tolerant group with the average yield for the sensitive and tolerant pairs being 5.00 and 4.78 t/ha, respectively. Manganese tolerance was assessed in only 1 of these experiments (Borambola) using 6 pairs of lines tolerant of Al but with contrasting Mn tolerance. No advantage of Mn tolerance was apparent at this site. At Binnaway the tolerant and sensitive lines responded to lime application with the tolerant lines yielding on average about 0.42 t/ha of grain more than the sensitive lines even when 5 t/ha of lime was applied. At Borambola the tolerant lines yielded 0.59 t/ha of grain more than the sensitive lines when no lime was applied. With lime application this difference in performance disappeared and Al-tolerant and sensitive lines yielded equally. At the Wagga Wagga site, the addition of lime did not affect the yield of the sensitive lines, while the tolerant lines showed a yield depression of 0.32 t/ha of grain with lime application. Three different relationships between lime application and Al tolerance were observed. While 2 relationships fit with our previous understanding, grain yield depression resulting from the combined use of Al tolerance and lime at our least acidic site remains poorly understood.

Radiotherapy utilization in New South Wales from 1996 to 1998: Comment

2000 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 483-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
JH Kearsley
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
South Wales

Plants of New South Wales

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Von Mueller
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
South Wales

Notes and Sketches of New South Wales

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louisa Anne Meredith
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
South Wales

The History of New South Wales

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roderick Flanagan
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
South Wales ◽  
History Of
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