scholarly journals Boron contents and solubility in Australian fly ashes and its uptake by canola (Brassica napus L.) from the ash-amended soils

Soil Research ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 480 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Manoharan ◽  
I. A. M. Yunusa ◽  
P. Loganathan ◽  
R. Lawrie ◽  
B. R. Murray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Boron Concentration ◽  
Coal Fly Ash ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Acidic Soils ◽  
Fly Ashes ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Pot Trials ◽  
B Uptake

Phytotoxicity due to excessive boron (B) uptake by plants impedes routine agronomic utilisation of coal fly ash. We assessed 11 fly ashes (pH 3.14–10.77) having total B content (Bt) of 12–136 mg/kg, of which 20–30% was hot water soluble (Bs) in the acidic ashes (pH <5) and 5–10% in the alkaline ashes, for their potential to supply B to plants and their risk associated with phytotoxicity. We found the Bs/Bt to be negatively correlated (R2 = 0.63**, N = 11) with ash pH. We conducted two pot trials in which canola was grown in soils amended with fly ash. In the first trial, an alkaline fly ash (Bt 66 mg/kg) was incorporated at 5 rates of up to 625 Mg/ha into the top 50 mm of 2 acidic soils in 0.30-m-long intact cores, and sown with canola. Boron concentration in leaves at flowering reached the phytotoxic threshold, and both plant growth and seed yield were reduced, only at 625 Mg/ha. In the second trial, 4 fly ashes (pH 3.29–10.77, Bt 12–127 mg/kg) were incorporated at 4 rates of up to 108 Mg/ha into the top 0.10 m of 2 acidic soils in 1.0-m-long intact cores and then sown with canola. Ashes with highest Bt, when applied at 108 Mg/ha, increased B concentration in the topsoil only. Of the 2 ashes with the highest Bt, only that which produced low soil pH and applied at 108 Mg/ha increased B concentration in the shoot, but was still below phytotoxic threshold. The results suggest that B derived from these ashes may not cause phytotoxicity and excessive soil B accumulation if the ashes are applied at modest rates (<36 Mg/ha) to the topsoil layers.

Effect of parent material, natural available soil boron, and applied boron and lime on the growth and chemical composition of lucerne on some acidic soils of the Central Tablelands of New South Wales

1982 ◽  
Vol 22 (117) ◽  
pp. 317 ◽  
Author(s):  
KS Haddad ◽  
CJ Kaldor
Keyword(s):  
Boron Content ◽  
Boron Concentration ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Boron Deficiency ◽  
Alluvial Soils ◽  
Acidic Soils ◽  
South Wales

Fifteen acidic soils (0-1 5 cm), three from each of the five main parent materials in the Central Tablelands of New South Wales, were collected for a glasshouse experiment. The hot water soluble boron content of these soils and some other related soil properties were measured. Boron at nil and 1.5 �g/g air-dried soil and lime at nil and 670 �g/g air-dried soil in a factorial combination were applied to the soils. The effects of the treatments on the performance of lucerne (Medicago sativa cv. Hunter River) grown on these soils were studied. Boron application tended to increase the production of lucerne dry matter on sandstone, shale and slate, and granitic soils, but not on basaltic or alluvial soils. Also, it increased the boron concentration in the leaves of lucerne grown in all soils and consequently, reduced the calcium to boron ratio. The boron levels that produced 90% of the maximum yield and below which boron deficiency symptoms were manifested by the plants, were 0.34 �g/g in air-dried soil and 25 �g/g in oven-dried leaves. There was a linear correlation (r = 0.98) between the hot water soluble boron content of the untreated soils and the boron concentration in the leaves. The hot water soluble boron content of the soils derived from sandstone, shale and slate, and granite was much lower than the basaltic or alluvial soils and were nearly equal to or below the determined critical level. Although liming had the tendency to induce the symptoms of boron deficiency, the effect of lime was greater than boron in increasing the yield. The role of lime in eliminating the problems of these acidic soils and hence promoting the yield of lucerne is discussed.

scholarly journals Distinction of strontium isotope ratios between water-soluble and bulk coal fly ash from the United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 222 ◽  
pp. 103464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen Wang ◽  
Rachel M. Coyte ◽  
Gary S. Dwyer ◽  
Laura S. Ruhl ◽  
Heileen Hsu-Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Coal Fly Ash ◽  
Isotope Ratios ◽  
The United States ◽  
Strontium Isotope ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Strontium Isotope Ratios

Coal Fly Ash and Lime Stabilized Biosolids as an Ameliorant for Boron Deficient Acidic Soils

1999 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 645-649 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. Jiang ◽  
C. G. Yang ◽  
D. C. Su ◽  
J.W. C. Wong
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Coal Fly Ash ◽  
Acidic Soils

Characterization of North American Lignite Fly Ashes II. XRD Mineralogy

1987 ◽  
Vol 113 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. McCarthy ◽  
D. M. Johansen ◽  
A. Thedchanamoorthy ◽  
S. J. Steinwand ◽  
K. D. Swanson
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Bituminous Coal ◽  
Coal Fly Ash ◽  
Fly Ashes ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Mining Areas ◽  
Lignite Fly Ash ◽  
Coal Fly Ashes ◽  
Ferrite Spinel

ABSTRACTX-ray powder diffraction has been used to determine the crystalline phase mineralogy in samples of fly ash from each of the lignite mining areas of North America. The characteristic phases of North Dakota lignite fly ashes were periclase, lime, merwinite and the sulfate phases anhydrite, thenardite and a sodalite-structure phase. Mullite was absent in these low-Al2O3 ashes. Montana lignite ash mineralogy had characteristics of ND lignite and MT subbituminous coal fly ashes; mullite and C3A were present and the alkali sulfates were absent. Texas and Louisiana lignite fly ashes had the characteristic mineralogy of bituminous coal fly ash: quartz, mullite, ferrite-spinel (magnetite) and minor hematite. Even though their analytical CaO contents were 7–14%, all but one lacked crystalline CaO-containing phases. Lignite fly ashes from Saskatchewan were generally the least crystalline of those studied and had a mineralogy consisting of quartz, mullite, ferrite spinel and periclase. Quantitative XRD data were obtained. The position of the diffuse scattering maximum in the x-ray diffractograms was indicative of the glass composition of the lignite fly ash.

Sources of Self-Hardening Properties in Fly Ashes

1986 ◽  
Vol 86 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Joshi ◽  
D. T. Lam
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Thermal Analyses ◽  
Electron Microscopic Examination ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
The Self ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Fly Ashes ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Physical Tests ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Laboratory investigations of the self-hardening properties of selected subbituminous fly ashes have been conducted. Chemical analyses of the fly ashes are given in Table I. The self-hardening value of the fly ashes was determined by conducting unconfined compressive strength tests on compacted samples of the moistened ashes. Various physical and chemical tests were performed to identify the reaction products, if any, of the hardened compacted fly ash paste, and to delineate the source of self-hardening properties. Results from x-ray diffraction analyses, scanning electron microscopic examination and differential thermal analyses indicated that the hydration products include calcium silicate and aluminate hydrates, and ettringite. Chemical and physical tests conducted to evaluate pertinent fly ash properties included chemical analysis, water soluble fraction, dilute hydrochloric and hydrofluoric acid soluble fractions, heat of solution on dissolving in dilute hydrochloric acid, specific surface area, and electrical conductivity tests.

Determination the influence of liming with oilshale ashes to the changes of water extractable plant nutrients in acidic soils

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihkel Ilves ◽  
Tiina Köster ◽  
Kadri Krebstein ◽  
Tõnu Tõnutare
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Plant Nutrients ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Acidic Soils ◽  
Agricultural Plant ◽  
Nutrient Gradient ◽  
Liming Material

&lt;p&gt;The acidification process influences mostly soils used agriculturally. It causes yield decrease and loss of plant nutrients from soil via leaching and also rise in concentration of undesibrable, harmful for plant roots ions ( Al&lt;sup&gt;3+&lt;/sup&gt;) in soil solution.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;To overcome the negative effects of acidification to agricultural plant production, liming of agriculturally managed soils is widely in use. 40% of agriculturally used lands in Estonia needs periodic liming and approximately 130 000 tons of liming material will be needed for neutralizing acidic soils every year.&amp;#160; Typically different naturally occouring carbonatic materials , as limestone and dolomite, is used for this purpose.&amp;#160; In Estonia more than 9 million tons of ash has been produced as waste byproduct in Estonian power plants every year. Only 1,9% of this byproduct has been reused in building materials industry and agriculture. The amounts of oilshale ash used as liming material by farmers is increasing from year to year. &amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The oilshale fly ash is higly alkaline material with high content of Ca (20 &amp;#8211; 33% ), K ( 2,6 &amp;#8211; 10%), Mg (2 &amp;#8211; 4%) and several microlelement (Zn, Cu, Mo, Mn). Due to modernization of powerplants the new burning technology (CFB) was introduced. Therefore the the fly ash with new chemical and physical properties appeared on the market of liming agents for farmers.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The aim of the research was to investigate the change of water soluble plant nutrient&amp;#160; (P, K, Mg, Ca) content in acidic soils as a result of liming with oilshale fly ash.&amp;#160; Experiment was conducted as a pot experiment&amp;#160; with five different soils and three fly ashes and two types of granulated ashes and powdered limestone.&amp;#160; The influence of soil organic carbon, soil acidity, texture, to the water soluble &amp;#160;nutrient gradient in soil was investigated.&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The differences between oilshale ashes to the changes in nutrient gradient was found. The Nutrient gradient depends from oilshale ash as well from soil properties. &amp;#160;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Low phosphorus availability increases shoot boron concentration in canola and potato but not in wheat

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 564-570
Author(s):  
Yanliang Wang ◽  
Nicholas Clarke ◽  
Anne Falk Øgaard
Keyword(s):  
Boron Concentration ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Low Phosphorus ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
B Uptake

A large proportion of global agricultural soils contain suboptimal available phosphorus (P) for the growth of many plant species. Boron (B) plays important roles in plant growth and development, but limited research has been conducted to study B uptake under low P availability. This study comprised a hydroponic and a mini-rhizobox experiment with canola (Brassica napus L.), potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under P sufficient and deficient conditions. Boron concentrations, rhizosphere soil pH, and gene expression of BnBOR1 in canola were determined. Shoot B concentrations were found significantly increased (11–149%) by low P availability in potato and canola but not in wheat. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) indicated that BnBOR1;2a, BnBOR1;2c, and BnBOR1;3c were up-regulated after seven days of low P treatment in canola roots. Our results indicate that plant shoot B concentration was dramatically influenced by P availability, and dicots and monocots showed a contrasting B concentration response to low P availability.

Adsorption Isotherms and 13C Solid-state NMR Study of Hazardous Organic Compounds Sorbed on Coal Fly Ash

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel A. Netzel ◽  
Francis P. Miknis
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Coal Fly Ash ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Fly Ashes ◽  
Coal Fly Ashes ◽  
Hazardous Organic Compounds ◽  
Solvent Molecules ◽  
Commercial Applications ◽  
Hematite Fe2o3

Fly ash is a by-product from the combustion of coal. The 1985 annual US production was estimated to be about 1 x 108 metric tons. The utilization of fly ash during the 1980s remained stable at about 25% per year. Because of its pozzolanic properties, nearly 50% of the utilized fly ash is consumed in the production of cement and concrete. The vast quantity of fly ash that is not being used and its availability throughout the country and worldwide have motivated research for new uses in commerce and industry. Little is known of the organic adsorbent properties of fly ash. However, if they are found to be favorable, the potential commercial applications of the adsorptive characteristics of fly ash could include its use as an adsorbent sandwich for organics in combination with landfill or other dump-site liners, in traps for organics in waste waters, in filters for organics in process air streams, and as a stabilizer for organic wastes in drums. Variables that may affect the adsorbability of the fly ash towards organics in water include temperature; solution pH; and interactions between solute molecules and fly ash, and between solvent molecules and fly ash. Thus, there is an essential need to characterize each coal fly ash type to enable potential correlation between coal fly ash structural properties and the effectiveness of the adsorption characteristics of coal fly ash for immobilizing organic hazardous waste compounds. The composition and properties of pulverized fly ash depend on the type of coal burned and the nature of the combustion process. Thus, fly ashes from different origins may have significantly different sorption properties towards organic compounds of environmental interest. Eastern and western coal fly ashes differ significantly in their physical and chemical properties. The major minerals found in coal fly ash are α-quartz (SiO2), mullite (3A12O3 ·2SiO2), hematite (Fe2O3), magnetite (Fe3O4), lime (CaO), and gypsum (CaSO4·2H2O). Little is known of the coordination state and distribution of siliceous and aluminous material in coal fly ashes. Most siliceous and aluminous materials in fly ash are amorphous and thus are not detected or quantified by X-ray techniques.

scholarly journals Wood ashes from electrostatic filter as a replacement for the fly ashes in concrete

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr-Robert Lazik ◽  
◽  
Harald Garrecht ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Coal Fly Ash ◽  
Wood Ash ◽  
Fly Ashes ◽  
Normal Concrete ◽  
Cement Production ◽  
Fly Ash Concrete ◽  
Electrostatic Filter ◽  
Laboratory Investigations

Many concrete technologists are looking for a solution to replace Fly Ashes that would be unavailable in a few years as an element that occurs as a major component of many types of concrete. The importance of such component is clear - it saves cement and reduces the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere that occurs during cement production. Wood Ashes from electrostatic filter can be used as a valuable substitute in concrete. The laboratory investigations showed that the wood ash concrete had a compressive strength comparable to coal fly ash concrete. These results indicate that wood ash can be used to manufacture normal concrete.

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