scholarly journals Diversity of CAM plant photosynthesis (crassulacean acid metabolism): a tribute to Barry Osmond

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (7) ◽  
pp. iii
Author(s):  
Klaus Winter
Keyword(s):  
Crassulacean Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
Australian Plant ◽  
Plant Photosynthesis ◽  
Succulent Plants ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Australian Academy

This special issue is a tribute to the Australian plant biologist Professor Charles Barry Osmond – Fellow of the Australian Academy of Sciences, the Royal Society of London, and Leopoldina, the German National Academy of Sciences – and his many contributions to our understanding of the biochemistry and physiological ecology of CAM (crassulacean acid metabolism) photosynthesis. This water-conserving photosynthetic pathway is characterised by nocturnal uptake of atmospheric CO2 and typically enables succulent plants to perform and survive in warm semiarid terrestrial and epiphytic habitats. The idea for this issue is to mark the occasion of Barry’s 80th birthday in 2019. The foreword highlights some of his outstanding contributions and introduces the research papers of the special issue.

scholarly journals Diurnal CO2 Assimilation Patterns in Nine Species of CAM-Type Succulent Plants

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 1373-1376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang Deok Lee ◽  
Soon Jae Kim ◽  
Seung Il Jung ◽  
Ki-Cheol Son ◽  
Stanley J. Kays
Keyword(s):  
Crassulacean Acid Metabolism ◽  
Absorption Rate ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Assimilation Rate ◽  
Photosynthetic Pathway ◽  
Night Temperature ◽  
Cam Species ◽  
Succulent Plants ◽  
Ornamental Species

CO2 assimilation rate of Crassula hybrid `Himaturi', a succulent ornamental species with the crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) photosynthetic pathway, was affected by light intensity (50, 100, 300 μmol·m–2·s–1), photoperiod (16/8, 8/16 h day/night), and temperature (30/25, 25/20 °C day/night). Maximum assimilation of CO2 occurred at 300 μmol·m–2·s–1 of diurnal irradiance, 16/8 h day/night photoperiod, and a day/night temperature of 30/25 °C. Diurnal CO2 assimilation patterns of nine succulent ornamental CAM species were evaluated (300 μmol·m–2 s–1, 35/25 °C day/night and a 16/8-h day/night photoperiod) for CO2 fixation. Of the nine ornamentals, Crassula `Himaturi' had the highest and Echeveria derembergii the lowest maximum CO2 absorption rate (13.0 vs 2.4 μmol kg–1·s–1), total nighttime (179.3 vs 13.4 mmol·kg–1), and 24 h total (200.6 vs 19.0 mmol·kg–1) absorption. Based on the CO2 assimilation patterns, the nine ornamentals were separated into two groups: 1) full CAM (Faucaria tigrina, Gasteria gracilis var. minima, Haworthia cymbiformis, and Haworthia fasciata); and 2) weakly CAM (Adromischus clarifolius, Crassula hybrids `Moonglow' and `Himaturi', E. derembergii, and Haworthia retusa).

scholarly journals Editorial

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Trevor Stuart
Keyword(s):  
Washington Dc ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
The Us ◽  
History Of ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Australian Academy

This edition of Biographical Memoirs contains much fascinating material for the student of the History of the Sciences. In two cases, Norman E. Borlaug and Leslie E. Orgel, we have benefited from collaboration with the US National Academy of Sciences, Washington DC, and in three cases, Fraser J. Bergersen, Frank J. Fenner and Bernard Y. Mills, with the Australian Academy of Sciences.

scholarly journals Characterization of Calcium Oxalate Biominerals in Some (Non-Cactaceae) Succulent Plant Species

2010 ◽  
Vol 65 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 429-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula V. Monje ◽  
Enrique J. Baran
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Crassulacean Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate ◽  
Succulent Plant ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopic ◽  
Succulent Plants

The water-accumulating leaves of crassulacean acid metabolism plants belonging to five different families were investigated for the presence of biominerals by infrared spectroscopic and microscopic analyses. Spectroscopic results revealed that the mineral present in succulent species of Agavaceae, Aizoaceae, and Asphodelaceae was calcium oxalate monohydrate (whewellite, CaC2O4 · H2O). Crystals were predominantly found as raphides or solitary crystals of various morphologies. However, representative Crassulaceae members and a succulent species of Asteraceae did not show the presence of biominerals. Overall, these results suggest no correlation between calcium oxalate generation and crassulacean acid metabolism in succulent plants.

Associative symbiosis of Azospirillum lipoferum with dicotyledonous succulent plants of the Indian desert

1982 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 778-782 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. Rao ◽  
B. Venkateswarlu
Keyword(s):  
Crassulacean Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Azospirillum Lipoferum ◽  
Indian Desert ◽  
Potassium Nitrite ◽  
Succulent Plants ◽  
Associative Symbiosis

The roots of several dicotyledonous xerophytic plants exhibited nitrogenase activity. Azospirillum lipoferum was isolated from the roots of these plants including several species of Opuntia having crassulacean acid metabolism. These isolates showed high rates of acetylene reduction; maximum nitrogenase activity was observed with the isolate from Opuntia vulgaris. Organic acids rather than sugars were preferred as carbon source for two selected isolates studied. However, no activity was detected with formic, oxalic, or lactic acid. Inorganic nitrogen sources caused significant reduction in nitrogenase activity, while organic sources such as amino acids and proteins either stimulated or did not significantly inhibit the activity. However, urea completely inhibited formation of nitrogenase activity. Growth measured as optical density was enhanced with all the nitrogen sources except potassium nitrite.

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