The role of wild birds in the transmission of avian influenza for Australia: an ecological perspective

2004 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
John P. Tracey ◽  
Rupert Woods ◽  
David Roshier ◽  
Peter West ◽  
Glen R. Saunders
Keyword(s):  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
Ecological Perspective

scholarly journals Protection of cats against lethal influenza H5N1 challenge infection

2008 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 968-974 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas W. Vahlenkamp ◽  
Timm C. Harder ◽  
Matthias Giese ◽  
Fengsheng Lin ◽  
Jens P. Teifke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Avian Influenza Virus ◽  
Influenza Virus Vaccine ◽  
Challenge Infection ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Human Patient ◽  
Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus

Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) H5N1 of Asian origin continues to circulate in poultry and wild birds, causing considerable concern for veterinary and public health in Asia, Europe and Africa. Natural transmission of HPAIV H5N1 from poultry to humans, resulting in infections associated with high mortality, and from poultry or wild birds to large felids and domestic cats has been reported. Experimental infection of cats with HPAIV H5N1 derived from a human patient resulted in lethal disease. The role of cats in the adaptation of HPAIV H5N1 to mammals and vaccination regimens for the eventual protection of cats, however, remain to be elucidated. Here, it was shown that cats can be protected against a lethal high-dose challenge infection by an inactivated, adjuvanted heterologous H5N6 avian influenza virus vaccine. The challenge HPAIV H5N1 was derived from a naturally infected cat. In non-vaccinated cats, low-dose exposure resulted in asymptomatic infections with minimal virus excretion. As diseased cats can transmit the infection to naïve contact animals, the epidemiological role of H5N1-infected cats in endemically infected areas as a link between wild birds, poultry and humans needs close inspection, and vaccination of cats should be considered to reduce possible human exposure.

scholarly journals Птахи як імовірний фактор занесення та поширення високопатогенного пташиного грипу Н5N1 в умовах мегаполісу

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-132
Author(s):  
I. T. Rusev ◽  
V. D. Vinnik ◽  
D. A. Sokolovskiy
Keyword(s):  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
Migration Routes ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Pathogenic Avian Influenza ◽  
Natural Foci

In 2005 highly pathogenic avian influenza spreaded rapidly from the Central Asia along the main migration routes of wild birds includingUkraine. In the autumn, and mostly in the winter, the avian influenza was found in many countries of Europe, Asia and Africa in the places of traditional birds wintering. The paper considers the ways of importation of the avian influenza pathogens intoUkraineand the role of wild birds in the possible formation of anthropogenic and natural foci of highly pathogenic avian influenza in megapolis conditions.

scholarly journals Disentangling the role of poultry farms and wild birds in the spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N8 in Europe

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Guinat ◽  
Cecilia Valenzuela Agui ◽  
Timothy G Vaughan ◽  
Jeremie Scire ◽  
Anne Pohlmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
Virus Spread ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Viral Spread ◽  
Pathogenic Avian Influenza ◽  
H5n8 Virus ◽  
Poultry Farms

Recent outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N8 virus in Europe have caused severe damage to animal health, wildlife conservation and livestock economic sustainability. While epidemiological and phylogenetic studies have generated important clues about the virus spread in Europe, they remained opaque to the specific role of poultry farms and wild birds. Using a phylodynamic framework, we inferred the H5N8 virus transmission dynamics among poultry farms and wild birds in four severely affected countries and investigated drivers of spread between farms across borders during the 2016-17 epidemic. Based on existing genetic data, we showed that the virus was likely introduced into poultry farms during the autumn, in line with the timing of arrival of migratory wild birds. Then, transmission was mainly driven by farm-to-farm transmission in Germany, Hungary and Poland, suggesting that better understanding of how infected farms are connected in those countries would greatly help control efforts. In contrast, the epidemic was dominated by wild bird-to-farm transmission in Czech Republic, meaning that more sustainable prevention strategies should be developed to reduce virus exposure from wild birds. We inferred effective reproduction number Re estimates among poultry farms and wild birds. We expect those estimates being useful to parameterize predictive models of virus spread aiming at optimising control strategies. None of the investigated predictors related to live poultry trade, poultry census and geographic proximity were identified as supportive predictors of the viral spread between farms across borders, suggesting that other drivers should be considered in future studies.

scholarly journals Eco-Virological Approach for Assessing the Role of Wild Birds in the Spread of Avian Influenza H5N1 along the Central Asian Flyway

PLoS ONE ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. e30636 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott H. Newman ◽  
Nichola J. Hill ◽  
Kyle A. Spragens ◽  
Daniel Janies ◽  
Igor O. Voronkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Avian Influenza H5n1 ◽  
Influenza H5n1

scholarly journals Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N1 (HPAI/H5N1) Virus Search from Wild Birds in Ghana

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 66-71
Author(s):  
R. Suu-Ire ◽  
J. Awuni ◽  
P. Benia ◽  
G. Kia
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Migratory Birds ◽  
Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Pathogenic Avian Influenza ◽  
Hpai H5n1 ◽  
Sera Samples

Abstract Highly pathogenic avian influenza (AI) disease has occurred in many countries globally adversely affecting domestic poultry production. Ghana recorded her first outbreak of a highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) in 2007 on a small scale commercial farm in Tema. Since then, there have been numerous outbreaks. The source of these outbreaks is not conclusive. The role of wild birds in the epidemiology of avian influenza outbreaks in Ghana is not known. This study sought to investigate the role of wild birds in the outbreaks of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI H5N1) in Ghana, particularly in Southern Ghana. Wild birds were trapped and sampled through mist netting. The faecal and tracheal samples were analysed using a One-Step Real Time Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain reaction (RT-PCR) with primer sets targeting the matrix protein gene of the Avian influenza virus. Sera samples were subjected to multispecies competitive Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) for anti-AI virus antibodies. Three hundred and twenty two (322) wild birds were trapped and sampled. Birds sampled included 87.3 % (281/322) resident birds and 12.7 % (41/322) migratory birds. The migratory birds included intra-African migrants 12.2 % (5/41) and Pale-arctic migrants 87.8 % (36/41). Avian influenza virus and antibody were neither detected in these swabs nor sera samples, respectively. The study documented the absence of AI in resident and migrant wild birds in the study area and suggest that wild birds may not be responsible for the outbreaks of AI in the poultry. However, sustained surveillance is recommended to ascertain a nationwide successful prevention and control strategy to stay the tide of any future intruding AI outbreaks.

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