Short-term response in solids-not-fat to grain fed in addition to molasses for dairy cows grazing tropical pastures

1991 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 191 ◽  
Author(s):  
BP McLachlan ◽  
WN Orr ◽  
BA Silver
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Tropical Pastures ◽  
Additional Energy ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Term Response ◽  
Tropical Grass ◽  
Daily Milk ◽  
Friesian Cows

Holstein-Friesian cows in mid to late lactation grazed tropical grass-legume pastures with no supplement (C); 2.7 kg DM molasses/cow.day (M); or 2.6 kg DM molasses + 2.5 kg DM grain/cow.day (MG). Daily milk yields over the 8 week experimental period were 10.4, 11.2 and 12.9 kg/cow for C, M and MG. The MG supplementation increased solids-not-fat (SNF), protein and lactose percentages in milk, with average SNF values of 8.02, 8.10 and 8.24% (P<0.05), and lactose values 4.46,4.50 and 4.58% (P<0.057), for weeks 5-8; and average protein values for weeks 1-8 of 2.96, 3.02 and 3.10% (P<0.05) for C, M and MG, respectively. Molasses alone did not substantially increase the protein and lactose content of milk, but additional energy in the form of maize increased these values. If SNF percentages in milk were low, maize plus molasses feeding did not improve the quality to the legal minimum of 8.5% in 8 weeks.

Effect of level of meat-and-bone meal and pasture type on milk yield and composition of cows grazing tropical pastures

1990 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 451
Author(s):  
TM Davison ◽  
WD Jarrett ◽  
R Clark
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Confidence Level ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Meat And Bone Meal ◽  
Bone Meal ◽  
Tropical Pastures ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Tropical Grass ◽  
Friesian Cows

An experiment was conducted with Holstein-Friesian cows to determine the effect on milk yield and composition of feeding different amounts of meat-and-bone meal (MBM). Thirty-two cows grazed either tropical grass pastures fertilised with nitrogen (GN) or tropical grass-legume pasture (GL). Cows were offered 2.5 kg DM/day of a molasses supplement incorporating 1 of 4 levels of MBM: 0, 250, 500 or 750 g DM/day. The experiment was conducted over the first 160 days of lactation. With GN pastures, fat-corrected milk (FCM) yield (kg/cow.day) for days 1-160 of lactation was linearly related to the intake of MBM (kg DM/cow.day) and was described by the equation FCM = 14.0 + 1.84 MBM (P<0.01, R2 = 0.95). Most of this response occurred in the first 100 days of lactation, when significant I (P<0.05) relationships between milk yield, FCM yield and intake of MBM were found. Milk yield and FCM yield of cows grazing grass-legume pastures were increased by feeding MBM, but the FCM response was a mean of 32% less than with the nitrogen-fertilised pasture and non-significant at the 5% confidence level. The following mean values over 160 days were recorded for cows on GN and GL pastures, respectively: milk yield, 15.8 and 17.4 kg/day; FCM yield, 14.6 and 16.7 kg/day; butterfat, 3.54 and 3.69%; solids-not-fat, 8.40 and 8.59%; lactose, 4.91 and 4.95%. It was concluded that a MBM supplement will increase the milk yield for cows grazing nitrogen-fertilised pastures, but only during early lactation.

scholarly journals Behavior of high producing holstein-friesian cows during the three months of lactation

2004 ◽  
Vol 20 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
I. Bencsik ◽  
N. Pacala ◽  
T. Theilen ◽  
Jana Stanculet ◽  
Alena Bencsik
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Feeding Area ◽  
Friesian Cows

In our study the behavior of dairy cows was studied during the first three months of lactation. The experiments were done on 25 cows raised in free-stalls on slatted floor in 25.5-31.5 m 2 boxes. In the experimental period the cows were fed grass, silage and hay. The concentrates were used for feeding during the milking time and the quantity depended on milk production of each cow. The dairy cows were monitored every 10 minutes in 24 hours period for several days. We have observed that the primiparous and secundiparous cows are resting 1-2 hours less than the older cows. The time needed to ingest the forages is longer at primiparous and secundiparous. During 24 hours, cows are spending 12-14 hours on rest, so it is necessary to build comfortable and spacious pens. Cows are spending 5-6 hours on feeding, so we must provide a larger feeding area for each cow.

The influence of shade on milk production of Holstein-Friesian cows in a tropical upland environment

1988 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 149 ◽  
Author(s):  
TM Davison ◽  
BA Silver ◽  
AT Lisle ◽  
WN Orr
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Average Maximum ◽  
Fat Yield ◽  
Daily Milk ◽  
Friesian Cows

Sixteen Holstein-Friesian animals, comprising 8 multiparous cows and 8 first-lactation heifers, were divided into 2 equal groups which had access to either tree shade or no shade. All animals were in the first third of lactation and were subjected to treatment for 8 weeks in summer 1985. Average maximum monthly temperatures ranged from 26.2 to 28.22� over the experimental period. The provision of shade increased (P< 0.01) milk yield; however, there was a significant (P<0.05) interaction between response to shade and cow parity. Mean daily milk yields for multiparous cows were 19.2 and 17.2 kg/cow (P< 0.01) and 16.3 and 15.9 kg/cow (P> 0.05) for heifers in the shade and no shade groups respectively. Cows without shade incurred a significant decrease (P< 0.05) in solids-not fat yield, lactose percentage and lactose yield, and a significant increase ( P < 0.05) in somatic cell count. The composition of milk from heifers without shade was no different from that from heifers with shade. Rectal temperature was higher (P < 0.01) in animals without shade (mean 40.0�C) than in animals with shade (mean 39.4�C). The highest mean maximum rectal temperature of 41.6�C was recorded in the noshade group. It was concluded that shade is essential if milk yield and milk composition are to be maximised in this environment.

The effect of fermentable energy supply on the excretion of purine derivatives in milk and urine of dairy cows

1993 ◽  
Vol 1993 ◽  
pp. 4-4
Author(s):  
J.M. Moorby ◽  
R.J. Dewhurst
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Purine Derivatives ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Practical Level ◽  
Friesian Cows

The urinary excretion of allantoin and uric acid (collectively purine derivatives, or PD) provides an estimate of the yield of microbial protein (MP) from the rumen. The technique is useful for estimating rumen efficiency of dairy cows, but due to the problems associated with urine collection, its use is limited on the large scale. Measuring PD in milk would allow more routine assessments to be carried out on a practical level.Twelve multiparous mid-lactation Holstein/Friesian cows were used in a 3x3 Latin square changeover experiment with 3 four-week periods. Cows were allocated to squares on the basis of their mean milk yield of the 7 days prior to the trial. Within squares, treatments were randomly allocated to each cow. The first 25 days of each experimental period were used for adjustment, and the last 3 for the collection of milk and urine samples.

scholarly journals Flow Cytometric Assessment of the Viability and Functionality of Uterine Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes in Postpartum Dairy Cows

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1081
Author(s):  
Leen Lietaer ◽  
Kristel Demeyere ◽  
Stijn Heirbaut ◽  
Evelyne Meyer ◽  
Geert Opsomer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Flow Cytometric ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Uterine Health ◽  
Intracellular Proteolysis ◽  
Friesian Cows

Postpartum dairy cows experience impaired peripheral polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) functionality, which has been associated with reproductive tract inflammatory diseases. However, it has not been elucidated yet whether endometrial PMN functionality is (equally) impaired. We developed a method for endometrial PMN isolation and flow cytometric assessment of their viability and functionality. We also evaluated PMN immunolabeling, using a specific bovine granulocyte marker, CH138A. Blood and endometrial cytobrush samples were collected in duplicate from seventeen clinically healthy Holstein-Friesian cows between 9 and 37 days in milk. The proportion of viable, apoptotic, and necrotic PMN in endometrial samples roughly ranged from 10 to 80%, indicating highly dynamic endometrial PMN populations in the postpartum uteri. Endometrial PMN functionality testing revealed that PMN immunolabeling increased the accuracy, although this protocol might influence the median fluorescence intensity of the sample. Phagocytosis seemed the most stable and reliable endometrial PMN function and could be assessed satisfactorily without prior CH138A immunolabeling. However, the interpretation of oxidative burst and intracellular proteolysis tests remains challenging. The correlation between peripheral and endometrial PMN functionality was poor. Further research is warranted to unravel the role of uterine PMN viability and functionality in bovine uterine health.

Acidogenicity of feeds for dairy cows. 2. Production responses

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 206-206
Author(s):  
R.J. Dewhurst ◽  
D. Wadhwa ◽  
L.P. Borgida ◽  
D.W.R. Davies ◽  
W.J. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Latin Squares ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Lactation Performance ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Friesian Cows

Falling prices for cereals and beneficial effects on milk protein concentrations may promote greater inclusions of rapidly fermented ingredients in dairy rations. There is, however, a limit to the inclusion of these feeds into dairy rations beyond which performance declines due to sub-acidosis and related disorders. The feed compounder will need to be able to set limits on levels of feeding concentrates according to these risks. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of feeds of different acidogenicity (Wadhwa et al., 1998) on lactation performance of dairy cows offered diets based on grass- or maize-silage.Twelve multiparous Holstein-Friesian cows in the third month of lactation were used for this experiment. The experimental design involved adaptation and covariance recording on a standard diet (grass silage and 10 kg concentrates per day), followed by three 21-day experimental periods arranged as four 3x3 Latin Squares. The Latin Squares were constrained to a single forage to avoid difficulties in changeovers between grass silage and maize silage.

scholarly journals Is rumenocentesis a safe technique to collect rumen fluid in dairy cows?

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 1135 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. PANOUSIS ◽  
G. KITKAS ◽  
G. E. VALERGAKIS
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Safe Technique ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Milk

Subacute ruminal acidosis is a major issue in dairy cattle and a definite diagnosis is only established by measuring the rumen fluid pH, most credibly collected by rumenocentesis. However, due to its invasive nature, there is still some debate whether it is a safe method or poses risks for cows’ health and welfare. The aim of the study was to retrospectively evaluate the safety of rumenocentesis as a technique to obtain rumen fluid in dairy cows. Results were derived from 2 studies. In study 1, rumenocentesis was performed in 153 Holstein cows from 12 herds, once, between 10 and 90 days in milk (DIM). In study 2, 83 Holstein cows from a dairy farm were repeatedly subjected to rumenocentesisat 30, 90 and 150 DIM. From the 83 cows that were initially enrolled, 8 were culled before the end of the study for reasons irrelative to rumenocentesis; therefore, 236 rumenocenteses were actually performed in study 2 (3 times in 75 cows, twice in 3 cows and once in 5 cows). All cows were monitored for 10 days after rumenocentesis for presence of complications. In addition, daily milk yield was automatically recorded for each cow in study 2 to detect any possiblepost-rumenocentesis short-term reduction of milk yield. Minor only complications were recorded in 7 cases: in 4/153 (2.61%) and 3/236 (1.27%) rumenocenteses in studies 1 and 2, respectively. Small diameter abscesses in 6 cows (3 in study 1 and 3 in study 2) and a larger one in 1 cow in study 1 were observed. The 3 small abscesses in study 2 were all recorded after the 1st rumenocentesis, at DIM 30. All 7 cases were resolved spontaneously within two weeks. Moreover, short-term daily milk yield of study 2 cows was not affected by rumenocentesis. The conclusion is that rumenocentesis is a safe technique to collect small volume of rumen fluid for SARA diagnosis, which does not compromise cows’ health and welfare when appropriately performed.

Matching grass supply to grazing patterns for dairy cows under strip-grazing management

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 49-49
Author(s):  
R.J. Orr ◽  
S.M. Rutter ◽  
P.D. Penning ◽  
N.H. Yarrow ◽  
L.D. Atkinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Grazing Management ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Grazed Pasture ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Water Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Strip Grazing ◽  
Friesian Cows

Grazed herbage is the cheapest feed available for dairy cows but total intake of nutrients from grazed pasture alone is generally insufficient to allow high yielding dairy cows to reach their production potential. Cows have their main daily meal following afternoon milking in the period up to sunset (e.g. Rook et al., 1994 ). In addition, both the DM content and water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) concentration of grass increase over the day (e.g. Orr et al., 1997) due to the loss of moisture and the accumulation of the products of photosynthesis. Based on this evidence, this study tested the hypothesis that dairy cows receiving strip-grazing allocations following the afternoon rather than the morning milking would show higher intake rates and consequently higher milk yields.Twenty Holstein-Friesian cows (median calving date 10 February 1997) were each supplemented with 4 kg concentrates day-1 and strip-grazed a perennial ryegrass pasture in four groups of 5 cows.

Comparison of reproductive responses after PGF2α and GnRH-PGF2α oestrous synchronisation schemes in Holstein cows

2001 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 467-470
Author(s):  
J.F. Cox ◽  
F. Saravia ◽  
O. Torrealba ◽  
A. Zavala ◽  
A. Lobos
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Detection Efficiency ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Conception Rate ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Reproductive Response ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Breeding Schemes ◽  
Friesian Cows

AbstractControlled breeding schemes for oestrous detection constitutes a proactive technical response that balances the infrastructural requirement for a profitable dairy operation and the demands for optimal animal performance. The present study compared (a) the reproductive response of a treatment based on a short vs longer-acting PGF2α analogue (tiaprost vs luprostiol), and (b) the reproductive response after a treatment of GnRH-PGF2α vs PGF2α alone for synchronizing dairy cows. Holstein-Friesian cows averaging 9000 kg milk/lactation and fed according to their requirements were used in the study. Cows were cyclic, at least 60 days post partum and were clinically sound before being considered for the experiments. In Experiment 1, animals were synchronised using an i.m. injection of either 15 mg of luprostiol or 0.75 mg of tiaprost, based on ultrasonic diagnosis of a corpus luteum. Animals were inseminated at observed oestrus. In Experiment 2, cows were synchronised, at random, by either an injection of 10pg ofbuserelin (day 0) followed by 0.75 mg of tiaprost at day 7 (GnRH-PGF2α) orjust 0.75 mg of tiaprost (PGF2α). For both treatments only cows with an ultrasonically detected corpus luteum were treated. Animals were inseminated at oestrus. At the time of treatment and again 3 days later, milk samples were collected and assayed for progesterone by RIA. Cows with progesterone concentrations >1 ng/ml were considered to have corpus luteum. Luteolysis was considered to have occurred when concentrations of progesterone were > 1 ng/ml at day 0 and <0.8 ng/ml at day 3. In Experiment 1, both analogues gave similar results in terms of induced luteolysis [luprostiol: 36/39 (92.3%) vs tiaprost: 36/41 (87.8%)], oestrous detection efficiency [luprostiol: 26/36 (72.2%) vs tiaprost: 30/36 (83.3%], oestrous distribution [day 2, 3 and 4, respectively: luprostiol: 26.9%, 50.0%, 19.2% vs tiaprost: 36.7%, 50.0%, 13.3%], and conception rates [luprostiol: 12/25 (48.0%) vs tiaprost: 14/28 (50.0%); P>0.05]. In Experiment 2, oestrous detection efficiency, interval to oestrus and conception rate were similar between treatments [97/149 (65.1%), 71.1 h, 43/95 (45.3%) for PGF2α vs 130/188 (69.1%), 68.2h, 65/126 (51.6%) for GnRH-PGF2α, respectively]. However the oestrous distribution was more concentrated in GnRH-PGF2α treated animals (P<0.01).

The effect of sward surface height on grazing behaviour by lactating holstein-friesian cows

1995 ◽  
Vol 1995 ◽  
pp. 26-26
Author(s):  
M. J. Gibb ◽  
A. J. Rook ◽  
C. A. Huckle ◽  
R. Nuthall
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Intake Rate ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Biting Rate ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Grazing Behaviour ◽  
Friesian Cows

Sward surface height (SSH) has been shown to have an effect on the performance of dairy cows. However, to understand precisely how cows adapt to such differing sward conditions, it is necessary to study the interactions between bite mass, biting rate, and thus intake rate, and time spent grazing. An experiment was therefore designed to examine grazing behaviour and intake by lactating cows at three sward heights.

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