Dynamics of productivity and indicators of functional homeostasis of lactating cows when supplements based on natural zeolites enriched with a biocomplex of free L-amino acids are introduced into the diet

Purpose: to study the effect of feeding lactating cows with a feed additive enriched with a biocomplex of free L-amino acids of plant origin on the indicators of functional homeostasis, productivity and quality characteristics of milk.Materials and methods. Research and production tests were carried out on the basis of the OS "Streletskaya" branch of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Federal Research Center of Legumes and Groats". To conduct scientific and production tests, 2 groups of cows of 3-4 lactation were formed, 70 heads each. The groups were formed on the principle of analogous pairs.The cows of the experimental group, starting from the second day after calving, in the morning, once a day, received a granulated feed additive "ZEO-AMINO" (Russia) fraction 0.2-0.7 mm at the rate of 2% of the dry matter of the ration daily for the first 100 days lactation. Experimental animals were monitored daily. Clinical examination of animals was carried out with obligatory control of the general condition, thermometry, counting of respiratory movements and rumen contractions, assessment of the udder condition. The productivity of cows was determined according to the results of control milking. Morphological and biochemical blood tests were performed.Results. It was revealed that the daily use of a granular feed additive of fraction 0.2-0.7 mm, starting from the second day after calving, once a day at the rate of 2% of the dry matter of the diet during the first 100 days of lactation, contributes to an increase in the average daily milk yield of cows on average by 15.9%; by 7 months lactation, an increase in the average daily milk yield was established by an average of 18.3%. It was found that feeding the supplement to cows after calving due to better absorption of nitrogen in the diet and accumulation of proteins in the animal's body allows partially neutralizing the negative consequences of negative energy balance after calving, and contributes to a more intensive recovery of live weight loss, which is reliably confirmed by indicators of animal productivity. The results of a biochemical blood test suggest that the use of a feed supplement in obtaining milk has a positive effect on the assimilation of the diet, metabolism and assimilation processes in the body, activates a number of vital functions during the normal course of physiological processes and ensuring functional homeostasis, which ultimately determines increasing the milk production of animals. Analysis of the quality indicators of milk allows us to conclude that the mass fraction of fat when feeding the additive increased by an average of 0.12 abs. %; the mass fraction of protein increased by an average of 0.22 abs.%.Conclusion. To increase milk productivity, reduce the negative effects of negative energy balance after calving, and more intensively restore body weight loss, as well as increase the efficiency of using feed proteins and normalize metabolic processes, it is recommended that daily use of the feed granulated dietary supplement "ZEO-AMINO" fraction in the diets of dairy cows 0.2-0.7 mm at the rate of 2% of the dry matter of the diet, starting from the second day after calving, once a day during the first 100 days of lactation.

Influence of feeding cows with plant adaptogens on the physiological and biochemical status of lactating cows

Purpose: development of a method for correcting the physiological biochemical status of lactating cows and increasing their productivity in industrial stress conditions using vegetable adaptogens based on the sea buckthorn, hawthorn and lecithin.Materials and methods. The work reflects the results of a study on the effect of phytocompositions, including the fruits of sea buckthorn (SB), blood-red hawthorn (BH) and vegetable lecithin (L), on the physiological and biochemical status and productivity of lactating cows. The following groups of animals were formed, 5 animals each (n = 5), duration 30 days: group 1 (control) received only the basic diet of the farm (BD); Group 2 (BD + SB + BH) - the main diet of the farm, sea buckthorn fruits at a dose of 130 g / cow / day, blood-red hawthorn fruits dried at a dose of 40 g / cow/ day; Group 3 (BD + SB + BH + L) - the main diet of the farm, sea buckthorn fruits at a dose of 130 g / cow / day, blood-red hawthorn fruits dried at a dose of 40 g / cow / day, lecithin at a dose of 70 g / cow / day Revealed a positive effect on the indicators of protein, carbohydrate, lipid metabolism and milk productivity. By the end of the experiment, the experimental cows had the highest average daily milk yield in cows of group №. 3 that received, in addition to the main diet, a composition of hawthorn, sea buckthorn and vegetable lecithin (5.5% higher relative to the control group) and in group of cows №. 2 that received composition from the fruits of hawthorn and sea buckthorn (an increase of 4%).Results. Revealed positive effect on indicators of protein, carbohydrate, lipid exchanges and dairy productivity. By the end of the experiment, the experimental cows are the largest average daily fishing of the group of group No. 3, which additionally received the main diet from the fruits of hawthorn, sea buckthorn and vegetable lecithin (above 5.5% relative to the control group) and in the group of cows No. 2, which received the composition Of the fruits of hawthorn and sea buckthorn (the increase was 4%).Conclusion. The analysis of the results of the study of biochemical indicators shows that the composition comprising the fruits of sea buckthorn, hawthorn blood-red and vegetable lecithin has the greatest adaptogenic properties.

Influence of feed additives on the hematological and biochemical parameters of the blood of lactating cows

Increasing the milk productivity of cows is the main task facing the livestock industry of our country. The study of some hematological and biochemical blood parameters in dairy cows when different feed additives are included in their rations is an urgent research task. The purpose of the investigations was to study the hematological and biochemical parameters of the blood of lactating cows when using different feed additives in the ration. During the investigations, the influence of feed additives such as Zaslon 2+ (at a dose of 20 g/head/day to the main ration), Diatomite (100 g/head/day to the main ration) and Monosporin (70 g/head/day to the main ration) on the hematological and biochemical blood parameters of lactating cows has been observed. The studied feed additives are used for the adsorption of mycotoxins in feed, normalization of digestive processes, and improvement of the livability and productivity of farm animals. In order to study the influence of the tested feed additives on the hematological parameters of the blood of lactating cows under the conditions of the Troitsky area in the Chelyabinsk region, on four groups of cows selected according to the principle of analogues (age, live weight, productivity, breed, physiological condition) the scientific and economic experiment has been carried out. As the result of the investigations, data have been obtained indicating that the feed additive Zaslon 2+ at the dose of 20 g/head/day has the greatest effect on the metabolism in the body of lactating cows.

Prevalence of Bovine Mastitis in the Western Region of Cameroon

Mastitis is the major disease in milking cows causing huge losses to the dairy industry worldwide. It is in view to contribute to the eradication of this pathology that the present study was carried out in cattle farms of the West Region of Cameroon from March 2020 to November 2020. A total of 473 lactating cows of local and improved breeds were screened for mastitis. Screening for clinical and sub-clinical mastitis was based on the observation of clinical signs and on the use of the California Mastitis Test (CMT) respectively. The overall prevalence was 34.88%, among which 9.72% and 25.16% represented clinical and subclinical mastitis respectively. In summary, the factors influencing the occurrence of mastitis were: the divisions surveyed (p<0.001), breed type (p=0.003), age range (p<0,001), farm type (p=0.05), soil type (p<0,001), cleaning frequency (p<0.001), feeding method (p<0.001), hygiene of udder (p=0.05) and stage of lactation (p=0.02). The results obtained allow us to recommend an improvement of the breeding conditions to prevent mastitis, because once mastitis appears in a farm, it becomes very difficult to eradicate it.

Assessment of Breeding Practice and Statues of Estrus Synchronization and Mass Insemination Conception Rate of Dairy Cattle in North Shewa Zone, Ethiopia.

BackgroundAssisted reproductive biotechnology like oestrus synchronization mass insemination(OSMI), and artificial insemination (AI) are the most important bio techniques for improving the reproductive and productive performance of dairy cattle including enhancing overall profit in Ethiopia. In North Shewa zone different study were conducted. However, there is no study conducted on breeding practice, and status of OSMI conception rate of dairy cattle. Therefore the aim of this study to assess breeding practice, and status of OSMI conception rate of dairy cattle in North Shewa zone.MethodsOut of 27 districts, three district and 135 respondents were selected purposive followed by random sampling techniques per each district. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20 and Ms-Excel (2010).ResultMilk yield, High growth rate, body weight, fertility and udder size were the major traits perceived by farmers. Breed preference of the respondents were HHFC and HFC in Basonaworena and Angolelanatera ranked first. Breeding objective and rearing system of cattle were milk production with sale of calves and all cattle categories reared together except HHFC and lactating cows respectively. Most of the respondents were used AI mating system due to rapid genetic improvement. HHFC and HJERC bulls breed were not available in the study area as a result alternative strategies taken by the respondents was take cows in other kebele. Reproductive performance of dairy cattle per district and breeds were statistically significant. 86.6% of respondents were not maintained mating and pedigree records due to lack of awareness. Heat detection problem and AIT efficiency were the major factor that affect CR in OSMI program. The perception and satisfaction of farmer on CR of OSMI (34.4%) was not good and (67.1%) not satisfied respectively. The selection criteria of cows for OSMI program (58.9%) of respondents were not aware. The status of CR and NSPC per district, breed and year were vary (p<0.05) in table16 in OSMI program.ConclusionIn conclusion that the status of CR was increasing starting 2013/14-2015/16 in OSMI. In addition creation of farmer’s awareness on breeding aspects as well as OSMI is mandatory. Finally empowering the AI technician efficiency and procurement of the necessary facilities should be in place before implementing an OSMI.

Impact of Non-genetic Parameters Altering Milk Yield Performance in Zebu Cows

Background: Animal phenotype performance depends on both genetic and non-genetic factors, but mostly the genetic part analysed leaving non genetic parameters unnoticed. The aim of the study is to understand impact of non-genetic factors governing milk yield performance in Deoni cows. Methods: A total of 821 lactation records from 340 lactating cows (2002-2017) along with their age at first calving, parity, season of calving were collected. These data were standardized and analysed to find significant differences using Duncan’s multiple range Test. Result: Deoni cows showed significant increase (P less than 0.05) in both lactation milk yield and lactation length with increase in parity. Season of calving had significant affects (P less than 0.05) on lactation milk yield but not in lactation length. Increase in age at first calving revealed there was a significant difference (P less than 0.05) in both lactation milk yield and lactation length.

Formation of meat productivity of bulls depending on the level of feeding

The materials of the publication continue to reflect the results of long-term research conducted by the Department of Animal Feeding and Feed Technology on lactating cows and fattening bulls. The aim of the research was to study the peculiarities of the formation of meat productivity by bulls of Volyn meat breed depending on the level of feeding, which in the same diets fully meets the needs of animals in nutrients, namely: dry matter, available energy, protein fraction, carbohydrates, mineral, and biologically active substances. Theoretical issues concerning the organization of complete nutrition of specialized meat breeds with year-round uniform feeding using haylage-type mono-feed are relevant especially in the practice of fattening young animals to obtain veal and young beef. This type of feed according to our recipe is made on the farm “Pchany-Denkovych”. More complex feeds of a mixture of three, four, and five components have also been developed, and the field produces compound feed, which is called grain haylage. Diets of this type do not require the use of concentrated feed in livestock fattening. This approach is reflected in the materials of scientific and practical publications on the intensity of functional processes of muscle tissue growth without excess fat. The data obtained in our studies allow us to conclude that there is a direct relationship between the total protein content in muscle tissue and the nutritional qualities of diet food. It is such components of mono-feed as corn cobs of milk-wax ripeness and soybean pods that provide a relatively high protein content in the feed, which provided high average daily gains in live weight with a limited number of concentrates. The control slaughter of bulls at the end of the experiment showed that the average pre-slaughter live weight was at the level of 541–501 kg. Slaughter yield of carcasses was directly dependent on the structure of the diet with a small group difference, which was in the range of 0.8–1.2 % compared to the first group, whose diet compensated for the need of animals for energy and protein through concentrates and was usually more expensive. Thus, the replacement of some concentrates in terms of the nutritional value of the second and third groups does not lead to a significant negative impact on the morphological composition of carcasses, which gives reason to believe the effectiveness of such diets. Studies on fattening bulls of the Volyn meat breed give grounds to claim that the harvest of mono-feed (corn-soybean) haylage type, the nutritional value of which is more than 0.5 feed. from contains a sufficient amount of protein, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals, provides high average daily gains in live weight, and has a positive effect on the quality of young beef. The production of this type of fodder allows producing 78.1–99.8 quintals of fodder from 1 ha of fodder area, respectively. from and 6.1–13.9 quintals of digestible protein and makes it possible to reduce the cost of concentrated feed in the structure of animal diets for fattening.

The state of the adrenal cortex in cows with different levels of productivity and their breed affiliation

Purpose: the goal is to study the condition and functional reserves of adrenal cortex in cows with different levels of dairy productivity and their breed accessories.Materials and methods. In the first experience, the object of the study was cows of a holstered black-motley breed with a high and relatively low level of milk productivity (n = 10 in each group). The second experience was carried out on four breeds of lactating cows: Holsteinated black-made, red-made, Montbeliard and Jersey (n = 10 in each group). The blood of animals were taken from the tail vein 1 time per month during lactation to morning feeding. In both experiments, in the third month of lactation, all animals were performed by a two-time functional load of ACTH (dose – 0,5 units / kg of alive mass intramuscularly). After one hour, blood selection was performed and re-injected by adrenocorticotropic hormone in the same dose. After the second introduction, the ACTH was selected through 1.2 and 3 hours. The calculation of the index of the functional activity of the adrenal cortex was carried out according to the JACN = K2 / K1 formula where K1 is the level of cortisol 1 hour after the first load, K2 is the level of cortisol after the second load of the ACTH.Results. In the 1st experience of the highest values, the level of cortisol reached a 3 month lactation. In a highly productive group, the level of cortisol was 86,1 ± 5,3 nmol / l, and in the low product group 74,5 ± 5,7 nmol / l. At 8 months, the lowest cortisol concentration levels are fixed, followed by an increase of 10 months. Differences between groups on 2, 3 and 4 months of lactation are noted as statistically significant (p<0,05). After the load of the ACTH, an index of the functional activity of the adrenal cortex (JACN) was established - in the first high productive group, it was 1.42, and in the second less productive group it was lower and amounted to 1,04.In the 2nd experience at the peak of lactation, which also corresponded to 3 months, the level of cortisol concentration increased from a holstered black-motley breed, Mont Belärd, Red-motley and Jersey to 79,3 ± 5,5; 70,2 ± 3,7; 80,3 ± 3,2; 80,5 ± 3,6 nmol / l, respectively. For 8 months of lactation, this figure decreased with the subsequent increase of the 10th month. After establishing Jacnes in a holstered black-motley breed, Montbeliard, red-motley and jersey recorded the following indicators: 1,21; 1,24; 1,18 and 0,89, respectively.Conclusion. The studies have indicated that in all periods of lactation relative to the high level of cortisol recorded in cows with a higher level of milk productivity. When comparing different rocks, it was established that the limit of the functioning of the adrenal glands in the cows of the Jersey breed was implemented after the first functional load of the ACTH, which gives reason to consider it less stress-resistant with respect to rocks a holstered black and motley, red-motley and monobeldam.